New armor, new shells, new chassis: the evolution of "Buratino"

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The armament of the Russian army and several foreign countries consists of unique combat vehicles - heavy flamethrowing systems of the TOC-1 family. This technique is a special version of the multiple rocket launcher system using ammunition with a thermobaric warhead. A simultaneous salvo of several dozen missiles with similar equipment can destroy enemy personnel and equipment over a large area, which has been repeatedly confirmed in practice. At the same time, the development of such military equipment continues. Two modifications of TOC-1 already exist and are being exploited, and in the near future the next version will have to go into service.

History A whole family of heavy flame-throwing systems dates back to the early seventies, when Soviet industry was instructed to work out the possibility of creating new types of equipment. By this time, several new MLRS were developed and tested, and a logical continuation of this was the creation of a heavy system of this class. In this case, the heavy MRLS was supposed to use ammunition with incendiary warheads or charges of a volumetric explosion.




Heavy flamethrower system TOC-1 "Buratino" in Afghanistan, 1988-89 years. Photo Russianarms.ru


The design of the first model of the future family started in 1971 year and lasted until the end of the decade. Omsk Design Bureau of Transport Engineering became the lead contractor. Development of the launcher for rockets and related equipment was entrusted to the Special Design Bureau of the Perm Machine-Building Plant. Ammunition of new types was to be developed by the State Research and Production Enterprise “Splav”.

The first "Pinocchio"

From a certain time, a promising complex of volley fire with incendiary and thermobaric ammunition began to be designated as a heavy flame-thrower system. In accordance with this, subsequently the first sample of such equipment under the working designation “Object 634” was called TOC-1, the cipher “Buratino”. An unusual pattern of technology in a few decades became famous under these names.

Calculations showed that the firing range of new high-power shells would not exceed several kilometers, and therefore the combat vehicle needed serious protection. For this reason, the basis for the "Object 634" was the chassis of the main combat tank T-72 with combined ballistic armor on the frontal projection. For use in a new project, a number of “tank” units were removed from the chassis, as well as equipped with some new devices. Perhaps the most notable innovation in the field of chassis is a pair of hydraulic jacks in the stern.


TOC-1 and the old transport-loading vehicle in a car chassis. Photo Russianarms.ru


SKB PMZ has developed a new launcher designed to work with advanced missiles. On the chase of the hull it was proposed to place a turntable with extension brackets on which the pins of the guide package were fixed. The launcher received its own guidance drives, controlled from crew positions. Using a remote control, the gunner can control the rotation of the entire installation and the inclination of the package of guides.

The TOC-1 project involved the use of a launcher with 30 guide pipes. The pipes were located in four horizontal rows. At the same time, the three lower rows included eight pipes each, while the upper one was distinguished by a smaller width and consisted of only six. A package of guides from all sides protected by an armor cover. His front and back walls were removed before shooting or reloading.

The crew of "Buratino" consisted of three people - the driver, the commander and the gunner. All of them were located inside the body, below the roof level. Equipment jobs commander and the gunner provided observation, search targets and subsequent tip weapons. For TOC-1, it was necessary to develop a new fire control system that takes into account the characteristics of the existing weapons.

According to the project, the heavy flamethrower system was supposed to use an unguided missile MO.1.01.04. This product had a tubular body without a pronounced head fairing; in the tail section were stabilizers unfolded in flight. The total length of the rocket - 3,72 m, diameter - 220 mm. Starting weight - 175 kg. More than half the length of the body was given under the warhead weighing 73 kg. The projectile can be equipped with a thermobaric liquid mixture with a explosive charge and an igniter or a smoke-igniting composition. The remaining hull volumes were intended for a solid-fuel rocket engine.


The upgraded system of type TOC-1A "Solntsepek". Photo NPK "Uralvagonzavod" / uvz.ru


Projectile MO.1.01.04 differed ambiguous flight data, which led to some reduction in firing characteristics. With it, you can attack targets at ranges of at least 400 m and no more than 3,6 km. The firing range is changed by raising the launcher to the desired angle of elevation. Data of this kind is produced by the fire control system.

To work with the "Object 634" was created a special transport-loading machine. Devices for storing and transporting 255 missiles, as well as crane equipment for reloading them to the launcher, were mounted on the KRAZ-30B serial car chassis. Calculation TZM - 3 person. When two crews work together, TOC-1 fully recharges, according to standards, 30 minutes.

At the turn of the seventies and eighties, the new model of military equipment passed all the necessary tests and received a recommendation for adoption. In 1980, an order was issued. However, mass mass production did not start for a number of reasons. For a long time, the army had only a few combat and transport-loading vehicles.

In December 1988, a couple of available TOC-1 went to Afghanistan to participate in Operation Typhoon. Such checks in the face of real conflict ended in success. "Pinocchio" showed high efficiency of fire on targets in mountain conditions. It is known that with some firing unexpected effects were observed: the shock waves from the explosions of different rockets bounced off the ground and reinforced each other.


"Sunlight" and the elements of its fire control system. Figure Btvt.narod.ru


According to the results of combat work in Afghanistan, the TOC-1 system was again recommended for adoption. Only after that the army managed to find an opportunity to purchase a small batch of equipment. According to various sources, for several years the Soviet and then Russian army received only a dozen combat vehicles. This technique is operated by parts of the troops RCBZ.

In the 1999 year - two decades after the appearance - the heavy flamethrower system TOC-1 was first presented to the public. A few months later, in the spring of 2000, the public first learned about the combat work of such samples. Then the rocket artillery had to be used during the fighting in Chechnya. The high efficiency of the fire was again shown.

Superior "Sun"

With all its positive features, TOC-1 was not without flaws. In the late nineties and the beginning of the two thousandth, the wishes of the operator were implemented in a modernization project called TOC-1A "Solntsepek". During the work on this project, certain changes were made to the design of all elements of the complex. Moreover, one of them was radically reworked.


TOC-1A, rear view. Photo NPK "Uralvagonzavod" / uvz.ru


During the tests and actual operation, criticism was repeatedly expressed regarding the existing package of guides with 30 pipes. His defense was considered inadequate, which could lead to the worst consequences. Fortunately, for all the time the equipment was in operation, there was not a single case of damage to guides and rockets, followed by fire. Nevertheless, such customer requirements were taken into account when creating the “634B Object” (BM-1) combat vehicle.

From the base sample BM-1 differs, first of all, in another package of guides. Now the car carries only three rows of starting rails, eight each. In this case, the pipes are located inside the armored casing with a high level of protection. At the cost of a slight reduction in firepower, it was possible to dramatically increase survivability on the battlefield.

The existing rocket was upgraded. The updated product MO.1.01.04M received an improved jet engine, thanks to which the flight range increased to 6 km. Due to the appearance of a new projectile, TOC-1А can fire at a target from outside the range of the enemy’s ground weapons. In particular, now the complex does not threaten the existing types of tanks.


Transport-charging machine TZM-T / "Object 563". Photo by Vitalykuzmin.net


The existing transport-charging vehicle on the basis of a wheeled vehicle did not fully meet the requirements, and therefore it was decided to replace it. The structure of "SunTech" includes a new machine TZM-T ("563 Object"), built on the chassis of the T-72 tank. On special cargo devices with armor protection, it transports 24 unguided missiles. In addition, TZM-T is equipped with its own crane, facilitating the work of the calculation. Chassis unification visibly simplifies the joint operation of two machines of the complex.

The Russian army, which already had a certain number of TOC-1 systems, purchased a small batch of newer TOC-1А. Also foreign countries are interested in this technique; Kazakhstan was the first foreign customer. Later orders appeared from Iraq, Syria and Azerbaijan. It should be noted that all foreign customers, with the exception of Kazakhstan, have already managed to test the "Solneptek" in battle in certain conditions. In particular, with the help of the "Sun chains" the Iraqi and Syrian army repeatedly attacked the objects of terrorists.

Wheel "Tosochka"

About a year ago, representatives of the company "Splav" announced the imminent emergence of a new heavy flame-thrower system, which is a further development of the existing "Buratino" and "Sunpain." Another development of this kind has received a fun and frivolous working title - “Tosochka”. At that time, the promising complex was not yet ready for demonstration to the general public, but its developers have already announced some details of a technical and other nature.

The main innovation of the project "Toschka" will be wheeled chassis. Existing designs are based on tracked tank chassis, which may limit their mobility. It is assumed that the wheel flame-thrower system will be able to advance faster to the specified positions using existing roads. However, the project developers have not yet specified the type of chassis for the new flamethrower system. The existing “Tosochka” models will also differ in the reduced level of protection, which should affect the characteristics of combat use. This system will have to be used mainly in closed firing positions.


"Sun" is firing. Photo NPK "Uralvagonzavod" / uvz.ru


Already last year it became known that the new State Program on Arms, designed for 2018-2025 years, provides for the purchase of a certain number of promising heavy flame-thrower systems. A little later, in January of this year, it was announced the start of assembling a prototype of the Toshok system. Approximately in 2020, such equipment is planned to be transferred to pilot troop operation. A few years after that, the army will be able to receive serial samples.

Unfortunately, the Russian defense industry is only talking about its new development, but not in a hurry to show it. However, at the end of May it was announced that in the near future several promising samples of reactive artillery would be presented at once. One of the "prime minister" will be the heavy flamethrower system "Tosochka". Probably, the first show of an experienced combat vehicle will remove a lot of questions, as well as lead to the appearance of others.

Development continues

The idea of ​​a specialized rocket launcher system using thermobaric warheads appeared in the early seventies, but it seems that it still remains relevant. To implement this idea in our country, two versions of specialized combat vehicles, designed to use special rockets, have already been created. In addition, development work is underway to create a new sample of this kind.


Undermining unguided rockets at the target. Photo NPK "Uralvagonzavod" / uvz.ru


It is easy to see what changes undergone the appearance of domestic heavy flame-thrower systems in the course of modernization. So, initially TOC-1 Buratino could work in the same combat formations with tanks and attack the enemy in the front line. The first processing within the framework of the TOC-1A project “Solneptek” retained all these features, but provided for an improvement in the protection characteristics and the unification of the main elements of the complex. The last project at the moment called “Tosochka” offers to increase the mobility of the flame-thrower system through the use of a fundamentally new chassis.

With systems such as "Sunlight" and "Toschka", the army can effectively solve various combat missions, the implementation of which directly depends on the characteristics of technology. In some situations, TOC-1А will prove to be a more convenient and effective tool, while in other conditions it will be more profitable to use “Tosochka”. Such flexibility of use will allow to better realize the full combat potential of heavy flame-thrower systems.

The Russian army is armed with multiple types of volley fire systems, including unique samples using thermo-pressure ammunition. Despite its solid age and specific combat missions, this technique remains in service and finds application in real conflicts. Moreover, the underlying concept is developing and opens up new horizons for the army.

On the materials of the sites:
http://ria.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://tvzvezda.ru/
http://uvz.ru/
http://russianarms.ru/
http://btvt.narod.ru/
http://arms-expo.ru/
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28 comments
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  1. +2
    26 July 2018 15: 03
    at least something pleases, and allows you to be proud of a weapon that really has no analogues, without sarcasm.
    1. +1
      1 August 2018 02: 05
      There are no analogues, not because it is too complicated, but nobody needs an MLRS with a maximum range of 6 km, Americans don’t like to get so close to the enemy (and die for long wink ) they have enough for their eyes and MLRS, there are missiles that throw a deadly load at 70km (including thermobaric ammunition)
  2. +6
    26 July 2018 15: 52
    The heavy flamethrower system of volley fire based on the T-72 tank - TOS-1A "Solntsepek" fires at militants in the mountains of Latakia soldier
    .... Sep 23 2016 year
    1. +2
      26 July 2018 16: 07
      Some wet smelly lumps ...
      1. +2
        27 July 2018 11: 10
        Yes. went well
    2. +1
      20 October 2018 12: 59
      W is the density. Super. You can not even check. All who were there, to zero. Stripping is complete. Gophers underground also in zero.
  3. +7
    26 July 2018 18: 43
    Finally, an objective article on this installation, detailed. Cyril, you would also take up the BM-21 Grad, Hurricane, Tornado, and Tornado systems, also in detail, diagrams, drawings, bicycles from A to Z. You have a good style, I’m tired of the Internet being watched, has no analogues in the world, what has and what doesn’t, the question is. I’m generally interested in the history of creation, testing, refinement and combat use, in that order, and not pompous advertising. Thanks again.
  4. +4
    26 July 2018 19: 19
    I didn’t see a wonderful product in Afghanistan, but in Chechnya I made an extremely wonderful impression. Thank you for the material.
  5. +2
    26 July 2018 20: 14
    They say that the “Solntsek” is a product quite rare in the army, other types of MLRS are more common.

    Dear Cyril, your next material is simply amazing!
    1. +3
      27 July 2018 12: 41
      We have them in separate flamethrower battalions with one battery in total. And the years of this system are already many, the first demonstration of the combat capabilities of Pinocchio is the West 81 exercises. Despite the enchantment of the performance (in one gulp of two installations, a platoon stronghold with equipment and weapons of a motorized rifle platoon in trenches and shelters was almost completely split into atoms), the command of the Soviet Army was not satisfied with the range and accuracy, the time for preparation for combat use. A long way has begun to improve and bring to mind.
  6. +5
    26 July 2018 22: 29
    It is necessary to expand the range of missiles. In combination with a thermobar, a missile with anti-personnel mines asks. Suppose the last two in a salvo leave a little later (10-15 seconds) and mine the affected area to complicate the rescue measures to the enemy.
    1. +1
      26 July 2018 23: 35
      Better yet, cluster, concrete-piercing, and adjustable with ANN and GLONASS / GPS, and it is desirable to increase the range to 10-12 km and also create a high-precision long-range projectile, with a range of 20-25 km, to proactively destroy enemy reserves or destroy fleeing barmels. about the transition to loading instead of single RS on TPK, so on TOS-1A 24 missiles, then they can be divided into 4 six-missile TPK, this will give wider application, since each TPK can be equipped with different missiles.
      1. +3
        27 July 2018 01: 09
        All of the above you have the MLRS, including t range. Why make the other out of one? TOZ is a battlefield machine. Huge destructive power. In the affected area everything will be destroyed including tanks. The thermobar leaves nothing behind. Cassette for remote mining will be enough.
        1. 0
          27 July 2018 01: 56
          Thermobaric ammunition is ineffective against armored vehicles. The tank will not be anything, even near the center of the explosion - it will only go blind.
          1. +3
            27 July 2018 18: 57
            And what will happen to a tank that has been hit by a pinocchio? If the hatches are not closed but simply covered, then the crew is uniquely dead. If the engine (any) works, then he is 99% khan. The attachment is swept away or seriously damaged. The trunk may be deformed. Repair after such damage will be long and expensive.
          2. +1
            20 October 2018 13: 04
            You just don’t even know anything about her. So it will stand. The crew will end. And even if alive, then 101 percent are disabled by shell shock. A friendly TOS shell (in the city) fell three hundred meters in Chechnya - enough for everyone who was in MTLB. They began to hear after a couple of hours.
        2. 0
          27 July 2018 13: 15
          Cassette for remote mining has long existed, for the "Tornadoes" is now "Tornado-S", and the range there is decent. The question is, on horseradish goat button accordion?
          1. 0
            27 July 2018 19: 01
            Throwing a freshly hit area with anti-personnel landmines means moistening the enemy’s rescue operations.
      2. +1
        27 July 2018 01: 22
        This will increase the size of the entire block of starting guides. It is easier to change the control panel itself in the car and put a memory unit in which it will record which ammunition is loaded in which rail (by analogy with the 2s19 ammunition stack). On the block I chose which shells to fire and how many shells to fire, and then press the "start" button. True, there is a difficulty. RSs fly out in a strictly defined sequence from the packet in order to minimize the shift of the center of gravity after the departure of the next RSa. When loading the TPK, I think it is more difficult to provide. Well, and probably, wooden capping is cheaper than a disposable TPK. Yes, and the crane on the TZM will have to be more powerful. Again - a rise in price.
        Long-range firing with such ammunition can be fired from BM MLRS 9p140 "Hurricane". She has volume-detonating RSs.
      3. +1
        27 July 2018 11: 28
        We need a missile with Glonnas guidance and a wheeled chassis ... Consumption will drop dramatically.
    2. +1
      27 July 2018 01: 44
      Quote: garri-lin
      It is necessary to expand the range of missiles.

      And what? In my opinion, a good idea ... the TOC nurses have a difference from the MLRS nurses: most of the weight and overall performance characteristics are occupied by the warhead. That is, the MO.1.01.04M min will take more than the Hurricane cassette nurs ... you can try turn TOC into a remote clearance mine ... There are smoke-burning ammunition equipped with advanced napalm-type fire mixtures ... but similar shells can spread thickened liquid explosives after they explode ... (some experts prove that it will be better than using a "thermal bar" for mine clearance.
  7. +2
    27 July 2018 01: 31
    I wonder where the data that the first samples were taken so little? For example, near my unit there were storage areas for military equipment. There in the open air stood about 50 TOS-1 units. And how much in Russia the devil himself knows only
  8. +1
    27 July 2018 01: 45
    Quote: Lexa-149
    This will increase the size of the entire block of starting guides. It is easier to change the control panel itself in the car and put a memory unit in which it will record which ammunition is loaded in which rail (by analogy with the 2s19 ammunition stack). On the block I chose which shells to fire and how many shells to fire, and then press the "start" button. True, there is a difficulty. RSs fly out in a strictly defined sequence from the packet in order to minimize the shift of the center of gravity after the departure of the next RSa. When loading the TPK, I think it is more difficult to provide. Well, and probably, wooden capping is cheaper than a disposable TPK. Yes, and the crane on the TZM will have to be more powerful. Again - a rise in price.
    Long-range firing with such ammunition can be fired from BM MLRS 9p140 "Hurricane". She has volume-detonating RSs.

    Yes, you are right about the TPK, it may be unnecessary, but the range of up to 6 km is still small, regarding the concrete-breaking PCs, they are very necessary, since the thermobaric shell cannot penetrate reinforced concrete, and this is very important from the experience of Syria, battles are fought in cities , and judging by the video there just such buildings prevail. And TPKs are far from disposable, they can be re-equipped in the factory.
    1. +2
      27 July 2018 18: 05
      I saw the consequences of the use of bumblebee micro-potato on manpower behind a concrete cap in Debaltseve. An armored door and all that ... 2 loopholes with a DShK. The door tore off the hinges inward, the shock wave came through the embrasures. So they really didn’t understand how many adversaries squinted-centipede-centipede, in pieces of broniks and Kevlar helmets ... So, Pinocchio will be more terrible ..
  9. +3
    27 July 2018 01: 56
    It should be noted that the “Tosochka” was originally developed for the tracked chassis, but “had” to take into account the wishes of potential customers from the Middle East ... moreover, TOSs are now more “oriented” to the external market than to the domestic ... Ammunition is being developed range up to 10 km, with remote detonation ...
  10. 0
    27 July 2018 03: 50
    Quote: Nikolaevich I
    Quote: garri-lin
    It is necessary to expand the range of missiles.

    And what? In my opinion, a good idea ... the TOC nurses have a difference from the MLRS nurses: most of the weight and overall performance characteristics are occupied by the warhead. That is, the MO.1.01.04M min will take more than the Hurricane cassette nurs ... you can try turn TOC into a remote clearance mine ... There are smoke-burning ammunition equipped with advanced napalm-type fire mixtures ... but similar shells can spread thickened liquid explosives after they explode ... (some experts prove that it will be better than using a "thermal bar" for mine clearance.

    Thermobaric ammunition is still effective, just mines have become more protected.
    There is a good book on how to deal with them, "A Long Way with a Trawl", which describes and tests a demining system based on a rocket pulling a net with micro-cumulative charges strung on it, with a depth of damage of up to 1 meter, and it seems to have shown good efficiency.
    1. +1
      27 July 2018 22: 33
      The Americans in the 70s experimented with the M130 SLUFAE, it didn’t
      1. The comment was deleted.
  11. +1
    30 July 2018 14: 15
    It is a pity that the car went on for many years to come.

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