Government of South Sudan draws a map of their country
I. Long armIntegration and globalization are concepts from the past. Even in the European Union there is a crisis - and the French might well have chosen Marine Le Pen, who does not approve of the “European institutions”. So what can we say, for example, about the two Sudans, in 2011, which were obtained from Sudan alone. However, in the “cell division” of Sudanov one can feel a long arm stretching across the ocean.
9 July 2011 in Moscow 1: 10 South Sudan became an independent state - according to the results of a referendum held six months ago, in which more than 3,8 million people participated. (almost 99% voted for separation from Sudan). The referendum was the result of a long civil war in Sudan, which lasted from 1983 to 2005. and claimed about two million Sudanese. In 2005, peace agreements were signed.
On the same day, July 9, in the country 196, which appeared on the political map of the world, there were celebrations in which such famous persons as former US Secretary of State Colin Powell and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon took part. The first recognized newly formed state of the United States, China, Japan and Egypt.
“After such a struggle of the people of South Sudan, the United States of America welcomes the birth of a new nation,” Barack Obama officially addressed these words to the “newborn”.
America is not accidentally noted among the very first congratulators.
What does Washington need in Sudan? The answer lies not on the surface, but in depth: oil. Democracy and oil are a good old whole. The first without the second can not exist. Do not believe? Recently, speaking at the University of Syracuse (New York), Hillary Clinton put it quite frankly: “Diplomacy in the energy sector is a critical factor in our national security, not only in terms of meeting the energy needs of the United States at an affordable price, but also in terms of the role that energy plays in our relations with other regions of the world.”
There is so much oil in Sudan that its reserves are compared to the proven reserves of Saudi Arabia.
And to make it convenient for the States to divide and rule in Sudan, the president of the northern country Omar Bashir was declared an accomplice of world terrorism in America, an al Qaeda sponsor (let's not forget that the latter is the American brainchild) and several other terrorist organizations. Everything, the undemocratic portrait is ready. It is time for the Pentagon to deploy a military base on the territory of South Sudan to fight Al-Qaida and world extremism.
But the separation policy is not so easy to do. You can congratulate the new country on independence, you can even accept it in the IMF and the World Bank. Yes, even in the UN or NATO. You can arrange and so that an ally of the United States, Israel supplied South Sudan weapon (there are persistent rumors about this) for the war with Northern Sudan. Weapons are necessary, because the "tribal" army of the first is much inferior to a more organized and better equipped army of the latter; besides, the army of northerners exceeds the army of southerners in numbers.
Doctor of Political Sciences A.V. Manoilo a year ago писал: “In the conflict in South Sudan, which could be attributed to internal conflicts, the following details draw attention: this is the very duration of the armed conflict; a significant scale of armed clashes, which at times developed into real hostilities, with the participation of the Sudanese army, which is opposed by very combat-ready and built on the same army principle of uniting black rebels; a huge number of victims, which makes it possible to reasonably talk about the civil war in South Sudan, not as an internal interethnic conflict, but as a systematic and systematic genocide of the local population by the authorities. And all this happens on a relatively small territory of not the largest African state. This fact itself suggests that this conflict would have been extinguished for a long time or would have been eliminated by the combined efforts of the peacekeeping contingents of neighboring African states, if it had not been very actively and actively fed from outside. So, the facts of large-scale arms deliveries to Darfur rebels are widely known: one of these channels was accidentally discovered as a result of uncoordinated actions of pirates in the Gulf of Aden, when a whole arsenal of weapons (including heavy ones) was discovered on the Faina’s Ukrainian transport captured by them: tanks and anti-aircraft systems), capable of arming a small army. As the investigation showed, the smuggled cargo of weapons was intended for the rebels of South Sudan. To organize such a channel for the supply of weapons and heavy military equipment, including air defense systems, which are so necessary for the rebels to protect against army raids aviation and attack helicopters of the Sudanese army, only one of the great powers that have a vital interest in this region could: too high a level of organization and coordination can be seen in this complex operation of illegal transfer of weapons, which the rebels probably received more than once through this channel. And the cost of the batch of weapons discovered at Faina is such that the rebels could not even make an advance payment for it. All this leads to a simple thought: the war in Darfur is blazing, because it meets the interests of at least a few of the largest players in world politics, today waging an irreconcilable struggle for political power over the world and for control of world energy reserves. That is why the conflict in Darfur should be considered not in the narrow sense, as an ordinary internal interethnic conflict, but in the global political coordinate system, as the point at which the interests of the world's largest political forces converge, making South Sudan a kind of training ground and springboard for the approaching mortal battle for Africa, which will become a new territorial and energy redistribution for the black continent. "
Jewish.ru reports:
“Sudanese newspaper Al-Intibaha claims that during the last week, Israeli aircraft with weapons, ammunition and African mercenaries are landing at 15.00 at the airport in the city of Rubkona in the north of South Sudan daily.
According to the newspaper, "Israeli organizations" are actively arming the army of Southern Sudan, engaging in its supply and providing instructors. At the same time, the publication does not specify which particular organizations are being discussed. ”
Weapon weapons and separation by separation, but here is the old legacy - historical, so to speak, interferes with American democracy in South Sudan. There are several of them, and they are all serious.
The fact is that at Juba, which has the largest oil reserves, after being disconnected from Khartoum, transport and at the same time economic dependence on the latter was formed. The transit of petroleum products goes from South Sudan through the territory of Sudan: there is one oil pipeline. This problem is of the kind of those that still torment the former republics of the USSR. And the northerners, in order to regain at least some of their former incomes, decided to raise the price for transportation, thus acting in the unsightly role of a "pure monopolist."
In such a situation, diplomacy is powerless - even though there was an attempt to negotiate compensation for oil revenues. Therefore, in April, Southerners invented 2012 to invade the oil-bearing border region of Heglig (about 55% of all oil reserves of northerners, 60 thousands of 115 thousands of barrels mined by Sudan), officially belonging to the territory of northerners (this is recognized by the international community). Southerners were going to attack Abei, another oil-bearing region located a hundred kilometers from Heglig, but this idea was postponed, apparently because they had failed with Heglig.
Hegligsky winner Omar Bashir said earlier that he would not give even a piece of land to anyone, and if someone extends his hand to Sudan, then this hand will be cut off. In Africa, you know, no joke. The leaders of South Sudan, he said, are insects to be destroyed. Bashir plans to "liberate the people of South Sudan from their rulers." His words are still known: “Either we enter Juba and take everything for ourselves, or they enter Khartoum and take over everything”.
But the words of Salva Kiir, President of South Sudan, told by the UN Secretary General in response to the latter’s request to stop the attack on Heglig: “I’m not your subordinate to execute your orders”. M. Yusin, Kommersant columnist, пишет: “According to experts, this behavior of Mr. Kiir is explained by the fact that he is confident in the unshakable support of the United States, who helped the southerners in their struggle against the“ dictatorial regime in Khartoum ”. It is the Americans who are considered the main architects of the independence of South Sudan. There are persistent rumors that in the territory of the new state, over time, the US military base will appear - the largest in Africa. And although Washington and London condemned the seizure of Heglig by South Sudanese troops, the authorities of Juba are sure that the West will not put serious pressure on them. ”
It is clear that in such a situation, northerners and southerners are unlikely to quickly cool down. However, they do not cool down with 1983 of the year.
Potential miners could solve the problem of transporting oil economically - that is, not an exhausting and costly war designed to win, but by building an oil pipeline that would extend from Cameroon to Kenya, bypassing the northern territory of Sudan, but connecting the South Sudanese fields to Lamu Port in Kenya on the coast of the Indian Ocean. In Kenya, oil was recently found, which the British, brothers of the United States on ideology, will extract, and building a new oil pipeline would be in the hands of fraternal American corporations that are targeting oil from South Sudan.
In general, it is difficult to assume that Juba would have invaded Sudan without strong backers. Yes, the United States condemned the April military operations of the southerners, but this diplomatic condemnation of a penny is not worth it. The USA and Bahrain periodically criticize, and the EU - periodically criticizes Latvia for its more than three hundred thousand “non-citizens” - so what? Woz and now there. For example, here with Syria is a completely different story (and earlier there were other stories with Iraq and Libya), and everyone understands why.
Another hindrance in US South Sudanese activities is China. The PRC is located between two fires - in the economic sense: the Chinese, from the time of united Sudan, invested funds in the development of oil production in the south and in its transportation to the northern ports and concluded multi-billion contracts. But since the beginning of the military operations of the two Sudans, neither oil extraction nor pumping has been carried out, which China doesn’t like very much, and therefore it calls on northern and southern Sudanese for diplomacy and peacefulness. On the restoration of Heglig will take, according to many experts, about three months. At the same time, Beijing cannot but understand that the interests of the star-striped democrats are visible behind the South Sudanese military actions. Therefore, Washington gets here more complications in relations with Beijing, which already seems to him a dangerous rival, because of which the Americans have to strengthen their military presence in the APR. (In the US, military spending is declining, but not at the expense of being in the APR; Barack Obama said this not so long ago).
The third obstacle for America is Russia. This is about as in Syria. Moscow is one of the main and traditional suppliers of weapons for the army of Omar Bashir. If the economy of Sudan collapses, Moscow will lose another weapon market, which may serve as another reason for cooling its already cool relations with Washington, which have recently significantly reduced the temperature due to European missile defense, and even earlier because of Damascus.
At the February briefing, the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation A. Lukashevich, answering the question of how the Russian side relates to the fact that the weapons supplied to the Government of Sudan can be used against the civilian population in Darfur, said: “Arms are supplied to the government of Sudan on the basis of relevant intergovernmental agreements that provide for a mechanism to control the end-user of Russian military products.”
Western human rights activists blame Russia for the fact that it is fueling the Sudanese conflict:
“The human rights organization Amnesty International has published a report that contains data on Russian and Chinese arms shipments to Sudan, bypassing UN resolutions, Riccardo Nuri writes in an article published in the Corriere della Sera newspaper.
"The conflict in Sudan continues thanks to Russia and China and their military supplies bypassing the UN embargo," the newspaper writes.
“Thanks to helicopters, airplanes, ground-to-air missiles, armored personnel carriers and a large amount of ammunition from Moscow and Beijing (and also partially from Belarus), the report of Amnesty International says that the Sudanese army and armed forces supported by the Khartoum government continue to terrorize the population of Darfur . Only in 2011, about 70, thousands of people were forced to flee their homes as a result of armed attacks by the Sudanese armed forces and military formations against the Zaghawa people, ”writes the author of the article.
“The conflict in Darfur does not stop, primarily because of the weapons supplied from abroad. Russia and China are selling it, fully aware that it will fall into the hands of rapists and murderers. Armed opposition groups operating in Darfur often use weapons recaptured from the Sudanese military, ”writes the author of the article” ("Inopressa").
Thus, Moscow is to blame for everything. And Beijing. Not about the Russian stumble the American, so about the Chinese.
There is global capital and a small backup option - the rebels, who concentrated in the west of Sudan - in Darfur - and carried out democratic attacks from there. On the morning of May 9, the rebels captured the town of Giraid in this region and destroyed the entire military garrison there, and also seized weapons depots. The goal of the militants is to overthrow the regime of Omar Bashir. In order to achieve this goal, they intend to capture all the cities of Sudan until they reach its capital, Khartoum. Khartoum believes that Juba supports the rebels in Darfur, and Juba does not recognize ties with the rebels. However, Khartoum also allegedly sponsors insurgents operating in South Sudan.
And then there's Uganda. There, it has been said lately that the omnipresent Khartoum is funding its rebels (Uganda itself supports South Sudan) - and in response to these conversations Sudan 8 May informed the UN and the African Union that henceforth their direct flights between the base base in Uganda and Darfur will be stopped - let the planes fly through Khartoum. Flight range will increase, and the cost of flights will increase significantly. Bashir’s strategy is a bit like the successful strategy of Iran’s President Ahmadinejad: he himself imposed sanctions against the EU in response to economic sanctions, cutting off some oil.
However, the option with the rebels' undermining activity seems so far unlikely due to the relative weakness of the rebels. The rebels operating in Sudan and intending to seize "all cities" can only be viewed as an auxiliary force, from within the destabilizing situation in Sudan, from which refugees fleeing from hostilities and the famine that began, go to South Sudan.
Ii. From the roadmap to the map of the country - one stepOn May 2, the UN Security Council unanimously approved a resolution on the border confrontation of two Sudans. The UN threatens with sanctions - in case of non-termination of military actions and violence from both sides. The resolution endorsed the conflict resolution plan previously proposed by the African Union.
In the following days, South Sudan, and after it, and Sudan, officially adopted a peace plan - the so-called “road map”.
This “map” obliged the conflicting parties to sign a peace agreement before 8 in August 2012. Territorial and border disputes and discrepancies in the issues of oil production and transportation should be resolved. Interestingly, since 2011, when the Sudans split, they did not draw a demarcation line - and, by the way, their border is 1800 kilometers.
Omar Bashir approved the African Union peace plan with one condition (almost like Bashar Asad - Kofi Annan's plan): the northern side reserves the right to self-defense if the southerners continue the fighting. Khartoum strongly recommended Juba to leave the border areas, because of which there was a fussy.
But already 5 in May Sudan accused its southern neighbor of violating the terms of the truce. Quote:
“We support the plan of the African Union, approved by the UN. We did not commit any hostile actions against South Sudan. But we draw the attention of the world community to the fact that the troops of Southern Sudan are still in some areas in Sudan, ”said the representative of the Sudanese army Al-Savarmi Khalid, Reuters reports. These are the Kafen Debba and Samaha areas in southern and eastern Darfur.
Representatives of South Sudan rejected allegations from a neighbor. “Kafen Debba was used by the rebels as an area to attack us. We remind you that this area is part of the western district of Bar al-Ghazal, which belongs to South Sudan, ”said a spokesman for the army of South Sudan, Philip Ager” (RBC).
In short, defining boundaries is not an easy task. Understanding this simple truth, South Sudan decided to take the path of Alexander the Great: not to untie, but to cut. And instead of a “road map”, he offered his northern neighbor ... a political map.
So that between friendly neighbors, reconciled by the UN and the African Union, there were no more contradictions, not even disagreements, South Sudan took and approved 5 in May a new map of his country, to which he added the "controversial" Heglig - not so much his , the one where the oil deposits are located (six areas). This is called: fraternal sharing.
And now, on the map of South Sudan, the oil-bearing areas of Heglig belong to the possessions of Juba, and on the map of the northern neighbor - to the possessions of Khartoum. And if the troops of the northerners will be in these areas, the southerners will record the invasion of their territories, and if the troops of the southerners are found there, then the northerners will be indignant. Having drawn a map, the South - apparently, by the law of the first, - hastened to declare these areas "occupied territory".
The point is for America. Madut Bier Yel, Minister of Telecommunications and Postal Services of South Sudan, has already given States hint: “The map of South Sudan includes six regions — territories that were illegally annexed by Khartoum in the 70s after the discovery of oil there, including a part of Heglig-Pant.” So the minister told local television. That is, we are talking about the restoration of historical justice, and what kind of democracy without historical justice? And the oil companies will get more American companies, and the Russians will finally lose the impoverished Khartoum, which the reinforced “rebels” will probably finish off. The Americans missed the disgruntled Chinese who had invested in the Sudanese oil fields, but sometimes they missed something.
That is why there has not yet been a demarcation line between Sudans. Heglig's oil should go to the Southerners. That is America.
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