How did Bukhara become a Russian protectorate

54
150 years ago, in June 1868, the signing of a peace treaty with the Bukhara Emirate ended the famous Bukhara campaign of the Russian army, which became an important milestone in stories Russian development of Central Asia. The interest of the Russian Empire in this region was due to several reasons. First, from the territory of the Central Asian states - the Khiva and Kokand khanates and the Bukhara emirate - regular raids were made on the lands of the Kazakhs that had become part of Russia. In order to secure the southern frontiers of the empire, it was necessary to establish control over Central Asia. Secondly, the Russian Empire competed with Great Britain, which colonized India and considered Turkestan (Central Asia) as its natural sphere of influence. Thirdly, Russian trade with China, India and Persia also needed control over the Central Asian routes.

The first goal of the Russian military campaigns was the Kokand Khanate, whose possessions extended to Zailiysky Krai and bordered on the Kazakh nomad camps that were part of Russia. In 1820's - 1840's. The construction of Russian fortresses in the Kazakh lands began. So, in 1824, Kokchetav was founded, in 1830 - Akmolinsk, in 1846 - Novopetrovskoye (Fort-Shevchenko), Uralskoye (Irgiz) and Orenburg (Turgai) fortifications, in 1847 - Raimskoye, and in 1848 - Kapalskoye fortifications. The first expedition to Zailiysky region was undertaken in 1850, and from the beginning of the 1860's. n troops began a systematic advance into the depths of Turkestan, pushing Kokand. In 1865, the Turkestan region was formed, which included a significant part of the territory of modern Uzbekistan. At about the same time that the Russian Empire came into conflict with the Kokand Khanate, the confrontation with the Bukhara Emirate began.





In the second half of the XIX century, the Emirate of Bukhara extended its power to the territory of modern Tajikistan, southern Uzbekistan and part of Turkmenistan. In the emirate, which arose on the basis of the Bukhara Khanate, the rules of the Mangyt dynasty are representatives of the Uzbek tribe of the same name, in turn ascending to one of the Mongol tribes participating in the campaigns of Genghis Khan. In 1756, the Mangytov dynasty replaced the ruling Ashtarhanid dynasty from 1601 in the Khanate of Bukhara, the descendants of Juchi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, who previously ruled the Astrakhan khanate. The emirate of Bukhara was a typical Eastern absolute monarchy with the unlimited power of the emir over its subjects. The main population of the emirate was nomadic, semi-nomadic and sedentary Uzbeks, Tajiks, Turkmen, as well as Arabs, Persians, Bukhara Jews, Kalmyks, Kirghiz, Karakalpaks and other ethnic groups.

All power was in the hands of the privileged Uzbek aristocracy. The customs of the Bukhara Emirate are written in sufficient detail in the works of the famous Soviet Tajik writer Sadriddin Aini. Throughout its history, the Emirate of Bukhara waged constant wars with its neighbors - the Kokand Khanate, the Khiva Khanate, Afghanistan, and the Turkmen tribes. However, the beginning of the Russian expansion into Central Asia was perceived very negatively in Bukhara, because the top of the emirate felt in it a serious threat to its own power and established order.

In the spring of 1865, Russian troops under the command of Mikhail Chernyaev launched an operation to capture Tashkent. On the Russian side, 1300 soldiers and officers with 10 guns participated in the siege and assault on Tashkent, up to 30 thousands of people led by Mullah Alimkul Hasanbiy, the de facto ruler of the Kokand khanate, who had the title atalyk, participated in the defense of 10 guns. But, despite the repeated numerical superiority of the Kokands, they did not manage to cope with the Russian detachment - the difference in combat training and armament affected it. Especially since May 1865 of the year 17 died from a fatal injury to mullah Alimkul. 29 (1865) June XNUMX of the year Tashkent capitulated. Mikhail Chernyaev and representatives of the Tashkent nobility signed a special agreement in which the Russians guaranteed the inviolability of the foundations of Islam and their observance by the inhabitants of the city, while the Tashkent elders promised to completely abolish slavery and human trafficking in the city and immediately release all slaves.

The capture of Tashkent was very dissatisfied with the Bukhara emir Said Muzaffar Khan, who felt in the advance of the Russian troops in Turkestan a serious threat to the Bukhara emirate. Detachments of supporters of the Emir of Bukhara, operating in the outskirts of Tashkent, constantly organized attacks against Russian troops. At the same time, Muzaffar Khan demanded that Russia liberate the conquered territories and confiscated the property of the Russian merchants living in Bukhara. The Russian mission, which arrived in Bukhara to resolve the situation, was insulted, after which the Russian Empire had no choice but to speak out against Bukhara.



8 (May 20) 1866 of the year The 2-thousandth Russian detachment under the command of the military governor of the Turkestan region Dmitry Romanovsky defeated the army of Bukhara emirate in the Battle of Irdjar, having put all the Emir army to flight. Muzaffar himself was forced to flee. The error of the emir was the decision to continue the war with Russia, taken under the pressure of religious circles and nobles. This indicated that the Bukhara elite lacked an adequate perception of the capabilities of the emirate. The emir’s army simply could not resist the Russian army. Already in October, 1866 was taken by Russian troops to Ura-Tube, and then to Jizzakh. Turkestan Governor-General Konstantin von Kaufman offered Muzaffar Khan to conclude a peace treaty, but the Bukharan ruler continued to seriously rely on victory over the Russian troops. He set about collecting the militia, hoping that the Gazavat he had announced would collect many Central Asian Muslims under the banner of the emirate.

While the emir was collecting troops, the Russian army was ordered to advance towards Samarkand - one of the most important cities of the Emirate of Bukhara and Central Asia as a whole. For the performance on Samarkand in the Jizak region, quite impressive forces were concentrated - 25 infantry companies, 7 Cossack hundreds of 3500 people in total with 16 artillery guns. 1 (13) May 1868, the detachment moved towards Samarkand. Emir concentrated for the defense of the city 40-thousandth army, which was armed with 150 artillery guns, though the old and strongly inferior to the Russian artillery. Russian troops waded across the Zyravshan River, after which they rushed to the attack on the Bukharians. Despite repeated superiority, the Bukharians fled, and the residents of Samarkand did not allow the retreating emir's army into the city.



2 May 1868, the Russian troops entered Samarkand. However, on May 30, the bulk of the Russian troops moved from Samarkand for further action against the Emir, and a small garrison remained in the city. This circumstance was decided to take advantage of Bukharians, who 2 June broke into Samarkand. The Russian garrison and the Jews and Christians living in the city closed in the citadel, which they managed to keep until June 8, when after learning about the return of the main Russian troops, the Bukharians retreated from the city. In the battles for the citadel, up to a third of the personnel of the Russian garrison died.

Following Samarkand, the Russian troops took Katta-Kurgan, and on June 2 inflicted a crushing defeat on the Zerabulak heights to Emir Muzaffar. The war with the Russian Empire, as one would expect, was completely lost to the Bukhara emirate, despite the fact that the Bukhara army was dozens of times superior to the Russian troops in terms of numbers, fighting on its territory and could count on the support of the local population. After the defeat at Zerabulak Heights, the emir Muzaffar appealed to Russia with a request for peace. Under the peace treaty, the Bukhara Emirate yielded to Russia very significant lands - the Samarkand, Penjikent, Urgut and Katta-Kurgan bekovies. Bukhara also pledged to pay Russia 500 thousands of rubles of indemnity, allow complete freedom of trade in the emirate for Russian merchants and ensure the personal and property security of Russian nationals in the territory of the emirate. The Emir guaranteed the free passage of Russian merchants through the territory of the Bukhara emirate and pledged not to raise the duty on goods imported by Russian merchants above 2,5% of their value.

How did Bukhara become a Russian protectorate


Thus, in fact, since June 1868, the Emirate of Bukhara has turned into a protectorate of the Russian Empire, and the emir was forced to follow in the wake of Russian politics and submit to St. Petersburg. However, in Bukhara, they soon realized all the advantages that this status gave to the emirate. Thus, the emir began to rely on the help of Russian troops in any conflict situations, including frequent popular unrest. For example, in the same year 1868, with the help of the Russian troops, the emir suppressed an uprising in Karshi bekism and restored control of the city of Karshi. Two years later, in the same way, the uprisings in Kitab and Shaar were suppressed and control of Shakhrisyabz beyism was returned. In 1876, the Kulyab and Gissar Bekships were returned to the control of the Bukhara emir with Russian help, and Darvaz and Karategin were conquered in 1877.

The subordination of the Russian Empire had a positive impact on the economic and cultural development of the Bukhara Emirate. However, the Bukhara nobility and the top clergy were very afraid of the spread of the Russian language and secular culture in the emirate, believing that this would entail a loss of influence on the population of the emirate. But in the changed political situation, Russian cultural expansion could no longer be stopped, especially since it followed the economic modernization of the emirate. Industry, banks appeared in Bukhara, the Bukhara bourgeoisie began to form, whose representatives were no longer focused on blindly following the age-old traditions, but thought more globally, understanding the need for both modern knowledge and proficiency in Russian. The appearance of railways and telegraph lines led to the creation of Russian settlements on the territory of the Bukhara Emirate, in which workers and employees lived. In 1894, the first Russian-native school appeared in Bukhara, and from the beginning of the twentieth century, new method schools began to appear, which combined the study of the foundations of Islamic religion and sharia with the teaching of the Russian language. Conductors of new trends in Bukhara were Kazan and Siberian Tatars, who played an important role in the Russian-Bukhara trade.

Naturally, the gradual modernization of Bukhara society was very frightening to the conservative part of the population of the emirate, who saw in the new trends a threat to religion and traditions. Anti-Russian sentiments in the emirate continued to be supported by Turkish emissaries, as well as agents of neighboring Afghanistan. Shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, Russian agents in the Bukhara Emirate reported to Petersburg that the Afghan presence is felt even stronger than the Turkish one, the Afghans secretly supply the Bukharians weapons, study the situation in the emirate. In the 1910 year, when ultraconservative forces were preparing an uprising against the Emir in Bukhara, the Russian security department found that groups of disguised soldiers of the Afghan regular army were infiltrating into the emirate across the Afghan-Bukhara border.

It is noteworthy that Afghanistan provided comprehensive support to the ultraconservative forces of the Bukhara Emirate, while the “reformers” (Jadids) were inclined to focus on the Ottoman Empire, where in the early twentieth century the “Young Turks” won. Since the Russian Empire did not pay enough attention to the modernization of the education system in the Bukhara Emirate, in order to preserve the existing order of things, the “advanced” Bukharas were guided by the Ottoman Empire and preferred to go on their own and send their children to study in Istanbul. Emissaries operating in Bukhara also promoted the popularization of Turkish education.

Thus, despite the status of the protectorate of the Russian empire and the inclusion in its orbit of its political, cultural and economic influence, the struggle between various political forces focused on Afghanistan, the Ottoman Empire or Russia continued in the Bukhara Emirate. In general, the situation in the emirate was very restless, there was always the risk of the beginning of the next popular unrest, unrest, and the first victims in the event of a destabilization of the situation would automatically be Russians and subjects of the Russian Empire, whom conservative Bukharians accused of all sins and considered the cause of the deplorable state of affairs in the emirate. Therefore, it was not surprising that as soon as Russia found itself in a difficult situation, having entered World War I, Central Asia was seized by a wave of anti-Russian uprisings.

The revolutions in Russia that followed in 1917 inevitably influenced the political situation in the Bukhara Emirate. They brought hope to the Jadids for further modernization changes, while the traditionalists hoped to break free from the influence of Russia and return to the old order. However, the victory of the October Revolution in Russia and the subsequent assertion of Soviet power led Central Asia to the largest changes in its new history, laid the foundation for the political development of the region a century ahead and finally led to the formation of the main Central Asian nations in their modern form.
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  1. +5
    28 June 2018 06: 32
    Well, now in Central Asia the mullahs and those who protect them have strengthened again, and how do they call themselves a second time. Very quickly, both the slave trade and the tribal structure of society returned there. So people flee from there to RUSSIA.
    1. -1
      28 June 2018 08: 38
      if you take old maps from accessible old historical documents, for example, then up to the 19th century, the state of Great Tartaria and its outskirts, Independent and Chinese Tartaria was seen on these maps and atlases. Tartatia Nezavisimaya with the capital in Samarkand was liquidated by Kaufman and Skobelev.
      For example, here is a map of 1817 Fielding on which it is clearly visible that these formations were still present.



      the question arises are all these traditional historians from Karamzin, Solovyov, Shakhmatov, Likhachev, Rybakov — didn’t they see these maps, didn’t they see what Tartaria was? Here, something is wrong.
      1. 0
        17 September 2018 13: 44
        Bar1 "Something is wrong here."
        Yes, everything is so.)))) Everything is normal.)))) Fielding card in the trash and everything will be fine.)))
    2. +7
      28 June 2018 09: 50
      Quote: Vasily50
      Well, now in Central Asia the mullahs and those who protect them have strengthened again, and how do they call themselves a second time. Very quickly, both the slave trade and the tribal structure of society returned there. So people flee from there to RUSSIA.

      Well now, priests and those who guard them again have strengthened in Russia, and how do they call themselves again. Very soon there, serfdom and fellow-protecion relations returned. So people flee from there to the west.
      1. +4
        28 June 2018 10: 15
        Quote: Semurg
        Quote: Vasily50
        Well now in Central Asia ...
        Well now in Russia ......
        I once wrote about renaming and what happens to the monuments of the USSR in the former republics. It's a shame. And now the Basmachi fighters against totalitarianism and without condemning the USSR have nothing to explain the deterioration of life now.
    3. +1
      29 June 2018 19: 37
      Well, now, in Central Asia, the mullahs and those who protect them have strengthened again, and how do they call themselves a second time. Very quickly, both the slave trade and the tribal structure of society returned there.

      From this moment in more detail.
  2. +7
    28 June 2018 07: 08
    Interestingly, did the author ever visit Bukhara?
    1. +9
      28 June 2018 08: 39
      “You should not go around the world in order to count cats in Zanzibar” © G. Toro
  3. +6
    28 June 2018 08: 12
    But victory of the October revolution in Russia and the subsequent approval of the Soviet regime led Central Asia to the most ambitious changes in its new history, laid the foundation region’s political development a century in advance and, finally, entailed the formation of the main Central Asian nations in their modern form.
    Bravo! Great!
    One small question: to Russia and the Russians WHAT did it give? Besides pumping out resources from it to the outskirts and fleeing the Russians themselves from there?
    1. +5
      29 June 2018 09: 38
      Russia and the Russians were given the strengthening of authority as an older people, and not a conquering metropolis. A more equitable organization of the country made it possible to develop this region with the valuable participation of Russians. Russians in Turkestan were prosperous and well-off people. But that’s why your liberoids from the demshiz allowed to cause discord between the peoples in that region, this is a legitimate question.
      1. +1
        29 June 2018 10: 40
        Quote: znavel
        Russia and the Russians were given the strengthening of authority as an older people, not a conquering metropolis

        There was no senior people in the USSR; remember this.
        Quote: znavel
        A fairer organization of the country

        It’s fair to rob the Russian regions and the budget in favor of the outskirts, which did NOT earn this money? fool
        Quote: znavel
        Russians in Turkestan were prosperous and well-off people.

        Where are they ? and why did the grateful brothers cut them out in Tajikistan?
        Quote: znavel
        But that’s why your liberoids from demshiza allowed to cause discord among the peoples in that region is a legitimate question.

        HOW have they allowed, WHO has allowed, if the AUTHORITY HAS ONLY HAVE ONLY YOU? fool
        1. +3
          30 June 2018 15: 19
          Russians were an older nation. All culture and science developed specifically in Russian. Languages ​​of other nations were used as duplicate in national republics.
          A fairer organization is precisely, unlike today’s, in the distribution of resources across all the lands where people live, and not where financial flows take place or something valuable was lost. It is also necessary to better identify talented people. rather than ruin them with a provincial hopelessness. In addition, the suburbs sooo even earned for the country and sooo much was made in them.
          Where did these wealthy people go? Duck your liberoids and surrender them to the local Natsik. Proshutinskaya in the TV-press program for the whole country discussed the question: Do we have the right to interfere in the affairs of sovereign republics when the Russians are being persecuted there? "What was the" correct answer "in this mouthpiece of that era, can you tell?)))) )
          And it was your liberoids that made it possible to do all this when the Communists were driven out of power. And the fact that some of the former party functionaries began to use the new demishizovye parties, suggests that these functionaries were only officials in the CPSU, not communists. Under the Communists, no Nazmen bastard even tried to bark at the Russians. ALL OF THIS YOU ARE ANTI-COMMUNISTS ALLOWED!
        2. 0
          17 September 2018 13: 46
          Olgovich "Is it fair to rob the Russian regions and the budget in favor of the outskirts, which NNE earned this money?"
          Olgovic, as always, has so much pathos.)))) Well, now, what is something different?)))))
    2. +3
      29 June 2018 19: 40
      One small question: to Russia and the Russians WHAT did it give?


      The article is written

      In order to secure the southern borders of the empire, it was necessary to establish control over Central Asia. Secondly, the Russian Empire competed with Great Britain, which colonized India and regarded Turkestan (Central Asia) as its natural sphere of influence. Thirdly, Russian trade with China, India and Persia also needed control over the Central Asian routes.


      These were the main reasons for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the East.
      1. 0
        30 June 2018 09: 45
        Quote: Razvedka_Boem
        These were the main reasons for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the East.

        Thank you, I read the article.
        Now, read the TU part of the article to which I replied.
        1. +3
          30 June 2018 14: 11
          This gave the Russian Empire new lands, a serious weakening of British influence in this region.
          In your emotional reasoning, you forget that the interests of the state and the interests of an individual, almost always do not coincide.
          The interests of the Russian Empire dictated the movement to the East.
          After the revolution, if Russia wanted to remain a single country, it needed to further develop its lands.
          During the Great Patriotic War, many factories were evacuated to Central Asia, and for example, Uzbekistan received more than 500.000 children, many of whom were adopted by local families.
          Well, what happened in 1991 ..
          The Bialowieza Agreement was signed by Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Although the vast majority of the population in the Union republics, with the exception of the Baltic states, voted in a referendum to preserve the USSR.
          In Uzbekistan, our first president, I.A. Karimov, before that he worked in the State Planning Commission and had no idea how to take and break off all relations. Even we introduced our own currency only in 1994; Russian rubles went in the country, because Islam Abduganievich to the last believed that it would still be possible to agree with Russia.
          Therefore, it is not necessary to raise the question so one-sidedly. We, too, have lost a lot, the Uzbek SSR has actually turned into a raw materials appendage and cotton has become a real curse that has broken many fates.
      2. 0
        1 July 2018 20: 24
        Quote: Razvedka_Boem
        Secondly, the Russian Empire competed with Great Britain, which colonized India and regarded Turkestan (Central Asia) as its natural sphere of influence. Thirdly, Russian trade with China, India and Persia also needed control over the Central Asian routes.

        I do not agree with the author of the article, nor with you. The situation is simple - the reality is different. Great Britain NEVER considered Turkestan as its OWN zone of influence, and did not aspire to go there (the basics of the Great Game, if that tells you something). The boundary of interest of two world empires lay precisely in modern Talzhikistan-Afghanistan, both then and now.
  4. +9
    28 June 2018 08: 30
    When forcing along the river Zyaravshan, our soldiers immediately went into battle, and since there was no time, the soldiers poured water from their boots in an unusual way, one soldier raised the legs of the other up, the water poured out, then changed and immediately went into battle. The battle was won, the Uzbeks thought that this "wonderful ritual" helped the Russians in the battle. In the battle on the Zerabulak heights, the Uzbeks also lifted each other's legs up, but they didn’t help, the roofing felts didn’t come out, the roofing felts lifted low, or maybe the outdated guns fought and were fought by an "unorganized crowd", in general they blew the battle, magic did not help.
    1. +7
      28 June 2018 11: 10
      Quote: cobalt
      the Uzbeks also lifted each other's legs up, but it didn’t help,

      And I also liked the story of the Central Asian Shepherd.
      At the local shepherds they were half-starving at the pasture, the Russian soldiers began to feed them and be affectionate, and they mated for the troops.
      When the delegation of shepherds came and demanded to give the shepherd dogs, the Russians didn’t mind, go take it,
      Well, the shepherds did not understand and almost tore those shepherds, so I had to save them.
    2. +1
      28 June 2018 15: 52
      Kobolt, I also remember this episode in the story of Brigov.
  5. +5
    28 June 2018 09: 15
    Bloody steppe predators and slave traders were pressed, and rightly so.
    Russia carried out a great civilizational mission. And gently treated them.
    This is also very revealing.
    And the British have tightened their tail, and this is also good
    1. +8
      28 June 2018 10: 15
      Ordinary colonial wars. All empires, without exception,
      engaged in captures in the 18-19th century. And all against: "predators", "savages" ...
      England: the great mission of civilization. (Kipling: “the burden of a white man”).
      So then sincerely thought.
      The Russians economically developed Central Asia, and the British developed India.
      1. +4
        28 June 2018 12: 17
        Quote: voyaka uh
        The Russians economically developed Central Asia, and the British developed India.

        Railways, bridges etc. - all this was. But the British intentionally destroyed both the light industry and metallurgy of India - so as not to compete with the English! Do you think the mystery of damask was lost in the Middle Ages? Three times ha ha - damask on an industrial scale poured down to the English yoke! By the way, ask why the “two-coin” system was introduced in England (pounds sterling and guineas).
      2. +2
        28 June 2018 13: 39
        It’s a bit like India, you don’t see the essence! WE could not equal Britain in that sense!
        1. +2
          28 June 2018 20: 41
          in the 80s in the ashgabat art museum, where I went to pass the time - I discovered V. Vereshchagin. The guides assured that thanks to the originals and copies they have a complete Asian cycle of the artist.
      3. +1
        29 June 2018 08: 53
        With one difference, the impudent sex of India was genocidal, and the population of Central Asia after entering the Republic of Ingushetia increased significantly!
      4. -2
        30 June 2018 01: 43
        About the British - nonsense. India was more developed without them; on the contrary, they destroyed everything industrial and technical in it that they could.
        1. 0
          1 July 2018 20: 28
          Quote: NG inform
          About the British - nonsense. India was more developed without them; on the contrary, they destroyed everything industrial and technical in it that they could.

          Comrade or gentleman, I really don’t know how to contact you, but you are not at all in the subject, excuse me. Just rave. At least read a little something about British India besides Soviet books for children ... Developed India? Well, well, ask the Indians themselves even today ...
  6. +5
    28 June 2018 09: 33
    Thank you very much for the article, Ilya!
    By the way, it was precisely after the annexation of Bukhara to Russia that the Bukhara people began to send young people to study in St. Petersburg, where the St. Petersburg Cathedral Mosque was built with the money of Seid-Abdul-Ahad-Khan (the son of Muzaffar Khan) and a number of Tatar and Azerbaijani businessmen.
    And now in Uzbekistan, the Russians are the biggest minority!
    1. +5
      28 June 2018 10: 29
      "the St. Petersburg Cathedral Mosque was built." ////

      Very beautiful mosque. I lived there not far ...
      In my childhood, on Muslim holidays, people came to pray there.
      dozen three Tatars in national costumes. We boys
      peeping out of curiosity.
      And now in Ramadan (I saw a picture from a helicopter on the net) around the mosque
      per kilometer around densely dense - worshipers.
      In the 19th century, Russia came to Bukhara - in the 21st century, Bukhara came to Russia ... fellow
      1. +3
        28 June 2018 12: 23
        Quote: voyaka uh
        Very beautiful mosque. I did not live there ... In the 19th century, Russia came to Bukhara - in the 21st century, Bukhara came to Russia ... fellow
        Well yes, yes yes ..... I hear some kind of mockery of Russian politics in the 21st century ---- ????? Or is this a condemnation ????? Or maybe even an unemotional statement of fact? Yes, there are many Uzbeks in the city. This month, 3 taxi drivers told me how long and well they live in St. Petersburg and that Russia is a great country !!.
        1. +4
          28 June 2018 13: 36
          Quote: Reptiloid
          Yes, many Uzbeks in the city

          And in Paris - Algerians, in London - Pakistanis, in Berlin - Turks ... Democracy steers: everywhere corrupt deputies am pass laws beneficial to entrepreneurs interested in cheap and disenfranchised labor! Breivik has a “meta bull garn - a filthy method!”
        2. +7
          28 June 2018 13: 52
          This is a mockery, but not mine, but HISTORY over all the colonialists.
          The French brought Algerians to France, the Russians to Russia - the peoples of Central Asia, the British to England - Pakistanis and Hindus.
          And the Algerian taxi driver in Paris will also say: "France is a great country!"
          Such is life and history ... fellow
          1. +3
            28 June 2018 15: 11
            Quote: voyaka uh
            This is a mockery, but not mine, but STORIES .. fellow
            HA-HA-HA !!!!! I understand this as a mockery of the current government of the Russian Federation, France and the British, there was no talk at all. About the Algiers taxi driver in France --- that's cool! But an Israeli born, educated, or even a degree in the USSR, he is different, just the opposite.
          2. +1
            28 June 2018 19: 21
            Quote: voyaka uh
            This is a mockery, but not mine, but HISTORY over all the colonialists.

            And Germany, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, who have the same problems, who were colonized? Again: in Spain, heaps of Hispanics are not breaking something .... laughing
        3. +2
          28 June 2018 15: 44
          Yes, many Muslims attend a mosque, but it is not a fact that they are such believers.
          In some film, there was such a phrase: "not everyone who wears a skullcap is an orthodox."
          For a long time I know a Tajik in the market, periodically I buy raisins, dried apricots, he wears a sleeveless shirt and shirt without buttons, but he is as faithful as the Balyarin hippo
      2. +1
        28 June 2018 13: 43
        You have a one-sided look and that’s all, why so? Learn how to communicate with Muslims in Russia! It would not hurt you. And you only do nasty things in a cunning sauce. Weak to sit at the negotiating table?
        Yes
      3. +1
        28 June 2018 15: 27
        Warrior, and you do not remember how many people came to the Orthodox cathedrals? In places no more than 1-2 people. Let me give you an example: in 1969, we had only one woman on Sundays walking 8 km to get to the church service. They laughed at her, and then stopped and some found an excuse to give her a lift at least half the way. At that time in our village there were no cars yet, but there were 5 “macaques” (M106 motorcycle) and 1 or 2 Izh Planet 2
    2. +2
      28 June 2018 10: 30
      The mosque was built by his son, Seyed Alim Khan. He was the last emir. During the escape, his harem and his 2 sons were captured by M.V. Frunze. I don’t know about the harem, and the children were brought up in the Frunze family (until his death), and then lived in Leningrad. Both are military. They were banned from entering Bukhara. But hereditary Bukhara people were tracking their fate.
    3. +3
      28 June 2018 13: 40
      Quote: Reptiloid
      And now in Uzbekistan, the Russians are the biggest minority!

      Moreover, completely disenfranchised.
      REALLY NOT THE BIGGEST - just all the other national minorities under Rashidov were written down by the Uzbeks: Tajiks, Uighurs, Kazakhs, Arabs, Persians, Balochs - who were not there ...
      1. +1
        29 June 2018 19: 45
        Moreover, completely disenfranchised.

        Do not carry nonsense.
        Than listen to stories of OBS, come and see.
  7. +5
    28 June 2018 12: 28
    In 1894, the first Russian-native school appeared in Bukhara, and from the beginning of the XNUMXth century, new-method schools began to appear, which combined the study of the foundations of the Islamic religion and Sharia with the teaching of the Russian language.
    The older generation remembers the French actor Robert Hossein (by the way, the first husband of Marina Vlady), at least by the role of de Peyrac in "Angelica". And were you interested in his origin?
    His father - violinist Andre Hossein (1905-1983) - was born in Samarkand and was called Aminolla Huseynov. When he was a child, the family settled in Moscow, where he began to take violin lessons. In 1922, after graduating from school in Moscow, he left for Germany, where he first entered the medical faculty in Berlin, but soon continued to study music at the Berlin and Stuttgart conservatories, adopting Zoroastrianism.
    In 1925, in Germany, he married the pianist and comedic theater actress Anna Minkowska, whose family left Bessarabia after the October Revolution of 1917. In 1927, the couple settled in Paris, where Aminulla Huseynov changed his first and last name to Andre Hossein.
  8. +1
    28 June 2018 15: 06
    Quote: Semurg
    Quote: Vasily50
    Well, now in Central Asia the mullahs and those who protect them have strengthened again, and how do they call themselves a second time. Very quickly, both the slave trade and the tribal structure of society returned there. So people flee from there to RUSSIA.

    Well now, priests and those who guard them again have strengthened in Russia, and how do they call themselves again. Very soon there, serfdom and fellow-protecion relations returned. So people flee from there to the west.

    Quote: Semurg
    Quote: Vasily50
    Well, now in Central Asia the mullahs and those who protect them have strengthened again, and how do they call themselves a second time. Very quickly, both the slave trade and the tribal structure of society returned there. So people flee from there to RUSSIA.

    Well now, priests and those who guard them again have strengthened in Russia, and how do they call themselves again. Very soon there, serfdom and fellow-protecion relations returned. So people flee from there to the west.

    The account is one one.
  9. +3
    28 June 2018 15: 32
    Quote: voyaka uh
    This is a mockery, but not mine, but HISTORY over all the colonialists.
    The French brought Algerians to France, the Russians to Russia - the peoples of Central Asia, the British to England - Pakistanis and Hindus.
    And the Algerian taxi driver in Paris will also say: "France is a great country!"
    Such is life and history ... fellow

    And the Palestinians in Jerusalem will also say: “Israel is a great country” or something else?
  10. +1
    28 June 2018 15: 48
    Quote: d1975
    You have a one-sided look and that’s all, why so? Learn how to communicate with Muslims in Russia! It would not hurt you. And you only do nasty things in a cunning sauce. Weak to sit at the negotiating table?
    Yes

    Or maybe under this "tricky sauce" envy that we have a generally stable environment. Crowds do not run at us with a cry: "Alyochka, I'm at a bar"?
    1. 0
      29 June 2018 22: 34
      Stability is also different - they pushed loans into the people and everything, where are you going to rock? And envy is a terrible sin, but they are not used to it. And the people ((((ours just got tired already. They write about everything except the truth. Yes, and who needs it already. By inheritance posts together with offices. Corruption, theft covered by laws and all that, people just plow and suffer, here you are and stability. There is no work for their own, but DAM wants a quo
      s to reduce, what is it?
  11. +3
    28 June 2018 16: 16
    I don’t know how others, but I only learned from the stories of Brigov and Polonsky on the site in detail how the accession of Central Asia took place.
    I drew attention to the huge imbalance of forces: 40 thousand (!) With 150 guns of the emir’s army versus 3500 Russians with 30 guns, the numbers speak for themselves
    1. 0
      29 June 2018 08: 42
      The royalist most importantly did not say what weapons were defended and what weapons the attackers had. After all, it is important to win and not enslavement, invented arrivals ...
    2. +2
      29 June 2018 13: 01
      "only on the site from the stories ... and Polonsky found out in detail how the accession of Central Asia took place." And the story can be studied according to V.S. Pikul
  12. +4
    28 June 2018 18: 48
    Interested in another, looking at the map. And where is the Kazakh Khanate, and how much of the Russian fellow countryman has again unfastened the so-called “khanate”? a state that has never been. And in the end, we have from the criminal connivance and complete inactivity of the relevant state structures of the second “non-brothers”, slowly and stubbornly, without noise and Maidan, laying down and spreading their legs, under Uncle Sam. Exactly the same persecution of all Russian and the language, the provision of military bases for our bosom, overseas partners, moreover, in the immediate vicinity of our research institutes and missile test sites and cosmodrome, the purchase of diesel locomotives and equipment, the lack of support at international sites. The complete inability of our so-called self-appointed elites somehow solve, even situationally, the problems that arise in protecting their interests, even on their own territory. Yes, all these princes and khans, emirs, should be allowed in Moscow to ask to go to the toilet, not only to open his mouth somewhere, much less to do something without our knowledge, etc., to the detriment of our interests. With the normal attitude of our leaders towards their people and country, with their professionalism and patriotism, it seems to me that pilots from Central Asia and the Caucasus, CSTO states, as well as the MTR under the leadership of our Orthodox, should have flown to Syria.
    1. 0
      1 July 2018 18: 12
      From the number of "shell-shocked on the Kolchak fronts"? winked
  13. +4
    29 June 2018 14: 47
    When materials use hand-drawn maps (not originals) and paintings by artists, especially any events, then confidence in the material being read is immediately lost. Of course, you can use such cards, but only in conjunction with the original, to focus on some point. Well, indeed, now in the age of digital technology, there are already so many “digitized” ancient documents and maps, including that the “sin” is not to use them and not to work with them. And if you look at the cards, then a completely different picture of historical events arises. It could well be that the tsarist troops "attached" some territory to the Russian Empire by force of arms. But were these "alien" territories? There is a big question, which historians and most publicists either bypass or interpret in accordance with the "general line" of orthodox history. And the "orthodox" build their position on the opinions of the "authorities", often completely ignoring archaeological finds and part of the documentary justification of a different point of view, and sometimes simply logic and common sense. I will not speak for the Bukhara events, but here is a GENERAL look at the A (c) Asian part of the continent and in particular Central Asia over the past few centuries, can be traced in a series of articles "Who are you Kazakh? Brother, friend or ..."
    https://wakeupnow.info/index.php/ru/one-menu-fact
    s-opinion / 2843-kto-ty-kazakh-brat-drug-ili-3
    And of course, it is better to read from the very beginning - the present essence of the projection of the past in our time. And in the future too.
    1. 0
      29 June 2018 18: 34
      Quote: Asiat-S
      When materials use hand-drawn maps (not originals) and paintings by artists,

      On the map given in the article, there are significant errors. In the original to which you gave the link, the difference is noticeable that the Sino-Soviet border was different from the pre-revolutionary one.
      The first picture in the article is devoted to one episode that occurred in 1860 during a campaign against the Kokand khanate. Extremely dramatic. The outlines of natural objects have changed, but are quite recognizable. It was in the valley, not in the gorge. Local nomads tried to attack, killed a hired working Kazakh, for which they received an exemplary flogging with a chase. Escape failed.
  14. 0
    2 July 2018 16: 03
    Russian troops wade across the river Zyaravshan

    and the concept appeared to leave upside down !!!!

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