Using email and internet in the US Army, 41 a year after the first @

Under the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA-Defense Information Systems Agency) program, the US Department of Defense has been implementing the Enterprise Email project from 2010.

DEVELOPMENTS:
-September 2010 DISA agreed to transfer the e-mail addresses of the army users database to a specialized exchange server with support for cloud-based data storage technology (Enterprise Email).
- From 31 on January 2011, around 2000, selected email users from the Information Technology Agency (ITA), Office of the General Information Services / G6, NETCOM / 9th Army Command Center, US Army Research Center and the Department for Command Engineering Engineering began to translate into Enterprise Email (acquisition of email service providers DOD).
The goal is corporate e-mail for all users of MO, which allows sharing all available information in the cloud storage. User migration will be controlled by ITA and 7th Signal Command. HQDA (Army Headquarters) plans to start migrating the entire MO no later than March 1 of 2011, immediately after successfully translating the first wave of users.
The rest of the army will finish migrating to December 31 2011 of the year.

Why is this necessary for the army and individual soldiers?

1) corporate email allows users to access army email and cloud data from anywhere in the world.

2) The Department of Defense can contact and cooperate with any army user around the world through the Global Address List.
3) Enterprise Email users receive a full range of services with enhanced protection.
4) corporate email provides at least four gigabytes of email storage and cloud storage technology, which is 40 times the current baseline (the user no longer has to worry about exceeding the mailbox size limit).
5) corporate e-mail allows the army of users to exchange data and contact information within the MO network, without the inconvenience and loss caused by different e-mail service providers.
6) on-line - activity and availability during movement and crossings, mobile connection.
7) A free “visit” of military users to the Internet, such as NATO and the Military Academy at West Point, New York, with the ability to view suggestions, recommendations and get advice on combat experience ..
8) easy access to military resources on the Internet on the relevant topic.
Use the Internet search tools to find the information you need.
9) fast receipt historical documents and instructions from text archives.
10) participation in electronic discussions on a relevant topic.
11) automatic receipt News, releases and announcements on a specific topic, viewing the contents of professional and scientific journals before they are published.

Other DISA Internet and e-mail programs:

SIPRNET - the closed protocol of the network router is a system of interconnected computer networks used by the US Department of Defense and the US State Department to transmit secret information with packet switching on TCP / IP protocols in an “absolutely safe” environment. It also provides services such as hypertext documents and email.
NIPRNET (open network router protocol) is used to exchange unclassified, but important information between the “internal” users of the US armed forces, as well as providing military access to employees to the Internet, although the use of some social networks and websites (egYouTube, Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, and some Google Apps limited to US DoD. This restriction was lifted only in February 2010.
Gig-be - global information network with expanded bandwidth, created to improve national security intelligence, surveillance, information security, as well as command and control.
RACE - fast access to the computing environment (RACE) of high power, began operating in October 2008, under the joint leadership of DISA and the General Directorate of Technology. MO portal users are allowed to independently receive computing resources within 24 hours. RACE provides a simplified process for the preparation and subsequent development, testing, and through the use of Enterprise Mission to provide Technical Support Service (eMASS) and VMS.
Forge.mil In April, 2009 of the Year, DISA launched an open source environment to improve the ability of the US Department of Defense to quickly build reliable software, services and management systems, as well as for combat.

HOW IT ALL BEGAN :
In April, the 2012 first in the world @ turned 41 year.
In April, the 2012 global INET community established its own Hall of Fame as part of its 20 anniversary at the 2012 conference in Geneva. Among the 33 most famous names in the history of the Internet, Ray Tomlinson (currently an engineer Raytheon Company), which put "@" on the map of the evolution of communication.

In 1965, he graduated from MIT and began working for Bolt Beranek and Newman. In 1968, the company received a government order for work related to networking. ARPANET (Internet predecessors)

Coordinated this work Advanced Research Agency Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense (hence the name of the network).
The ARPANET network, which began operating in 1969, united mainly research centers and major universities in America.
Ray Tomlinson began experimenting with his newly created SNDMSG system and CYPNET file transfer protocol in order to organize the transfer of files to remote ARPANET nodes (in 70-s, the network had 23 computers integrated into 15 nodes).

Tomlinson recalls: "I had the idea that CYPNET could include the file being sent as part of the mailbox file, just like the SNDMSG does." According to him, it was necessary only to "make a small change in the protocol." What was done by him.
1971, Cambridge, Massachusetts, a bearded computer scientist, hunched over, sat between two massive computers, trying to send the world's first email.

For several hours, he unsuccessfully tries to debug the software in order to transfer a message from one computer the size of a cabinet to another.
The legend (as interpreted from the first person) says:
"Every time I tried to forward a message, I would type something like 'test 123' or something harmless, and try to send it and see what happened," Tomlinson says. Several dozen attempts were made, but not a single message went through.
He tried again, typing on the recipient's teletype keypad: Tomlinson + @ (small key as separator) + bbn-tenexa (another computer name) : tomlinson @ bbn-tenexa

In the text of the message being sent on the keyboard, the top row of keys “qwertyuiop”, And typed“ send ”, sending this“ informative ”message to another computer, sliding the chair to the teletype of the second computer and typing“ accept ”on the keyboard for the mailbox.
Silence reigned for a moment. And then the teletype came alive with a crash. The first email in history has arrived..


The first letter of Tomlinson traveled just 100 meters - from a computer known as BBN-TENEXB to a router elsewhere in the building, and then back to the second computer, BBN-TENEXA. The letter has not survived.

Tomlinson came up with an addressing scheme that would identify not only the recipients of the messages, but also the computers on which their mailboxes were located. For this, a separator was needed, and the choice of Tomlinson fell on the symbol "@". When, after many years, he was asked why he chose this symbol, he replied: "I was looking for a sign on the keyboard that could not meet in one name and cause confusion." And he continued: “The“ @ ”symbol (“ at ”, which is consonant with the English preposition at, i.e.,“ on ”) was chosen meaningfully. It shows that the user is“ on ”some other host, and not on the local network. "
Domain extensions, such as com and net, as well as national suffixes, were introduced only a few years later.

In March, 1972. Tomlinson added to its program an elementary user interface that allows you to send messages over the network and download from the mailbox those that are intended for a specific person. Six months later, based on the development of Ray Tomlinson, his colleague Roberts created his program, which, in addition to sending and downloading messages, already had many service functions, such as the ability to selectively read messages loaded into the program and save them in a separate file. In addition, Roberts' program could automatically send replies to certain letters it received. Email quickly gained popularity in Arpanet. It took only a year and a half to take three-quarters of all the information transmitted through this network to occupy messages sent by it.

In 1975, Mr. John Wittal created the MSG program, which includes all the email sending, receiving, and processing functions developed by that time. Vittal's e-mail system and development have been greatly appreciated in government circles.
So, 26 March 1976, the English queen Elizabeth II began to use e-mail.
Happy Birthday Smiley ( ) should be considered 12 April 1979.
In 1981, the rapidly expanding Arpanet was joined by the Computer and Science Network. The European UNIX Network, a network of European computers, appeared in 1982. In 1988, the first mail gateway between the network community, originated by Arpanet (by that time already known as the Internet, i.e. simply “inter-community”), and the network created by volunteers, a feature distinguished by the absence of permanent connections between computers , Fidonet. From now on, users of both networks could exchange letters.

According to Raytheon, 41 a year after the first message from Tomlinson about 1,9 billion people on some days are sent to 300 000 000 000 emails daily.

Tomlinson remains the most well-known email guru and reviver of the @ sign from non-existence, and he cheerfully signs autographs with his name as "R @ y"when asked.

Information sources:
http://www.raytheon.com/;
http://chernykh.net/;
http://www.internethalloffame.org/;
http://en.wikipedia.org/;
http://www.mit.edu/;
http://reis.ustu.ru

Comments

[Hleb]

US soldiers rest in Iraq
(And I remember how we ran to the next tent to the "lucky man" to take turns calling home, sending an SMS ...)

[teves]

Good photo, thanks for posting! And then the impression is that most of the site does not know anything about the US Army, but everyone is trying to comment on something very actively In the photo, American soldiers are resting in the war zone ... How do you like comrades? And how do Russian soldiers rest in the war?
Well, a special thank you for the article, although it looks like a stranger from outer space for the current Russian army! So many incomprehensible and unknown
to the soldier, to sleep, and you all climb with your unknown Internet ...

[biglow]

We are waiting for the story of how the SS wars rested after their operations against Russian barbarians

[Brother Sarych]

So what? Not really overstrained, by the way ...
Here's another question that comes up - how can all this be used to more effectively pinch these "warriors"? This direction should be developed!

[Hleb]

Not really overstrained

fought in Iraq?

another question arises - how can all this be used to more effectively pinch these "warriors"?

how for example? how can I use a computer that a fighter uses during rest?
__________________________________________
that's by the way about what Brother calls

Not really overstrained

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCI4Out7pNE

[Brother Sarych]

Everything can be used, especially if this computer is on the network!
Now I’ll cry from stories about how difficult it was for the occupiers in an uncivilized country, where they brought the light of democracy ...

[Hleb]

Everything can be used, especially if this computer is on the network!

use mine? even if someone in MO has enough "sense" to climb up to me, what will they see from me? what nonsense to write?

Now I’ll cry from stories about how difficult it was for the occupiers in an uncivilized country, where they brought the light of democracy ...

и

So what? Not really overstrained, by the way

What can be found in these quotes? To somehow understand the logic in the comments of Brother Sarych?

[Brother Sarych]

What you need, they will see! And they will see much more than you would like ...
Sorry, but what exactly do you explain? What is it not when soldiers in a combat situation, albeit on vacation, climb into the network?

[Brother Sarych]

From the Bad guys or what, "comrade"?

[Darn]

By the way, if earlier agitlists were scattered over enemy positions, now you can send an email agitlist directly to the email of any fighter. It's economical. All that remains is to get email addresses

[Hleb]

I suggest, today send a copy to the pre-mode administration and we'll see tomorrow at the reaction of colleagues in the "propaganda topic" ... prove, honestly, I will repent))

[Hleb]

What did you want to ask? Actually?

[Num lock U.A.]

but I remember writing letters in small handwriting, by hand, in envelopes, and blue boxes on the walls

[Armata]

Oh, our hackers would have to climb on their networks. At least some benefit for the country would bring

[vpm]

No hacker will do such harm as one traitor. One name: Bradley Manning.

[Busido]

What can I say .... humanity is at the 6th grade level of a school. What it already knows, the flow of knowledge is all dynamic, perception too. But there is no experience and skills yet. We are braking ourselves in development. By war, interclass struggle, squabble, financial system in general they tied up their life not to take a step. Give this student a gun, tell him why he should shoot and where there are no people, and only then when you get away, you won’t wait, there’s no patience, the excitement of the new, will immediately try and the consequences ..... second year!
I know a lot of discoveries were made long before the world wars, but the processes in the world slowed down their study. We dig ourselves. And we could already let go on Mars!))) Yes, and they would have lived as long as nature had laid down, at least 100-150 years. The enemy of mankind, man himself! At any level.
Thanks to Tomlinson for the discovery.

[Internet fighter]

6th grade humanity

Alexander, and you do not scratch all of humanity under one comb. Between some sort of tribo-jumbo tribe and the guys developing, for example, protocols of promising data transmission networks, the abyss in development is not calculated by education classes.

I know many discoveries were made long before the world wars

We don’t really even know our past (and present), let alone the level of development of, say, ahem, previous civilizations.

We dig ourselves.

I do not agree. In science, there are entire layers that fall under the taboo imposed by corporations and the shadow government. And our current lifestyle has not evolved over centuries. Take the same alcohol, drugs, moral decay in society ... All this is not our choice, but the alternative we are offered. The same thing is with the degradation of the educational system.

[Busido]

I figuratively expressed myself, united, for the whole of humanity. In general, the curbstone-yumba, but there may be a nursery far away. The guys are an academy, and the average figure is not only technical, but spiritual, it can be lower. Philosophy is also a science) , all the actions of progress, its scientific advancements are stopped by man himself (humanity). And there are ways ..... there is a choice from alcohol at the individual level to corporations at the global level!

[Internet fighter]

all actions of progress, its scientific advancements are stopped by man himself (humanity)

So if a person himself accelerates in development, then he himself is inhibited and degraded? No, it doesn’t come out like that ...
All scientific and technical developments are carried out in large companies, under the leadership of governments / capital. It is capital that decides how to deal with a particular development, being guided primarily by marketing moves and, of course, the secrecy of development. And it doesn’t matter what it is, alternative sources of energy or electrogravity technology, all this will be put in bins, for various reasons, we are developing ...

[Busido]

But originally there was a man! Capital, government works of homo sapiens! And if without jokes, then this is g .... (finance, kings and presidents), if used correctly, can also be a good invention, but history shows the opposite ..

[755962]

Everyone, of course, knows the main computer icon @, an integral part of an email address. Where did he come from?

History says that the @ symbol was invented by medieval monks to reduce the Latin preposition “ad” (in modern English it is the preposition “at”, which means “on”, “k”, “in relation”). Then, in the 15th century, Spanish merchants remembered him. They used the @ sign as the abbreviation for the weight gauge - “arroba” (approximately 11,52 kg or 25.40 pounds). In the era of capitalism, this sign found a new application - they began to designate the price. So, the @ sign joined the company of other "bookkeeping" signs - #, $,% and with them migrated from the layout of an American typewriter to a computer keyboard. Here he was waiting for his finest hour until the eyes of email inventor Ray Tomlinson fell on him. This happened in 1971 after Tomlinson connected users of remote computers on the Arpanet network. In order to fill out the universal name-icon-place algorithm, Tomlinson needed an icon that would not be found in any name and title. The choice fell on the well-known "dog". Firstly, before that, the @ sign was rarely used on the keyboard. And, secondly, it corresponded to its direct meaning - it replaced the preposition “at”, so that the expression “user @ machine” was deciphered as “user such and such on a computer such and such”.


Why exactly the "dog"? So the @ sign is called only in Russia. Apparently, the English version of "commercial at" ("commercial floor") did not like. Then they carefully looked at the sign and saw in it a curled up dog. There is another version related to the very old computer game Adventure. The game was textual, so everything in it was indicated by various text characters ("!", "+" And "-", etc.). The player was accompanied everywhere by a dog under the @ sign. It is possible that thanks to this game, Runet users began to call the e-mail symbol “dog”. Although there were other options: from the ridiculous "krakozyabra" or "squiggle" to the "frog" or "ear". In different countries, the @ symbol is called in completely different ways, who has enough imagination. For example, in Poland it is a monkey, in Taiwan it is a mouse, in Sweden and Denmark it is an elephant’s trunk, and in Finland it is a cat’s tail. Italians and Koreans are united by the idea that @ is a “snail”, and the Serbs believe that it’s just “crazy A”. In Israel, apparently, they think more about food, because @ they call it "strudel." As it turned out, the Chinese have the least imagination - here @ this is a banal “A in a circle”.

[DERWISH]

Е IF THEY ARE SMART, THEN WHY WE ARE ALL EQUAL TO WIN !!!

[SectoR]

WHO uses email and internet in the army, he will never experience the buzz ENVELOPE Remember yourself in the army, what is news from home. But well done!

[Shumer]

Black humor

[Hleb]

normal humor !!!

[Honory]

Well done beard - a good thing done.