Fighter of the First World in full growth. CH 2. 1915-1916
In 1915 – 1916 further development of the combat uniforms of the European armies - reflecting the specifics of military operations of the First World War.
1. French infantryman, spring 1915
After the battle of Marne, France, more than any other country, faced the urgent need to dress up their army - for a war that, as it became apparent, would last much longer than expected. And the sky-blue uniform was born.
2. Silhouette of a French infantryman.
1. Capi M 1914 simplified type.
2. Anti-gas glasses, which appeared since May 1915.
3. Scarf gray-blue fabric.
4. Overcoat simplified type of new color. Single breasted, on 6 buttons. On the collar is the number of the regiment.
5. Rubberized case for glasses.
6. Steel head protection - lining under the cap. It was used until Adrian's helmet appeared in February 1915.
7. Modified gear to the rifle Lebel.
8. The combat pack of the French infantryman in full packing.
9. Sugar bag M 1892 simplified military model.
10. Liter flask M 1877 in a gray-blue wool case.
11. Culottes of the 1914 M style in pantaloons appeared in combat units at the end of 1914 - the beginning of 1915.
12. The windings, originally intended for alpine shooters, were distributed to the entire infantry at the end of 1914.
13. Boots M 1912.
14. Lebel 8-mm rifle with a 1886 / 93 M bayonet.
3. German infantryman. Western Front, April 1915
German field uniform was also simplified. In the first weeks of the fighting, the red numbers of the regiments were removed from the helmet covers, and the numbers and monograms on the epaulets turned green, and soon disappeared completely. All leather products turn dark brown or black. Ersatz materials began to be introduced (for example, brass was replaced with colored iron). In 1915, the blue uniform is canceled. For the lower ranks, only the 2 type of uniform remains: a gray field uniform and (later appeared) a uniform of considerably simplified cut - the latter was even called not a uniform, but a blouse (Bluse). In 1915, the peaks were removed from the helmets.
4. Silhouette of a German infantryman.
1. A helmet of M of 1915 - pikehube without peak.
2. Field uniform M 1914 - a simplified version of the uniform M 1907 / 10.
3. Blackened belt 1895 M with iron badge.
4. Cartridge pouches M 1909.
5. Unloading.
6. Bag with gas mask.
7. “Smooth” hand grenade M 1915.
8. Sugar bag M 1887.
9. Flask M 1907 in ersatz case.
10. The 1887 M blade with the 1898 / 1905 M sheathed bayonet attached.
11. Trousers M 1914. The gray color became darker, but the red edge remained.
12. Hiking boots M 1866. In 1915, it was ordered to blacken them.
13. Mauser M 1898 rifle caliber 7,92 mm.
14. Bayonet M 1898 / 1905.
5. Italian Light Infantry Fighter - Bersalier, 1915
Like most European armies, the Italian passed through the reform of field uniforms at the beginning of the 20 century. At that time, Italy was an ally of Austria-Hungary and Germany, being impressed by the victories of the last in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. In 1909, Italy, like Austria-Hungary, adopted a new color of field uniform, close to the German fieldgame arr. 1907, but still different from the last - gray-green "grigio-verde". The light infantry or Bersalier, founded by captain Alessandro La Marmor in 1836, was the elite of the Italian army. Light infantry units repeatedly deployed during various Italian 19 campaigns of the 20th century, and their fighters gained a reputation as courageous and enterprising warriors.
6. Silhouette of a bersalier
1. Hat artificial leather with black and green cock tail. Brass emblem placed on the image of a flaming grenade.
2. Uniform M 1909. Bersalieri cloak closes the collar with buttonholes, bearing the stars of the Savoy dynasty.
3. Trousers M 1909 with 2 diagonal pockets.
4. Winding M 1909.
5. Mountain boots M 1912.
6. Cloak M 1912.
7. Equipment M 1907. We see a pair of twin pouches for 6,5-mm caliber cartridges for the Carcano carbine.
8. Sugar bag M 1907.
9. Bayonet M 1891.
10. 6,5 mm. Carcano carbine M 1891. Carabiner was originally a cavalry weapons, but was later issued to light infantry and special units.
7. British infantryman. Western Front, October 1915
The British continued to adapt their uniforms to the realities of modern warfare — now to the conditions of positional confrontation. Especially as a massive (so-called "Kitchener") army, originally formed from volunteers, was deployed on the European continent. The silhouette of a British soldier was changing - influenced by the conditions of a trench war. For example, the standard cap gave way to a soft model - with folding ears and a nazatylnik, which provided better protection for the head from the cold.
8. Silhouette of a British infantryman.
1. Cap M 1915.
2. Field uniform M 1902 (rifle regiments had black buttons).
3. Bag for gas mask.
4. Field equipment M 1914. In total, 50 cartridges were placed in pouches.
5. Rusk bag.
6. Field uniform trousers.
7. A spoon with a fork is an example of non-statutory wearing of cutlery items.
8. Winding khaki.
9. Boots.
10. Rifle Mk 3.
11. Protection of the breech of the rifle.
9. French infantryman. Verdun, 1916
The French infantry entered the battle of Verdun, disguised and re-equipped. The sky-blue uniforms and Adrian's helmet became the “calling card” of the French First World War “Poyal”.
10. Silhouette of a French infantryman.
1. Steel helmet Adrian in the case. Covers existed in two colors: sky blue and khaki.
2. Blue neck tie.
3. Overcoat M 1914 / 15. Insignia - field.
4. The collar of the corporal's overcoat with the regiment number (7 th infantry).
5. Metal cover gas mask TN. Appeared at the end of 1915.
6. Equipment for the rifle Lebel M 1915.
7. Hiking backpack M 1893 / 1914 greenish. Stored spare boots, bowler and other accessories.
8. Rusk bag 1892 M khaki.
9. 2 liter flask M 1877 in a blue case.
10. “Kulot Pantals” M 1914.
11. Winding.
12. Boots M 1912.
13. Carbine Berthier M 1892 / 1907.
11. German infantryman. Verdun, February 1916
The field blouse, which had replaced the field uniform by this time, also had a gray color, there were no colored edges and no cuffs of peacetime. The sleeves turned away, forming a simple cuff. Planck covered buttons. Epaulets - from the same gray fabric (for infantry - with white edging on the top and sides). By the middle of 1916, the leather helmet is replaced with a steel helmet. A gray field cap with a red band was preserved until the end of the war — it was worn in cases when it was not wearing a helmet. Often boots with windings replaced boots. The 184 Infantry Regiment soldier in the illustration already has the silhouette characteristic of the German infantry 2 half of the war - the newest (at the beginning of 1916) steel helmet Stahlhelm, field blouse, assault satchel, equipment items blackened.
12. Silhouette of a German infantryman.
1. Stahlhelm M 1916.
2. Field blouse M 1915.
3. Gas mask M 1915. and its metal case.
4. Assault backpack M 1915. The ends are fastened, giving the satchel a round shape. Attached bowler.
5. Rusk bag 1887 M from ersatz material.
6. Flask M 1907.
7. Individual tool M 1887 - pick and ax in the covers.
8. Bayonet.
9. Belt M 1895. Such cartridge pouches appeared in September 1915.
10. Trousers M 1914.
11. Boots black leather M 1866.
12. 7,92-mm Mauser M 1898.
13. French Alpine Shooter, 1916
Alpine shooters already in August 1914 had a more practical uniform than the rest of the infantry — at least not including scarlet pants. And the shape of the “blue devils” (as the Germans christened the Alpine shooters after the fighting in the Vosges at the end of 1914) did not undergo significant changes - retaining their caps, overcoats and blue trousers with yellow trim. The distinguishing elements of the form were the famous Alpine beret and the uniform of a specific cut.
14. Silhouette of alpine arrow.
1. Alpine beret M 1889 dark blue wool.
2. Blue neck tie.
3. Uniform M 1916. "Vareuse-dolman" gray-blue.
4. Adrian M Helmet 1915.
5. Protigazovy mask M2 in a metal case gray-blue.
6. Equipment for Lebel M 1888 / 1914 rifle brown leather. Included and specific unloading.
7. Alpine camping backpack M 1893 / 1914. To it is attached a lot of necessary things, including alpenstock.
8. Sugar bag M 1892.
9. 2 liter flask M 1877.
10. The pants are gray-blue color M 1915 with yellow edging.
11. Winding M 1910.
12. Boots M 1912 / 16.
13. Rifle Lebel M 1886 / 93.
15. British infantryman, Somme, July 1916
The battle of the Somme, which began on July 1 1916, became a large-scale baptism of the "new" British army. In terms of uniforms, the distinctive features of steel are the steel helmet “Brodie” or “shaving bowl” and a system of colored emblems of the parts, even on the back of a serviceman. In the illustration, a fighter of Company A of the 1 Battalion of the Lancashire Fusilier Regiment.
16. Silhouette of a British infantryman.
1. Steel helmet Mark 1 "Brody", which appeared in November 1915.
2. Field uniform M 1902. The red emblem identifies the 29 division - a veteran of the fighting on the Gallipoli peninsula during the Dardanelles operation (arrived in France in March 1916).
3. Equipment M 1908.
4. Ammunition cartridge for additional ammunition.
5. Antigas mask PH.
6. Shovel. An indispensable thing in the production of trench work, and during trench battles.
7. Trousers M 1902.
8. Winding khaki.
9. Boots.
10. Rifle Mk 3.
11. Bayonet M 1908 / 13.
12. Rifle belt
13. Rifle cutting pliers for cutting barbed wire.
17. Fighter of the Italian Alpine infantry. Italian Front, 1916
15 experimental alpine companies appeared as part of the Italian army in 1872. The Alpines experimented with samples of the new uniform in 1906, in mountainous conditions. They were one of the best units of the Italian army.
18. Silhouette of an Italian alpine infantryman.
1. Felt hat "Alpini" M 1910. In the center of the emblem of the regiment. The color of the pom-pom could have been set by a battalion.
2. Uniform M 1909.
3. Trousers M. 1909.
4. Wool socks. Awarded to troops operating in the mountains.
5. Winding M 1909.
6. Mountain boots M 1912.
7. Equipment M 1907. Visible dual cartridge pouches.
8. Bayonet M 1891.
9. Sugar bag M 1907.
10. Flask M 1907.
11. Gas mask M 1916.
12. Rifle Mannisher Karkano, 6,5-mm.
19. Russian infantryman. Eastern Front, Winter 1916
The Russian soldier had a winter uniform — basically (a tunic, harem pants, a peaked cap), similar to the summer, but from wool fabric. Many items of the winter uniform itself (hat, hood, felt boots, etc.) had no counterparts in the Western armies, favorably distinguishing the Russian infantryman among the brothers in arms and enemy fighters.
20. Silhouette of Russian infantryman.
1. Papa M 1910 natural or artificial fur.
2. Hood. Used at temperatures below 5 degrees. He defended his neck and ears.
3. Overcoat M 1881.
4. Marching equipment infantryman, which included a lap belt and cartridge pouches.
5. Hand grenade.
6. Shovel in the case.
7. Gas mask Zelinsky-Kummant.
8. Cartridge pouch M 1893.
9. Boots.
10. 3-linear 7,62-mm Mosin rifle with a bayonet.
21. Fighter of the French Foreign Legion. Western Front, 1916
Already at the beginning of the war, an influx of volunteers allowed the formation of 4 marching regiments of the Foreign Legion - dressed in standard uniform of the French infantry. In the spring of 1915, the legionnaires received a new blue form. In October of the same year, as a result of heavy losses on the Western Front, one regiment of the Legion remained. At the end of 1915, he received a mustard khaki uniform. Along with the Moroccans, the legionaries became one of the most honored units of the French army during the First World War.
22. Silhouette of a French legionary.
1. Adrian M Helmet 1915. Mustard Khaki.
2. Neck tie khaki.
3. Overcoat M 1915.
4. The legionnaire was awarded the Military and Colonial medals, as well as the Military Cross.
5. Blue wool belt. A typical accessory of a fighter - a veteran of wars in African deserts (it is very cold at night in the desert). Similar scarves except Legionnaires wore and Zouava.
6. Gas mask М2.
7. Equipment for Lebel rifle: waist belt M 1903 / 14, shoulder belts M 1892 / 1914 and 3 pouch M 1916.
8. Camping satchel fully loaded.
9. Sugar bag M 1892.
10. 2 liter water flask M 1877.
11. Kulot Pantals M 1914.
12. Winding.
13. Boots M 1912.
14. Berthier M 8 / 1907 15-mm rifle with a bayonet.
The ending should ...
1. French infantryman, spring 1915
After the battle of Marne, France, more than any other country, faced the urgent need to dress up their army - for a war that, as it became apparent, would last much longer than expected. And the sky-blue uniform was born.
2. Silhouette of a French infantryman.
1. Capi M 1914 simplified type.
2. Anti-gas glasses, which appeared since May 1915.
3. Scarf gray-blue fabric.
4. Overcoat simplified type of new color. Single breasted, on 6 buttons. On the collar is the number of the regiment.
5. Rubberized case for glasses.
6. Steel head protection - lining under the cap. It was used until Adrian's helmet appeared in February 1915.
7. Modified gear to the rifle Lebel.
8. The combat pack of the French infantryman in full packing.
9. Sugar bag M 1892 simplified military model.
10. Liter flask M 1877 in a gray-blue wool case.
11. Culottes of the 1914 M style in pantaloons appeared in combat units at the end of 1914 - the beginning of 1915.
12. The windings, originally intended for alpine shooters, were distributed to the entire infantry at the end of 1914.
13. Boots M 1912.
14. Lebel 8-mm rifle with a 1886 / 93 M bayonet.
3. German infantryman. Western Front, April 1915
German field uniform was also simplified. In the first weeks of the fighting, the red numbers of the regiments were removed from the helmet covers, and the numbers and monograms on the epaulets turned green, and soon disappeared completely. All leather products turn dark brown or black. Ersatz materials began to be introduced (for example, brass was replaced with colored iron). In 1915, the blue uniform is canceled. For the lower ranks, only the 2 type of uniform remains: a gray field uniform and (later appeared) a uniform of considerably simplified cut - the latter was even called not a uniform, but a blouse (Bluse). In 1915, the peaks were removed from the helmets.
4. Silhouette of a German infantryman.
1. A helmet of M of 1915 - pikehube without peak.
2. Field uniform M 1914 - a simplified version of the uniform M 1907 / 10.
3. Blackened belt 1895 M with iron badge.
4. Cartridge pouches M 1909.
5. Unloading.
6. Bag with gas mask.
7. “Smooth” hand grenade M 1915.
8. Sugar bag M 1887.
9. Flask M 1907 in ersatz case.
10. The 1887 M blade with the 1898 / 1905 M sheathed bayonet attached.
11. Trousers M 1914. The gray color became darker, but the red edge remained.
12. Hiking boots M 1866. In 1915, it was ordered to blacken them.
13. Mauser M 1898 rifle caliber 7,92 mm.
14. Bayonet M 1898 / 1905.
5. Italian Light Infantry Fighter - Bersalier, 1915
Like most European armies, the Italian passed through the reform of field uniforms at the beginning of the 20 century. At that time, Italy was an ally of Austria-Hungary and Germany, being impressed by the victories of the last in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. In 1909, Italy, like Austria-Hungary, adopted a new color of field uniform, close to the German fieldgame arr. 1907, but still different from the last - gray-green "grigio-verde". The light infantry or Bersalier, founded by captain Alessandro La Marmor in 1836, was the elite of the Italian army. Light infantry units repeatedly deployed during various Italian 19 campaigns of the 20th century, and their fighters gained a reputation as courageous and enterprising warriors.
6. Silhouette of a bersalier
1. Hat artificial leather with black and green cock tail. Brass emblem placed on the image of a flaming grenade.
2. Uniform M 1909. Bersalieri cloak closes the collar with buttonholes, bearing the stars of the Savoy dynasty.
3. Trousers M 1909 with 2 diagonal pockets.
4. Winding M 1909.
5. Mountain boots M 1912.
6. Cloak M 1912.
7. Equipment M 1907. We see a pair of twin pouches for 6,5-mm caliber cartridges for the Carcano carbine.
8. Sugar bag M 1907.
9. Bayonet M 1891.
10. 6,5 mm. Carcano carbine M 1891. Carabiner was originally a cavalry weapons, but was later issued to light infantry and special units.
7. British infantryman. Western Front, October 1915
The British continued to adapt their uniforms to the realities of modern warfare — now to the conditions of positional confrontation. Especially as a massive (so-called "Kitchener") army, originally formed from volunteers, was deployed on the European continent. The silhouette of a British soldier was changing - influenced by the conditions of a trench war. For example, the standard cap gave way to a soft model - with folding ears and a nazatylnik, which provided better protection for the head from the cold.
8. Silhouette of a British infantryman.
1. Cap M 1915.
2. Field uniform M 1902 (rifle regiments had black buttons).
3. Bag for gas mask.
4. Field equipment M 1914. In total, 50 cartridges were placed in pouches.
5. Rusk bag.
6. Field uniform trousers.
7. A spoon with a fork is an example of non-statutory wearing of cutlery items.
8. Winding khaki.
9. Boots.
10. Rifle Mk 3.
11. Protection of the breech of the rifle.
9. French infantryman. Verdun, 1916
The French infantry entered the battle of Verdun, disguised and re-equipped. The sky-blue uniforms and Adrian's helmet became the “calling card” of the French First World War “Poyal”.
10. Silhouette of a French infantryman.
1. Steel helmet Adrian in the case. Covers existed in two colors: sky blue and khaki.
2. Blue neck tie.
3. Overcoat M 1914 / 15. Insignia - field.
4. The collar of the corporal's overcoat with the regiment number (7 th infantry).
5. Metal cover gas mask TN. Appeared at the end of 1915.
6. Equipment for the rifle Lebel M 1915.
7. Hiking backpack M 1893 / 1914 greenish. Stored spare boots, bowler and other accessories.
8. Rusk bag 1892 M khaki.
9. 2 liter flask M 1877 in a blue case.
10. “Kulot Pantals” M 1914.
11. Winding.
12. Boots M 1912.
13. Carbine Berthier M 1892 / 1907.
11. German infantryman. Verdun, February 1916
The field blouse, which had replaced the field uniform by this time, also had a gray color, there were no colored edges and no cuffs of peacetime. The sleeves turned away, forming a simple cuff. Planck covered buttons. Epaulets - from the same gray fabric (for infantry - with white edging on the top and sides). By the middle of 1916, the leather helmet is replaced with a steel helmet. A gray field cap with a red band was preserved until the end of the war — it was worn in cases when it was not wearing a helmet. Often boots with windings replaced boots. The 184 Infantry Regiment soldier in the illustration already has the silhouette characteristic of the German infantry 2 half of the war - the newest (at the beginning of 1916) steel helmet Stahlhelm, field blouse, assault satchel, equipment items blackened.
12. Silhouette of a German infantryman.
1. Stahlhelm M 1916.
2. Field blouse M 1915.
3. Gas mask M 1915. and its metal case.
4. Assault backpack M 1915. The ends are fastened, giving the satchel a round shape. Attached bowler.
5. Rusk bag 1887 M from ersatz material.
6. Flask M 1907.
7. Individual tool M 1887 - pick and ax in the covers.
8. Bayonet.
9. Belt M 1895. Such cartridge pouches appeared in September 1915.
10. Trousers M 1914.
11. Boots black leather M 1866.
12. 7,92-mm Mauser M 1898.
13. French Alpine Shooter, 1916
Alpine shooters already in August 1914 had a more practical uniform than the rest of the infantry — at least not including scarlet pants. And the shape of the “blue devils” (as the Germans christened the Alpine shooters after the fighting in the Vosges at the end of 1914) did not undergo significant changes - retaining their caps, overcoats and blue trousers with yellow trim. The distinguishing elements of the form were the famous Alpine beret and the uniform of a specific cut.
14. Silhouette of alpine arrow.
1. Alpine beret M 1889 dark blue wool.
2. Blue neck tie.
3. Uniform M 1916. "Vareuse-dolman" gray-blue.
4. Adrian M Helmet 1915.
5. Protigazovy mask M2 in a metal case gray-blue.
6. Equipment for Lebel M 1888 / 1914 rifle brown leather. Included and specific unloading.
7. Alpine camping backpack M 1893 / 1914. To it is attached a lot of necessary things, including alpenstock.
8. Sugar bag M 1892.
9. 2 liter flask M 1877.
10. The pants are gray-blue color M 1915 with yellow edging.
11. Winding M 1910.
12. Boots M 1912 / 16.
13. Rifle Lebel M 1886 / 93.
15. British infantryman, Somme, July 1916
The battle of the Somme, which began on July 1 1916, became a large-scale baptism of the "new" British army. In terms of uniforms, the distinctive features of steel are the steel helmet “Brodie” or “shaving bowl” and a system of colored emblems of the parts, even on the back of a serviceman. In the illustration, a fighter of Company A of the 1 Battalion of the Lancashire Fusilier Regiment.
16. Silhouette of a British infantryman.
1. Steel helmet Mark 1 "Brody", which appeared in November 1915.
2. Field uniform M 1902. The red emblem identifies the 29 division - a veteran of the fighting on the Gallipoli peninsula during the Dardanelles operation (arrived in France in March 1916).
3. Equipment M 1908.
4. Ammunition cartridge for additional ammunition.
5. Antigas mask PH.
6. Shovel. An indispensable thing in the production of trench work, and during trench battles.
7. Trousers M 1902.
8. Winding khaki.
9. Boots.
10. Rifle Mk 3.
11. Bayonet M 1908 / 13.
12. Rifle belt
13. Rifle cutting pliers for cutting barbed wire.
17. Fighter of the Italian Alpine infantry. Italian Front, 1916
15 experimental alpine companies appeared as part of the Italian army in 1872. The Alpines experimented with samples of the new uniform in 1906, in mountainous conditions. They were one of the best units of the Italian army.
18. Silhouette of an Italian alpine infantryman.
1. Felt hat "Alpini" M 1910. In the center of the emblem of the regiment. The color of the pom-pom could have been set by a battalion.
2. Uniform M 1909.
3. Trousers M. 1909.
4. Wool socks. Awarded to troops operating in the mountains.
5. Winding M 1909.
6. Mountain boots M 1912.
7. Equipment M 1907. Visible dual cartridge pouches.
8. Bayonet M 1891.
9. Sugar bag M 1907.
10. Flask M 1907.
11. Gas mask M 1916.
12. Rifle Mannisher Karkano, 6,5-mm.
19. Russian infantryman. Eastern Front, Winter 1916
The Russian soldier had a winter uniform — basically (a tunic, harem pants, a peaked cap), similar to the summer, but from wool fabric. Many items of the winter uniform itself (hat, hood, felt boots, etc.) had no counterparts in the Western armies, favorably distinguishing the Russian infantryman among the brothers in arms and enemy fighters.
20. Silhouette of Russian infantryman.
1. Papa M 1910 natural or artificial fur.
2. Hood. Used at temperatures below 5 degrees. He defended his neck and ears.
3. Overcoat M 1881.
4. Marching equipment infantryman, which included a lap belt and cartridge pouches.
5. Hand grenade.
6. Shovel in the case.
7. Gas mask Zelinsky-Kummant.
8. Cartridge pouch M 1893.
9. Boots.
10. 3-linear 7,62-mm Mosin rifle with a bayonet.
21. Fighter of the French Foreign Legion. Western Front, 1916
Already at the beginning of the war, an influx of volunteers allowed the formation of 4 marching regiments of the Foreign Legion - dressed in standard uniform of the French infantry. In the spring of 1915, the legionnaires received a new blue form. In October of the same year, as a result of heavy losses on the Western Front, one regiment of the Legion remained. At the end of 1915, he received a mustard khaki uniform. Along with the Moroccans, the legionaries became one of the most honored units of the French army during the First World War.
22. Silhouette of a French legionary.
1. Adrian M Helmet 1915. Mustard Khaki.
2. Neck tie khaki.
3. Overcoat M 1915.
4. The legionnaire was awarded the Military and Colonial medals, as well as the Military Cross.
5. Blue wool belt. A typical accessory of a fighter - a veteran of wars in African deserts (it is very cold at night in the desert). Similar scarves except Legionnaires wore and Zouava.
6. Gas mask М2.
7. Equipment for Lebel rifle: waist belt M 1903 / 14, shoulder belts M 1892 / 1914 and 3 pouch M 1916.
8. Camping satchel fully loaded.
9. Sugar bag M 1892.
10. 2 liter water flask M 1877.
11. Kulot Pantals M 1914.
12. Winding.
13. Boots M 1912.
14. Berthier M 8 / 1907 15-mm rifle with a bayonet.
The ending should ...
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