Heavenly designer. On the amazing fate of the pioneer of aviation Saveliev

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"NOVOSIBIRSK GOGOL STREET 49 30 APARTMENT COMRADE SAVELYEVA = DEEPLY DISASTERED ABOUT THE END OF DEAR VLADIMIR FEDOROVICH POCHK TUPOLEV ARKHANGELSKY ..."

This telegram in December 1960 was received by the laboratory assistant of the Novosibirsk Institute of Mining Galina Savelyeva. But who was her husband such that the country's leading aircraft designers led by Tupolev responded to his death?

The ashes of Vladimir Fedorovich Savelyev are buried in the Zaeltsovsky cemetery of Novosibirsk, and his name today has been forgotten. But this is one of those of our mighty nuggets who, with their now incomprehensible heroic labor, gave wings to the Motherland and ensured its victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Heavenly designer. On the amazing fate of the pioneer of aviation Saveliev


In his autobiography, Saveliev wrote:
“Born in 1889 in the family of the railway master st. Elan-Kamyshinsky Saratov region.
At the end of the rural 2-class school in 1903, defined in the technical school. in Saratov, which he graduated in 1908. At the end of tx. student sent to Petersburg, where he worked and studied. In 1909 he got carried away aviation technique. He worked with designers Sikorsky, Polikarpov, Tupolev and Yakovlev.
In 1914, he was assigned to the 2 th fleet of art. Ing. a mechanic. In 1918, he was mobilized into the Red Army, worked in the scientific and technical. Committee Glavduzdukhoflota.
In 1921-1923, built airplanes of his own design. In 1922, assigned to plant number 1 b. Aviakhim, organized design office for the development of weapons.
In 1931, translated ch. designer to factory number 32. For the reconstruction of the plant, I received a car.
In 1938, passed ch. Technologist in the Industry of the Moscow City Council, and later worked (from the beginning of the Patriotic War) Ch. Ing. factory Kr. Stamper and others. In 1952, he went to the city of Pryluky Chern. region, where he worked at the plant PPO beg. experienced workshop.

Upon receipt of a personal pension in 1958, he retired. At n / a time, having rested and regaining my health, I proceed to work again.
Ing. designs V. Saveliev. 6 July 1959 G. "

But behind these stingy lines there is a fate full of dramatic turns of a highly aspiring and unaware person. Unfortunately, much of it is covered by the neck of a secret inherent in the era of our great industrial leap - and the greatest broom of repression. In the line that from the beginning of the Patriotic War, Saveliev was “Ch. Ing. plant and so forth. ”, behind this“ and so forth. ”lie 8 years of detention, from 1944 to 1952. But for what exactly he sat down, no longer dig. Most likely for the same nonsense that his friend Tupolev, and others who have gone through the same circle - and not broken in him, only forever closed his mouth about him.

But evidence of the start of the takeoff journey of Savelyev was found a lot. After the parochial school, where they were taught just to write, count, he enters a technical college in Saratov, already a considerable rise. And next is Peter, where the young Savelyev chose the unearthly of all earthly objects. In 1910, he was accepted as a shareholder in the St. Petersburg Aviation Association, and he began building the first Russian aircraft, including Ilya Muromets, along with Sikorsky.

In 1912, the First Balkan War began to liberate the Slavs from the yoke of the Ottoman Empire. At the request of the Bulgarian Army, a volunteer squadron was formed in St. Petersburg, to which Savelyev signed up. As you can see, not only for the sake of helping the Slav brothers - but also the opportunity to experience the combat characteristics of aircraft on the battlefield.

From the beginning of World War I, he was already absorbed in creating an unprecedented construction — a four-plan, that is, an airplane with four bearing planes. The first project with three engines was approved by the Aviators Commission in the 1915 year, but only the second, single-engine “four-plan Savelyev” took off. Tests of this reconnaissance aircraft took place in April 1916, near Smolensk. The engine had power 80 hp, speed - 127 km / h. According to the commission, the plane was not inferior to the German and British scouts with motors of twice the power. But the car did not go into the series, although the idea was intercepted by both the Germans and the British, who soon began to produce such fourfolds.

The turbulent years of the revolution and the civil war did not draw away from heaven the Saratov nugget, who fought in the camp of Kolchak, and later in the Red Army. At the first opportunity, he continued to work on his four-way plan and in the 1923 year he built a new model that was flying at a speed of 160 km / h. But then Savelyev befell the first major drama of his life.

At the dawn of aviation, no one yet knew what kind of designs for the future. Maholeths, copied a bird's flight, and autogyros, a mixture of an airplane with a helicopter, and muscular jets, and other models rejected by the future, were also built. But their creators served to conquer the skies no less than the more fortunate brethren: only having climbed all the branches of development, including dead ends, it was possible to correctly choose the general path.

And Savelyev story prepared a place among the pioneers of just these dead-end directions. Already in the 20-ies of the last century, the idea of ​​its quadruple was beaten by the superiority of monoplanes and biplanes. And yet he resisted to the last: in 1928, he issued the project of a whole eight-plan, which he fought at night - brilliantly coping with day service.

But his nearly twenty years of work was in vain. The sky was flown by the brainchild of Sikorsky, Tupolev, Polikarpov, who drew a star lot, and Saveliev's drawings went into the archive. But General Tupolev highly appreciated his contribution to the exploration of the unknown and, in 1957, he wrote to the Minister of Aviation: “Personally knowing Comrade. Savelyev, I confirm that he is a major designer and organizer who deserved the right to receive a personal pension ... ”
However, his other development turned out to be the most fruitful and made his direct contribution to our victory in the Patriotic War. Amazingly, he does not even mention her in his autobiography - apparently, considering it to be too shallow next to the main one, albeit a collapsed project of his life. In the same 20, he invented a device for firing a machine gun through an aircraft propeller, which for our single-engine fighters was an exceptional breakthrough. Installation of machine guns on the wings demanded too complex mechanisms and did not give shooting accuracy. A synchronizer Savelyev allowed to put a machine gun right in the cockpit of the pilot and beat enemies with accurate accuracy.



Alas, nothing is known about his other inventions, since he worked in the most closed defense industry. The certificate “On the main work in the field of armament of engineer Saveliev’s aircraft” states that in 1926-29 he was at Polikarpov’s plant “was the chief designer for armament ... -1, I-3, TB-5, TB-4 and Y-1; samples of bomber weapons, synchronizers for Vickers and MF-3 machine guns, a number of photo installations and bomb spreaders ...

All the activities of comrade Saveliev indicate that he is a major designer who made a serious contribution to the development of aircraft armament in the Soviet Union ... ”

But what are all these P-1, I-4 and TB-3, already impossible to understand. Although for sure something extremely important, since the People's Commissar of Industry Ordzhonikidze in 1935, Saveliev was awarded a personal car. Then only the most outstanding personalities were honored with such awards, only a few for the whole USSR.
Judging by the following frequent change of jobs, Savelyev gets into a special Narkomovsky reserve, he is thrown to the organization of the most necessary defense industries. But here he is lurking new and the biggest drama. Some foretell it can be guessed by the same help, compiled in 1957 year by his colleagues. There is such a fragment: “After being independent of comrade. During the break of Saveliev, in May 1932 of the year he was appointed Chief Engineer of the plant No. 32 ... ”

But what is this “independent break”? Obviously not a sick-list, not an abbreviation - Saveliev at that time was too popular, a strategic designer. Only one thing remains: its first, still short landing, is most likely due to the “Shakhty affair”, in which the circle of “specialists” was accused of sabotage in favor of the old masters and abroad. For Saveliev was in connection with both Kolchak and the first helicopter pilot Sikorsky, who emigrated to America after the revolution. There is one more fact of his biography that makes you think so - but about him a little further.

And in 1944, he’s already really burned. There could be any reason: from the mean denunciation to friendship with Tupolev, who served a little earlier, continuing to construct in the sharashka. According to the son Savelyev, who now lives in Novosibirsk, his father was serving a term under Gorky. Subsequently, I didn’t say anything about this, but one can imagine the whole bitter resentment of a man who gave his life to the country and received 8 for his years of detention for this!



But then again the life force of the 8-year-old sitter, who emerged from the dungeons before the general rehabilitation, with the stigma of a criminal, without the right to live in capitals, is striking again. At the place of imprisonment, 60-year-old Savelyev meets a beautiful woman younger than 30. She went through the war as a radio operator in self-propelled artillery, had a lot of awards - and, therefore, saw something in the elderly deprived that immediately brought her with him to the altar.
Then Savelyev is sent to Ukraine, to the fire engine factory, where he, a weapons strategist, steadfastly and without complaining about fate has served 8 for years. After that, fate unexpectedly connects it with Novosibirsk.

The Patriotic war unwittingly became a stimulus for the avalanche development of Siberia, where the mass of factories were evacuated from our European part. In the 1944 year, just as Savelyev scooped up the “black craters”, the Mining Institute was founded in Novosibirsk, the germ of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The director of the institute was Nikolai Andreevich Chinakal, a great scientist and organizer, winner of the Stalin Prize. And then - the winner and Lenin, the Hero of Labor, who achieved outstanding success in the work on coal, oil and other deposits of Siberia. But even earlier - a “pest” convicted in the “Shakhty case”, then re-entering the light road of service to the condemning Motherland.

And this mountainous genius, to which Siberia owes much of its rapid growth, in the 1959 year, Saveliev summoned to himself to organize a design bureau at his institute.

The development of a concrete shield for coal mining according to the Chinakal method became the first capital work of the heavenly designer in the new field. This method, which replaced the miner's jackhammer with an explosive technology, many times during the war lifted up the mining of the coal necessary for the Victory and brought Chinakal the lion’s share of all awards. Saveliev introduced a reinforced concrete shield to replace the former wooden one, for which he received a copyright certificate in 1960.
But soon his life ended in the wildest way. He went to the operation to remove stones from the gallbladder, she was successful - after one small but: they forgot in the stomach and sewed a scalpel. When it was discovered, he was operated on hastily again - already unsuccessfully. And a man of countless perseverance, who passed all earthly tests, created a family in 60, and in 70 successfully started with a clean sheet the career of a mining designer, died 19 in December 1960 of the year from an idiotic surgical error.

The eldest son, Savelyev Vladimir, also worked at the Mining Institute and died in the 1996 year, the same year as his mother. The younger Alexander made a career in science and construction business, now a deputy of the Novosibirsk Duma. He only had childhood memories of his father - and a thin folder of cherished documents.

And that’s why one couldn’t solve one of the most interesting mysteries in Savelyev’s fate: where and how did he become so friendly with Chinakal that the main miner of Siberia demanded the disgraced aircraft designer to himself at the first opportunity? After all, their past lives were far apart geographically: Saveliev began his journey in Moscow, and Chinakal in the Donbas. Then, as it were, they changed their geographies: Chinakala was sent to Siberia, and Saveliev after his release - to Ukraine, where he remained until he moved to Novosibirsk.

But the comparison of two biographies still gives some hunch. Between the Donbas and Siberia in 1928, Chinakal got to Moscow because of the “Shakhty case” and was sentenced to 3 of the year of “strict isolation”. Where he departed this “isolation”, his biographers do not know; his movements in the process of conclusion are all the more obscure.

However, Saveliev in 31 also grabbed that “independent break”. And therefore it seems most possible that it was then that the lines of their destinies intersected somewhere inside the chamber. And at that time already incomprehensible today of geniuses and villains, the great service to the Motherland and the cruel scum, these two tied such a chamber friendship that they did not rust through 30 years. In any case, the very fact of this friendship between the two creators, which united the wings of the Motherland and its subsoil, is obvious.

Today, there are almost no people who remember Saveliev in Novosibirsk. The oldest member of the Mining Institute, Alfred Mattis, retained such memories of him:
- It was a full, bald, very kind person. He loved to walk with his children, but when they asked him: “Are these your grandchildren?” He was very angry: “No, children” ... He seemed to be a specialist of some other level above all others. Sasha called the younger son “an unexpected one”: “I never thought that my son would be born in 64 of the year ...”

Former head of the Savelyevsky design bureau Nikolay Lavrov, who worked at the first boss and then took his place:
- He had clear, bright eyes, just a bright look, like a child. First, he came to us without a family, someone asked him: “What are you doing after work? Go to the cinema? ”He says:“ In the cinema is always the same, he and she, I have already seen this many times. I am reading Homer's Iliad now, any two pages can be read there many times - and everything is interesting ... ”

- He said: “When I was the chief engineer at the plant, Beria once called:“ Why did the main press stop at you? ”I told him:“ He did not stop. ” And then the head of the press shop flies in: “The press has stopped!” And Beria found out about this a minute before me! ”

- He told about Yakovlev: “They come to him with a report, he first takes a folder with documents, watches for a long time how they are stitched, checks whether the edges are even ... Will come to the design department - first looks to see if all the kulmans are standing at attention. For a long time he was a designer and he knew the price of trifles. ” Saveliev worked with Tupolev and Yakovlev, and once let out that Yakovlev helped Tupolev through a denunciation — they had such a competition. And he never stuttered about his repression, as did his friend Chinakal - about his ...

That's actually all that I managed to gather about the amazing designer Savelyev, as if with his childish, illuminated eyes, who had redeemed all the machinations of unrelenting fate towards him. And from his mysterious epoch, which mixed all good and evil, we would take our crystal look and the spirit of flight, which is not knocked down by any earthly scourge, in no less confusing ours. He still, it seems to me, has reached his star!
6 comments
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  1. Svistoplyaskov
    +4
    14 May 2012 11: 36
    Thanks for the interesting article about an interesting person!
    Big +
  2. schta
    +2
    14 May 2012 11: 36
    The red baron on his triplane is just a child! wassat
  3. Georg Shep
    +2
    14 May 2012 12: 56
    The fate of the Russian man through the millstones of the twentieth century.
  4. _Igor_
    +1
    14 May 2012 14: 08
    salt of the Russian land
  5. borisst64
    +2
    14 May 2012 14: 25
    "And Beria found out about it a minute before me"

    I think here it is not a denunciation, but a control over production. The SYSTEM worked.
  6. 0
    14 May 2012 20: 12
    The article is written on conjectures, assumptions, rumors, which at the end of the opus the author already turns into seemingly real facts.
    The author is like pouring mud on Yakovlev A.S. without bothering to make links to sources.
    For which during the war he received hl. engineer Savelyev 8 years of imprisonment, the author does not write, although today this is not a problem to establish. One has only to delve into the archives. The fact that Saveliev was silent about this is his business. But, that’s why he wasn’t rehabilitated (the author says nothing about it) during his lifetime, or in the 90s - this is a question?
    There is nothing about Savelyev’s inventions in the article, except for the synchronizer, and the tunneling shield. It seems that the author is writing an article not about the designer and inventor, but about how a talented person was not allowed to work in the USSR.
    Well, as for the four planes of Savelyev, it is better to read about this plane in the electronic encyclopedia "Corner of Heaven" -
    http://www.airwar.ru/enc/other1/savelev.html