Sports in the Middle Ages

175
Did people play sports in the Middle Ages? Of course you did! Challenging in humans in the blood. And besides, it was necessary to prepare for war. English peasants from childhood learned to shoot a bow. And at first the boy had to learn to stand, holding in the outstretched hand ... a stone. At first it is easier, then heavier. Only after that they learned to shoot. People ran, jumped, raised stones, fought. But the game of the now popular hockey in England of the XIV century was banned, because it was believed that it distracts commoners from archery!

The fight was generally very popular since ancient times. It is known that there is even the so-called Greco-Roman wrestling, the purpose of which is to lay the enemy on the ground.



Sports in the Middle Ages

The letter "C", inside of which are depicted two fighters (manuscript from Oxford, 1-th quarter of the XIII century). (British Library, London)

Although the name "Greco-Roman" implies a connection with the classical past, it is now believed that this form of wrestling was developed by Napoleon's soldier Jean Ekbrayat (hence the other name for this sport "French Wrestling"). In any case, this kind of struggle is depicted in many old books. Very often images of wrestlers were placed in the title of texts inside letters or as separate illustrations.


The struggle of Hercules and Achilles from the French translation of Ovid's Metamorphosis (Netherlands, last quarter of the 15th century). (British Library, London). Please note that the miniaturist has depicted wrestlers dressed in armor, but only on their feet. Either he never saw people engaged in wrestling, which is not very likely, or he decided in this way to show that these are ... not simple people!


The image of the fighters in the copy of Aristotle's Freedom of Nature (England, third quarter of the 13th century). (British Library, London) Here we already see something completely different. At the fighters, only one tied up bra, that is, medieval cowards.

It was possible to fight not only with a man, but even with an angel. For example, the image of Jacob and the angel, known at once from two manuscripts from England and Catalonia.


Jacob wrestling with an angel (Oxford, 1-th quarter of the XIII century). (British Library, London)


Jacob wrestling with the angel. "Golden Haggadah" (Catalonia, the second XI century). (British Library, London)

Among the knightly class, high results in speed and agility, but not achieved astride, and even more so without armor, were valued little. From the knight tournaments, for example, ball games and even such forms of military training as running in armor and weapons or martial dance, which played a very important role in ancient times. However, from the middle of the XIV century, when archery and the actions of foot soldiers again came to the fore, the methods of their combat training also changed. However, the basics of the knightly physical culture did not affect all this.

In other respects, the norms of knightly physical culture were organically linked with the scholastic ideas of medieval knightly orders, which found expression in the so-called seven free arts and in the doctrine of the seven virtues that should be followed. The founder of the Templar order, who lived in the 9th century, a French knight from Provence Godfroy de Prey, believed that the order's brothers should have seven skills, for the number seven is magical and brings happiness. Therefore, the young men of the knightly class must learn: 1) ride well, 2) swim, 3) know how to hunt, 4) shoot with a bow, 5) fight with different types of weapons. In addition, they should have been taught: 6) entertaining outdoor games and ball games, since it was popular with the nobility and was required for court service, as well as 7) the art of versification and declamation necessary for any court man with good manners, and basic dance moves. In terms of physical education, these seven knightly skills remained a model for many centuries.

By the way, then everyone was engaged in wrestling. Both kings and commoners. And in the same way everybody shot a bow. And kings, and simple peasants. But ... not at war. Rather, in the war just the peasants were allowed to shoot a bow. That know could use the bow only in the hunt and as a sports projectile. But again - remember Maurice Druon's novel “Damned Kings” ... When one of Philip the Beautiful's heirs shoots pigeons from a bow in a barn, this causes a negative reaction from his entourage - “peasant occupation”. The feudal lord, as well as his wife, were supposed to hunt: he is with a falcon, she is with a falcon. Moreover, he could hunt with a falcon, why not. But, as is the case with the length of the train on the dress, it was painted who had the right to hunt with which bird, so it wasn’t enough to forget about its place on the feudal ladder.


Frederick Falconry II. Thumbnail from the famous "Menesky Code." Stored in the library of the University of Heidelberg.

Thus, the emperor hunted with an eagle, the English king or queen with an Irish gyrfalcon, a noble seigneur - for example, a lord with a peregrine falcon, a noble lady with a hawk, a simple baron with a buzzard, and a “knight of a single shield” with a sacker ( "). His squire could afford a lanner (Mediterranean falcon), and the free yomen in England had the right to hunt to a goshawk. The priest (well, is he worse than others?) Was also supposed to be a hawk, but ... a sparrowhawner. But even a simple serf could afford to hunt with ... a kestrel or a hand ferret! And it was also a good sport, because they hunted on horseback, which certainly developed riding skills! By the way, falconry was the favorite entertainment for ladies at that time.


Sometimes medieval miniaturists piled up continuous absurdities in their drawings. However, they become clear if we look at what they have illustrated. For example, this is a thumbnail fromStories Trojan War. 1441. Made in Germany, this manuscript is today in the German National Museum in Berlin. On it we will see a knight in the tournament helmet “toad head”, which shoots from a bow (!), There is a knight with a terrible curved sword, but the funny thing is the equestrian crossbowman, who has a crossbow with a stirrup in his hands. That is, it was possible to charge it only by getting off the horse! Well, the artist could not imagine how authentic Paris and Menelaus were dressed, so he drew everything that would come to his mind!


But in the Middle Ages not only men but also women shot from a bow. A detail of a scene depicting a lady shooting a bow at a rabbit. Miniature from the second quarter of the XIV century manuscript. (British Library, London)

Archery was officially recognized as the sport of England in the XIV century, when all men between the ages of 7 and 60 had to take part in shooting competitions in order to defend the kingdom at any time. Meanwhile, the first organized archery contest was reportedly held in London only in the 1583 year, and more than 3000 spectators came to it.


However, why be surprised if the bow and crossbow for a long time dominated the battlefield. For example, here on this miniature from the "History of France" of the XIV century (National Library of France, Paris) the city was stormed during the Hundred Years War, and who is leading it? Warriors armed with pole arms and swords, supported by archers and crossbowmen. And here the artist was not stingy on the details. There are kneecaps, brigands, and helmets of the “French Salad” type. And a crossbow with a collar (and the gate itself, lying on the ground) is very clearly drawn. It is interesting that the moment is depicted when the defenders of the city opened the gates and decided on a sally, while the warriors entrenched on the towers are preparing to throw at the attackers jugs, stones and even a large wooden bench!


But this is a comic image of a monkey shooting a butterfly. French copy of the XIV century "History of the Holy Grail." (British Library, London)


Detail of the miniature of the so-called Sicilian Games, which included boat races, wrestling, running and shooting competitions. The fifth book, The Aeneid, between 1483 and 1485. (British Library, London)


It was possible to shoot a bow and “just like that,” but then the shooter risked getting a bowstring at his wrist. Therefore, it was customary to wear a special shield of thick leather, wood or bone. In the latter case, such shields became real works of art. For example, like this one - from the Museum of the Medieval War at Castelnos Castle in Perigord. Interestingly, this shield dates from the XVI century, that is, bows at this time still continued to be actively used!
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175 comments
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  1. +2
    20 March 2018 05: 23
    "Sports in the Middle Ages"?
    Or "Sports in the Middle Ages in England"?
    1. +3
      20 March 2018 07: 07
      Everything has its time, the time to collect stones and the time to scatter them, the time to hug and the time to evade hugs ...
    2. +1
      20 March 2018 08: 08
      Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.
      1. avt
        +6
        20 March 2018 08: 17
        Quote: Artek
        Sport is a Russian word dispute

        And the ATHLETE is ... from the SPORTS CHANGE. wassat It happens . bully
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 08: 30
          Quote: avt
          Quote: Artek
          Sport is a Russian word dispute

          And the ATHLETE is ... from the SPORTS CHANGE. wassat It happens . bully


          don't know what is men? problem. laughing
          1. avt
            +3
            20 March 2018 08: 33
            Quote: Artek
            problem

            No problem! Here we take it straight
            Quote: Artek
            I bet I'll make you, put it on the shoulder blades?

            And by analogy to them. Zadoronova easy movement of the pants turn into
            Quote: Artek
            this is a Russian word
            MEN ... it's a bargain.
            Quote: Artek
            I bet

            exchanging! wassat
            Quote: Artek
            I bet.

            bully
            1. +1
              20 March 2018 08: 35
              Quote: avt
              Quote: Artek
              problem

              No problem! Here we take it straight
              Quote: Artek
              I bet I'll make you, put it on the shoulder blades?

              And by analogy to them. Zadoronova easy movement of the pants turn into
              Quote: Artek
              this is a Russian word
              MEN ... it's a bargain.
              Quote: Artek
              I bet

              exchanging! wassat
              Quote: Artek
              I bet.

              bully


              on the stage, rather, like you there are successful, plebs entertain.
              1. avt
                +4
                20 March 2018 08: 36
                Quote: Artek
                on the stage, rather, like you there are successful, plebs entertain.

                bully Yes, I would raise the dough, BUT the place is taken by a specific, “brow”, the first in line standing on it
                Quote: Artek
                Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.

                bully
                1. +2
                  20 March 2018 08: 39
                  Quote: avt
                  Quote: Artek
                  on the stage, rather, like you there are successful, plebs entertain.

                  bully Yes, I would raise the dough, BUT the place is taken by a specific, “brow”, the first in line standing on it
                  Quote: Artek
                  Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.

                  bully

                  would you even brush your teeth or something.
                  1. avt
                    +4
                    20 March 2018 08: 46
                    Quote: Artek
                    would you even brush your teeth or something.

                    bully And it's all? Hello baby? bully About pop numbers more reluctance? Well, go - do not litter the site.
                    1. +1
                      20 March 2018 08: 47
                      Quote: avt
                      Quote: Artek
                      would you even brush your teeth or something.

                      bully And it's all? Hello baby? bully About pop numbers more reluctance? Well, go - do not litter the site.

                      you go yourself
                      1. avt
                        +1
                        20 March 2018 10: 20
                        Quote: Artek
                        you go yourself

                        bully
                        Quote: Artek
                        I bet.

                        Himself ..... well, further it is known. bully Okay . Moderators, I appeal to you, I will definitely litter more on the branch. bully
          2. +2
            20 March 2018 13: 49
            Quote: Artek
            don't know what is men?

            Wai! Men (man) - this, in the Türks: "I"! And you, dear man, what did you mean? laughing
            1. +1
              20 March 2018 14: 46
              Quote: HanTengri
              Quote: Artek
              don't know what is men?

              Wai! Men (man) - this, in the Türks: "I"! And you, dear man, what did you mean? laughing

              men he is men, what is not clear?
      2. +3
        20 March 2018 11: 07
        Quote: Artek
        Sport is the Russian word for debate. I bet I'll make you, put it on the shoulder blades? I bet

        Yeah? belay Here it is! what And I thought that "sport" is a transliteration of the Aglitz "sport"! fool
        1. 0
          20 March 2018 14: 47
          Quote: Nikolaevich I
          Quote: Artek
          Sport is the Russian word for debate. I bet I'll make you, put it on the shoulder blades? I bet

          Yeah? belay Here it is! what And I thought that "sport" is a transliteration of the Aglitz "sport"! fool


          you uncle even if the origin of the word _sport_ looked, but somehow it was imported in foreign countries.
          1. +6
            20 March 2018 15: 58
            I don’t need such ignorant and boorish "nieces" ... look for another "uncle"! fool
      3. +10
        20 March 2018 13: 28
        Quote: Artek
        Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.

        Certainly Russian.
        But your interpretation is somehow painfully straightforward.
        I offer more elegant and subtle.
        1. Sport - from the word "mate". Men boasted of their achievements in terms of the female sex, who mated with whom, the most active in this area were called "spartive." Hence the word. So to say, "achievement achievements".
        2. Sport - from the word "ports", that is, pants. In ancient Russia there was a custom, adopted later by the ancient Greeks with their Olympiads, to compete naked. Before the start of the competition, athletes removed the ports and put them near the arena, at the end of the competition the winner collected the ports of the losers and went home "with the ports" as a reward.
        3. Sport - from the word "steal". A lot of people gathered in the crowd to watch the competitions of athletes in ancient Russia, the thieves were operating in the crowd and at the end of the competitions the audience found out from whom that “fucked up”. My wallet is fucked up, my horse is fucked up, etc. Here he is our national "fucked."
        wassat wassat wassat
        You know, Artek, do not consider it a grievance, but I would advise you to stop practicing keyboard handles, but to go and get acquainted with at least one lecture by prof. Andrei Anatolyevich Zaliznyak (the smartest person was very sorry that he was no longer with us), perhaps if I do not overestimate your capabilities, the information received will at least discourage you from engaging in applied linguistics.
        1. +5
          20 March 2018 13: 40
          Michael, allow me, I’ll propose the opposite: the word "boobs" was borrowed by the ancient Slavic-Rus engaged in the construction of the Great Wall of China from the Japanese "Siseido"? and the Japanese word "oppai", meaning exactly the same breast, in a modified form has turned into a Russian "ass"? what (thanks to Viktor Nikolayevich, enlightened! laughing).
          1. +6
            20 March 2018 14: 42
            Quote: Mikado
            the word "boobs" was borrowed by the ancient Slavic Rusas,

            Nikolay, how can you? Anyone, but you should understand that ALL the words of ALL languages ​​are from Russian. And what does "building a Chinese wall" mean? The ancient Slavic Rus is not something for you that this is the race of gods! The walls were erected by the lower races, and our ancestors just looked menacingly so that they would not be tinkering.
            By the way, what is siseido in our opinion, I understood at puberty. And what is it in barbarian Japanese?
            1. +3
              20 March 2018 15: 27
              The brand is Japanese. And here is how it is translated - either to Vyacheslav Olegovich, or to Victor Nikolaevich. request ah, it turns out, these are Mikado fans perverted our Old Russian language, sushi lovers! (wherebyland", as a rule, a stranger, and is located to the north, and they look at her and cry at her in a microscope ....) am they also had to take Hokkaido for it! angry yes, by the way, hockey was born on Hokkaido hi
              1. +2
                20 March 2018 15: 58
                Quote: Mikado
                The brand is Japanese. And here is how it translates -

                Is it to Tatyana Ametova or this study guide: "The Great Math Dictionary. Volume 1
                Russian ballet, Russian caviar, Russian vodka, Russian mat. Which of these national treasures has not been impoverished in recent years? Only the fourth and to some extent the third.
                And about the fifth - about Russian literature - and there is nothing to remember. Unless - in connection with the holiday of foul language on printed pages.
                Mat is the most expressive area of ​​the Russian language. Our "three-letter" jokingly beat the English "four-letter". They respectfully say about a man: "Talentically swearing!"
                Swearing politicians and military leaders, writers and artists, bankers and businessmen. Only in the criminal environment are others taken - innocent to an uninitiated hearing - curses.
                The new large Mata Dictionary is not the first of its kind, but the most complete and original. The original, in particular, by the fact that the author of the dictionary mercilessly ridiculed in print all the dictionaries-predecessors published both in Russia and abroad.
                Well, the flag in his hands! "There is a second volume.
                1. +3
                  20 March 2018 16: 03
                  we won’t swear. It is sinful. stop But master the Aesop language - are required, improves the thought process drinks
                  1. +2
                    20 March 2018 16: 14
                    Quote: Mikado
                    But master the Aesop language - are required, improves the thought process

                    And simplifies the encryption process.
                    1. +2
                      20 March 2018 16: 28
                      and it’s nice to read it sometimes! Yes
          2. +4
            20 March 2018 20: 02
            Nikolay overcame himself and typed this word !!! The main thing is the will to win !!! (and no Dominican Republic) laughing
            1. +4
              20 March 2018 20: 05
              Which word did you mean, Anton? laughing "siseido"? But can I talk about the Japanese brand on the site? request I’m not pushing him into anyone, I just mention .... drinks
              1. +4
                20 March 2018 21: 20
                Russian (well, since the Slavophile booze has gone) is the name of the mammary glands. "Tits," Nikolai!
                1. +6
                  20 March 2018 21: 59
                  with "such a booze" I won’t fall asleep today, I’ll start calling girlfriends like a sailor Dybenko wink Siseido! fellow drinks joke hi Although, pay attention, as soon as the topic of female charms or homosexuals is raised in articles or on the forum, the discussion comes to life! good because everyone, everyone likes to discuss steamy! laughing drinks Pareto law! .. request
                  1. +1
                    21 March 2018 06: 46
                    This is a normal human reaction to the “subject” of discussion. But the level of steaminess is a balancing act between hypocrisy and "coexistence." I repeat, culture is a daily painstaking work to eradicate cattle within itself. Personally, I am far from ideal.
                    1. +1
                      21 March 2018 10: 41
                      But the level of steaminess is a balancing act between hypocrisy and "coexistence."

                      that is, a certain freedom of choice within the indicated framework of morality or law. drinks
          3. +4
            20 March 2018 20: 13
            "She has such a small chest
            And lips, red lips like poppies
            Captain goes on a long journey
            And recalls a girl from Nagasaki "
            (Type, folk art)
            1. +3
              21 March 2018 21: 34
              She has such a small chest

              "I suggest a bold plan"(V.S. Vysotsky): continue to discuss women's charms. wink drinks in Japanese women it is not so small it can be (in proportion). But the legs .... not that ....
        2. +1
          20 March 2018 14: 44
          Quote: Luga
          I offer more elegant and subtle.


          not, not gracefully, primitively, maybe for some reason it is graceful, but not for ours.
        3. +6
          20 March 2018 16: 54
          Luga, thank you, you’ve been amused: I imagined the picture of the losers, covering the shame, running home, and the winner with a bunch of pants going home. Hochma and Hochma
          1. +4
            20 March 2018 17: 10
            Quote: Monarchist
            Luzhsky, thank you amused

            Yes, not at all.
            What are we worse than Fomenkovites?
            "And we will write how Othello slapped his wife for nothing" (c) A. Ivanov
            1. 0
              21 March 2018 08: 01
              Quote: Luga
              Quote: Monarchist
              Luzhsky, thank you amused

              Yes, not at all.
              What are we worse than Fomenkovites?
              "And we will write how Othello slapped his wife for nothing" (c) A. Ivanov


              the main difference between TI and HX is that silencers always lie, this is the most important thing, they never consider the historical picture as a whole, but only insignificant particulars, or rather, always from their own unscrupulous interests.
        4. +4
          20 March 2018 22: 30
          Luga Today, 13:28
          2. Sport - from the word "ports", that is, pants. In ancient Russia there was a custom, adopted later by the ancient Greeks with their Olympiads, to compete naked. Before the start of the competition, the athletes removed the ports and stacked them near the arena; at the end of the competition, the winner collected the ports of the losers and went home "with ports" as a reward.

          Given the peculiarities of the national mentality, I venture to suggest that some did not go home, but to the nearest merchant of braga or intoxicated honey.
          And pointing to the coveted drink, they asked, “Are we changing ports?”
          - Such wrestlers, fans of "hop", they began to call "athletes"
          wassat laughing
  2. +5
    20 March 2018 06: 28
    To be continued on countries and continents. I love colorful pictures.
  3. +4
    20 March 2018 06: 37
    Thanks Vyacheslav. Extremely interesting information .... Especially hunting birds placed on the feudal ladder ....
  4. +3
    20 March 2018 06: 41
    Very good.
    Of course, a kind of sport is the fight with the Angel.

    But think about it - what a ferret to start. By Senka and a hat.
    1. +1
      20 March 2018 13: 27
      Quote from Korsar4
      Of course, a kind of sport is the fight with the Angel.
      But think about it - what a ferret to start.

      That's for sure! Jacob after struggling with an angel remained lame for life
  5. +5
    20 March 2018 07: 53
    But the game in the now popular hockey in England of the XIV century was banned
    ... And it’s a pity ... and so could become the founders of hockey, and not just football .. smile Thank..
    1. +2
      20 March 2018 10: 20
      It seems to me that the author simply made a slip of the tongue and it was a question of football, a ban on which was introduced by decree of Edward III, so that he would not distract people from learning archery. Hockey also appeared in Canada.
      1. +4
        20 March 2018 12: 43
        British soldiers brought hockey to Canada in the 18th century if I am not mistaken, in addition there are works by Dutch artists of the 16-17th centuries, where people playing a game resembling ... hockey are depicted on the ice of the frozen channels .. Canadians only corrected the rules ..
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 15: 02
          According to Wikipedia, the British soldiers brought field hockey to Canada, which the locals adapted to long winter conditions. But be that as it may, modern hockey, as a sport, appeared in Canada.
        2. 0
          21 March 2018 00: 35
          in addition, there are works by Dutch artists of the 16-17th centuries, where people playing a game resembling ... hockey are depicted on the ice of frozen channels

          I saw recently in the Hermitage, I don’t remember the surname and name of the painting, but it was Dutch painting of the 17th century. soldier Passed by, accidentally his eyes were riveted, I had to stop. Exactly what skating was there, but I am not ready to say about hockey. Alexei Anatolyevich .... why then did I stop by myself precisely about this picture? .... what it seems like nothing just happens in life good drinks apparently it was necessary! Even for this comment! drinks
  6. +2
    20 March 2018 08: 16
    6) entertaining games in the fresh air and playing with the ball, since it was popular among the nobility and was required for service at court
    And there were even decrees prohibiting ancient football. “There are records of unpleasant and even fatal incidents caused by the fault of football and the crowd. Two cases dated 1280 and 1312 describe the deaths resulting from playing football with a knife on the belt. Such examples may have encouraged the development of unwritten rules and principles, but all of them subsequently gave way to bans ...... In 1365, it was Edward III's turn to ban “futeball”, because the troops preferred this game to perfection in archery. Richard II mentioned in his ban 1389, and football, and dice, and tennis.Football did not like the subsequent English monarchs - from Henry IV to James II.
    As you probably understood, the ban on football did not mean the end of the game. In the Middle Ages, crowd football was practiced in many European countries. They played football despite the prohibitions ;-) "https://studwood.ru/1106418/turizm/srednevekovyy_
    football
    1. +4
      20 March 2018 10: 50
      Well then football is a mixture of rugby with a wall-to-wall fight, naturally they tried to ban it
  7. +18
    20 March 2018 08: 57
    There is not much information about sports in the Middle Ages
    Thanks to the author for the article, informative and colorful
    1. +3
      20 March 2018 11: 15
      Quote: BRONEVIK
      There is not much information about sports in the Middle Ages

      What about jousting tournaments? wink
      1. +16
        20 March 2018 12: 01
        Similarly, about tournaments flew out of my head
        More information on them
  8. +18
    20 March 2018 09: 02
    Sport is certainly not massive, for the privileged layers
    But still
    Wilhelm Tel is probably one of the first athletes)
    Interesting article
    1. +2
      20 March 2018 10: 51
      Football and shooting in England are just massive
  9. +4
    20 March 2018 10: 39
    Thanks for the colorful article.
    In the image of the Trojan War, a number of knights are depicted in chaplains. I had never thought that the riders used it, I thought it was a helmet of infantrymen. But no! hi
  10. +4
    20 March 2018 11: 04
    But onions in the Middle Ages were shot not only by men, but also by women.

    Of course, at that time the ladies took an active part in the hunt.
    And the ladies, hunters from the XNUMXth century Teymut hour book, prove this splendidly.
    Thanks for the interesting material and illustrations. For attention to women. love
    1. +4
      20 March 2018 12: 02
      Quote: ruskih
      And the ladies, hunters from the XNUMXth century Teymut hour book, prove this splendidly.

      Greetings, Elena. In addition to your words. Betris Small. Irresistible Duchess: If our wedding takes place in early October, in November we will be able to invite your friends to the hunting season.
      - How do you know that I am a passionate hunter? The duke was surprised.
      “Everyone knows that Hunters Leir is famous for its hunting grounds. I myself, however, do not hunt. I hate killing animals, so I will entertain the guests. Don't expect me to run around chasing the poor fox while trying to stay in the ladies' saddle.
      Believe me, Quinton, ladies' Amazons are a real trap. Wide skirts and pull down!
      1. +7
        20 March 2018 12: 43
        If our wedding takes place ... ..

        There is such a story about women's hunting in those days ... wink
        In 1271, Earl of Carrick's daughter, Martha simply hunted with her minions. ... and, "met and captured her future husband, Robert Bruce."
        “When Robert Bruce, returning from the crusade, went on a visit to the widow of Carrick (sobssno, to Martha, or Margery) with the news of the death of her husband, he met her on the hunt. Marta, considering him a worthy prey, captured Bruce and forcibly took her to her castle, where a few days later he married her. Since the marriage was concluded without the consent of the overlord, Martha had to pay a fine " love
        So not only
        ... falconry was at that time a favorite pastime for ladies.
      2. +5
        20 March 2018 13: 24
        at the same time trying to stay in the saddle.

        This is much later, but at first the women sat in the saddle like a man: the drawings depict women in long dresses sitting in men's saddles
        1. +3
          20 March 2018 15: 49
          Elena, and you are well done: deeply "dig" in history. I'm afraid it’s a mortgage that V. O. mog and forget these details.
          1. +3
            20 March 2018 17: 27
            Thank you, Vyacheslav. love It is unlikely that he forgot. The article is about sports, and since women in those days were practically no right, there are very few references to this. Is that a hunt?
            And they really hunted not only with the help of a bow and not only for a trifle, that’s how it pierces a boar?
            1. +4
              20 March 2018 21: 48
              Hello, Elena! You are somewhat wrong. In the entire history of mankind, the Middle Ages is perhaps the only era (other than matriarchy) when the rights of women were so great (naturally adjusted for the estate).
              1. +3
                20 March 2018 22: 19
                The Middle Ages is perhaps the only era (except matriarchy) when the rights of women were so great

                Well yes wink “In the Middle Ages, women were constantly balancing somewhere in the middle between the gutter and the pedestal.” From the point of view of the church, a woman is an instrument of the devil, am the main temptation and eternal temptation, but because it is evil and a creature lower in comparison with a man.
                1. +3
                  21 March 2018 00: 36
                  Quote: ruskih
                  From the point of view of the church, a woman is an instrument of the devil, am the main temptation and eternal temptation, and therefore it is evil and a creature inferior to man.

                  Greetings, Lena. Sometimes women's novels are a storehouse of information, here is another confirmation of your words: "Roberta raised her left hand so that he could see her devilish sign.
                  - This "flower" on my hand will always stand between them and me.
                  “Don't be stupid,” Gordon said playfully. He brought her hand to his lips and kissed the birthmark. - This is the "flower" of Aphrodite, not the devil.
                  Roberta, not understanding, looked at him.
                  “Aphrodite is the goddess of love among the ancient Greeks,” he explained. “And the“ flower ”on your hand is her symbol.
                  This statement seemed to surprise Robert.
                  - Then why do people consider him a sign of the devil?
                  “The Holy Church has convinced people that it is necessary to make love only for the purpose of producing offspring, otherwise it is a grave sin,” he explained. - This has been going on for many centuries, and people have forgotten that this flower comes from the goddess of love. And the church tried to associate it with the name of the devil.
                  - But why?
                  Gordon grinned.
                  “Today the church is ruled by bald, fat capons who are incapable of making love. They don't want others to be happy in love. "
                  1. +2
                    21 March 2018 13: 00
                    Sometimes female novels are a storehouse of information

                    Kolya, thanks for the beautiful passage love
                    The main thing is to be able to see information everywhere.
                2. +2
                  21 March 2018 06: 25
                  Which church? If you mean different reformatory creeds, then yes! In the Catholic doctrine, such a statement did not exist. In general, the myth of the lawlessness and slaughter of women in the Middle Ages is exactly the same as the lack of personal hygiene, unsanitary conditions and the horrors of the Inquisition. They were invented in later centuries, in order to justify their own cruelty, obscurantism and the general gloom of life.
                  1. +3
                    21 March 2018 06: 42
                    Watch the wonderful BBS series Adventures of Thomas Jones the Foundling!
                    1. +2
                      21 March 2018 07: 02
                      Well, Chesslov, I would have looked a lot, read and wrote something, it’s a pity that it’s not 30 hours in a day, I would at least get enough sleep.
                    2. +1
                      21 March 2018 21: 51
                      Watch the wonderful BBS series Adventures of Thomas Jones the Foundling!

                      I accidentally looked at the first couple of episodes about five years ago. Really good. It will be necessary to inspect, on occasion. hi
                  2. +1
                    21 March 2018 13: 16
                    In general, the myth of the lawlessness and slaughter of women in the Middle Ages, ...

                    In general, everything in this world is relative. Therefore, the position of women was different and dependent on many reasons. Ballads were composed for them and they were not considered equal to men. And the legislation actually fixed her as the property of a man. And the church ... yes, many harsh judgments belonged to the pen of the monks, where it’s already born good when it is necessary to pacify one’s flesh, therefore the following lines came out: “A woman is a man’s embarrassment, an insatiable animal, constant anxiety, continuous struggle, everyday damage, a storm in at home, an obstacle to the performance of duties. A woman must be avoided, firstly, because she confuses the man, secondly, because she defiles him, and thirdly, because she deprives him of his property. "
                    And the picture is for you
                    1. +1
                      21 March 2018 21: 29
                      Oh yeah! Illustration of a plot familiar to me. A female bricklayer, a female roofer, a female welder .... And two purely female professions: a crane operator and a sleeper, because it was only in official documents that he met them in such an interpretation. The 20th century brought “gender equality” and unlimited opportunities for a woman to bend from male occupational diseases. Sorry for the harshness, for the sick touch.
                      1. 0
                        21 March 2018 23: 17
                        Sorry for the harshness, for the sick touch.

                        Everything is fine. I completely agree with you on this. I just did not expect to see pictures with such a plot
    2. +2
      20 March 2018 16: 12
      Elena, ladies not only shot from bows. The first mention of a firearm in England with the name of a woman. In some year, during the civil war, the enemy besieged the castle of Lord Forsyth (he was absent at that time). Lady Forsyth ordered the servants to load the pistol and, climbing up the wall, shot at you in trouble, then the pistol was loaded again and she shot, she shot three times and hit three times. Unfortunately, the brave lady Forsyth and her children died: the enemy used incendiary arrows and they died in a fire.
      When I was a child, I saw the first pistols in the Hermitage and I can roughly imagine how "lovely" it was to shoot Lady Forsyth from the first pistols
  11. +5
    20 March 2018 11: 18
    For the article, as always, thanks, interesting.
    Now let me have some fun again ... smile
    The founder of the Knights Templar, who lived in the 9th century, is a French knight originally from Provence Godfroix de Prey,

    There is a mistake somewhere, or even one. The Knights Templar Order was founded in 1119., It is XII century. The very first of the knightly orders - the Order of the Ioanites (or the Hospitallers) was founded in 1097, (late XI century), until that time I personally did not know about the existence of knightly orders, although I was interested in this issue in my time.
    The first master of the Templar order was Hugh de Payne, although, in general, it looks like Godfroy de Prey, but ... apart from a certain similarity between the names and the name of the order, there is nothing in common anymore. Trying to identify them, in my opinion, is like carrying out certain manipulations with a bird and a study guide on geography, even if we assume that the article “in the 9th century” is a technical mistake and should be read as “in the 11th century”.
    The article probably refers to Gottfried de Prélli, the first legislator of knightly tournaments, but he died in 1066, 30 years before the founding of the Hospitaller Order and more than 50 years before the founding of the Knights Templar.
    1. +4
      20 March 2018 14: 44
      "There is a mistake somewhere"
      The mistake here lies in the use without repeatedly checking the data of such an information Klondike as the Internet.
      This is exactly what Klondike walks about in various variations of the ma'am of the following content: “The founder of the first order, who lived in the XNUMXth century, the French knight from Provence Godfroix de Prey, defined as the main requirement for the members of the order the mastery of the seven skills that were formed as part of mysticism related with numbers. "
      It is not possible to establish where the source of this "revelation" is buried and who "buried it". It is clear that this comrade had problems with history, because in this very story no knights orders are known in the XNUMXth century.
      But the baron, Geoffrey de Preili, as you rightly noted, is a very historical person. And he lived in the XNUMXth century. In relation to today's article, he is known for being considered the first to formulate the rules of jousting, although this may also be a myth, but accepted by official history.
      This Baron is known not only for the creation of the first tournament code, but also for the betrayal of his overlord and namesake Geoffrey III the Bearded.
      The most interesting thing is that none of these deeds went for the future, because according to some sources he died in a knightly tournament, according to others he was killed for his betrayal.
      1. +5
        20 March 2018 15: 25
        Still, IX century. - the time of Charlemagne and the first Carolingians, the time of the Vikings. Error with the century in the original source, probably, really technical. But to explain how Geoffroy (or Godfried) "became" the founder of the knightly order, I really find it difficult. The original writer confused Godfried and Hugo, de Preili and de Payne? Did you hear the ringing of your ear, but did not even bother to try to determine the place of its origin?
        In any case, with the historical myth is over, we debunked it. good
        VO is indexed excellently on the network, now who wants to find information on this figure will inevitably get acquainted with our work and become more educated. smile Plus to us in karma.
    2. +3
      20 March 2018 15: 42
      Luga, thank you for koment- addition.
      Let V. Oh ask him to figure it out: who specifically said this?
      1. +3
        20 March 2018 16: 03
        Quote: Monarchist
        Ask V. Oh, so he figured out

        Who is there now that will understand? And whether it is necessary, by and large? Shame him in chorus, except ... sad Found, exposed and enough with him. smile
        Let V.O. better, something new is cooking, interesting, and we honor and can still benefit the public education.
      2. +4
        20 March 2018 19: 50
        I had here a whole series of articles about the crusaders, including orders. You type the ORDER OF TAMPLIERS, IN, Shpakovsky - and all materials will be opened to you through the Network, or you can search by profile. The very first says this: But the first "registered", or rather, let’s say this, the order of warrior-monks approved by the pope was founded by Hugo de Payne. He came up with the name for him: “The Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon” - that's why in the future they began to call him the Order of the Templars or Templars (in French, “temple” means “temple”). It so happened that in 1118, Hugo de Payne, the French knight, together with his eight relatives, knights founded the order with the aim of protecting the pilgrims in Palestine. They set the following task for themselves: “To the best of our ability, to protect the roads for the benefit of pilgrims from the treachery of robbers and from the attacks of the steppe nomads.” The knights were so poor that they had one horse for two, which is why two riders on one horse were subsequently shown on the seal of the order.
        The information in this chapter is a translation of an English article from a sports publication. Apparently I did not pay attention ...
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 20: 48
          This very seal laid the foundation for the assumptions in the tendency of the Templars to sodomy. laughing
  12. +4
    20 March 2018 11: 19
    Sports in antiquity .... So that's where the expression came from: "Spartak champion!" !? winked
    1. +18
      20 March 2018 11: 59
      The series "Rome" 1st season 2005
      2nd season 2007
      Awesome movie, I recommend
    2. +3
      20 March 2018 13: 36
      Quote: Nikolaevich I
      So that's where the expression came from: "Spartak champion!"

      Spartak was certainly a champion (this is a distortion of the Latin word "campion" = "master of the field", that is, a professional fencer). Gladiators were often hired as bodyguards, and after the ban on ironing games - for judicial fights. And later - and interstate (when instead of the battle or before the battle, the fight Peresvet vs Chelubey was held). Since each side, essno, exhibited its best campaign for this, the word "champion" over time began to mean generally a winner in competitions
    3. +1
      20 March 2018 16: 29
      Quote: Nikolaevich I
      whence came the expression: "Spartak champion!" !?
      Since ancient times, Spartak in Russia has been called "meat" (CSKA fans).
      1. +3
        20 March 2018 18: 26
        There is a sound of hooves,
        It seemed drawbar
        This is our CSKA out of the stable.
        (Spartak fans)
        1. +3
          20 March 2018 19: 05
          Quote: Curious
          There is a sound of hooves,

          laughing
          Oh-ho-ho, Viktor Nikolayevich, is it not scary to raise such an extensive topic? It’s about to start now, I have one baggage of such chants - a cart and a small cart, while I am a fan of the Zenit ... feel
          Or is it a cunning plan to reduce the number of visitors, because when the censorship chants end (quickly enough) the people will start swearing, and then the administration will arrive in time laughing
          1. +2
            20 March 2018 19: 32
            No, I remembered for some reason. Somehow they went to a football in Moscow with a friend, “Spartak” - “CSKA”, I heard there.
            By the way, in the 80th I happened to get to Zenit - CSKA. There, about Kozachenko, they also shouted an interesting chant.
          2. +3
            20 March 2018 20: 02
            cart and a small cart, and I am for the “Zenith” sick ...

            and here I am, I confess, I’m not sick ... before that, no matter the weekend, I stood in a cordon on the Petrovsky, looked at the drunken galloping faces ... apparently, I was “ill”. laughing The best was the BB brigade from Lebyazhye, they were driving a huge convoy to football - in front there was a VAI car, then cars with soldiers, in the middle was a UAZ tablet, and the Ural truck was closing the convoy. That is, they traveled according to the full scheme. But all the matches they sat in the cars! Reserve.... request I liked the city day more! drinks
            1. +3
              20 March 2018 22: 13
              Then the idiots who are now called "fans" were not in the stands. People were really sick.
              1. +4
                20 March 2018 22: 35
                and now it’s a drunken crowd, jumping on state armchairs (and breaking them!). At the same time, watching as a bunch of snickering millionaires, whose snickering wives on planes call themselves "FSB majors," lazily chases the ball No. A bunch of times I saw how noble people who get to the stadium become inveterate scoundrels suffering from oligophrenia (picked up a censored list of words). It was funny when they first "turned", then they tried to be rude to my 18-19 year old cadets, and after the end of the match they asked begged with a tear release them from the stadium ahead of line. What should I call them? hope and conscience of the nation ???! Sorry, the moderator will not miss a set of words, but the way it is.
                1. +2
                  20 March 2018 22: 40
                  Mikado ↑
                  Today, 23: 35
                  and now it’s a drunken crowd, jumping on state armchairs (and breaking them!
                  ,, hi you can not imagine what is happening in the train or train angry hi
                  1. +2
                    20 March 2018 22: 49
                    Sergey, we accompanied this shobla only to the Moscow station. hi Moscow shoblu. Ours, St. Petersburg, dispersed to the metro on its own, bawling songs. But we always stood on nonresident sectors. They left later than everyone. The locals will be let out, and we are waiting, having surrounded sectors with nonresident, while buses will push. hi
                    1. +1
                      21 March 2018 07: 13
                      Nikolay, I will support you in dislike of football. Living on Petrogradka this greatly contributed.
                      1. +2
                        21 March 2018 21: 44
                        and given the proportion of "salary / achievement" in the Russian so-called “football” - to disperse them to hell, but give the money to teachers and Good Doctors! soldier We’ll wait for the championship, see how they get offended .... negative for some reason I’m sure of it. To paraphrase Krylov: "And you, my friends, if you don’t sit down, everyone is not good at soccer! ” request
        2. +2
          20 March 2018 19: 41
          Quote: Fans of “Spartacus”
          The sound of hooves is heard
          There is a team in the Don,
          What is one to six?
          Fucked "Spartacus"
          And she's called SKA. smile
          And the “horses” are the only team representing Russia in the Euroleague.
          1. +2
            20 March 2018 21: 14
            I will answer everyone right away
            "... And football players - until better days!" (V. Vysotsky)
            PS. They never arrived ...
            1. +2
              20 March 2018 22: 51
              Galustyan to them in trainers. Maybe it’s a slap in the face and makes you play. angry
          2. +1
            21 March 2018 00: 10
            Here you are whimsical horses. And we are meat!
      2. +1
        21 March 2018 12: 34
        Quote: Stanislav
        Spartak in Russia is called "meat"

        Perhaps someone who was very educated came up with a hint of the profession of Spartak: the fact is that the owner of the gladiatorial school was called "lanista" - literally "butcher" (that is, gladiators are "meat")
        1. +1
          21 March 2018 14: 05
          Quote: Weyland
          Maybe someone very educated came up with
          Most likely due to the club colors of red meat with white streaks of fat. But it was an answer to the “horses”, as the meat was called CSKA. Then the "homeless" appeared with the long-term construction of the Zenith Arena.
  13. +2
    20 March 2018 12: 59
    Detail of a scene depicting a lady archery at a rabbit
    What is characteristic is that the beast falls directly into the eye so as not to spoil the valuable rabbit fur. Chukche needs a carbine for this, however, and a lady from a bow ... Has he still given up on feminism? (Notes by an art critic).
    1. +2
      20 March 2018 20: 53
      Where the Chukchi live, rabbits are not found.
      1. 0
        20 March 2018 21: 09
        Quote: 3x3zsave
        Where the Chukchi live, rabbits are not found
        There are many furry animals, however. Maybe among them the polar rabbit runs, who knows, but the question is not the rabbit, but the integrity of the medieval lady.
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 21: 35
          Especially lemmings.
  14. +1
    20 March 2018 13: 25
    The struggle of Hercules and Achilles from the French translation of Ovid's Metamorphosis

    And it always seemed to me that Achilles was born after Heracles was dying ...
  15. 0
    20 March 2018 14: 43
    avt,
    you hochmach toothy first started, what now whine?
  16. +4
    20 March 2018 15: 12
    It is strange that under today's article there is no "To be continued", since the topic is very extensive, and all those “sports” that the author mentions in the article are in themselves topics of extensive articles, and even cycles.
    The same hunt. The author mentioned for some reason only hunting with hunting birds. But there was also a dog hunt.
    This treaty was devoted to special treatises that were written by very noble people.

    For example, Gaston III (1331–1391), Count de Foix and Viscount de Bearn, also known for his brilliant blond hair as Gaston Phoebus, wrote a book about hunting between 1387 and 1389, dedicating it to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Bold, also an avid hunter. The work is written in French and consists of five parts, sequentially describing the habits of various types of game, keeping hunting dogs, hunting for deer and other game and, finally, less noble hunting methods, including the use of traps. The first printed edition of this work, decorated with numerous woodcuts, was published by the bookseller Antoine Verar in Paris around 1507. Verar added to Gaston's work a discussion in verses about the virtues of hunting using birds of prey (hawk and falconry) and dog hunting. The added fragment was part of another XIV century treatise on hunting, also dedicated to Philip the Bold, entitled "The Joys of the Hunt" ("Roman des déduis"), authored by Gus de la Binh (died around 1380).
    And the life of the medieval city was filled with all kinds of entertainments. People knew no less than different games and amusements than today, especially since all sorts of holidays took almost a third of the year.
    So the continuation should, in theory, follow.
    1. +5
      20 March 2018 15: 25
      Yes, another such moment. Reading the comments, I remembered the well-known joke of the Goncourt brothers: “What will the two Englishmen do when they are on a desert island? They will create their own club!”
      I remembered because in these clubs, such as BOODLE'S, access to any chantrap is closed. It would be good if at least one section of the site was also somehow limited from penetration of a contingent such as Artek. They are already given full disposal to them and the “News”, and “Analytics”, and “Opinions”, and 90% “Armament”. Can I at least leave the “History” for respectable gentlemen?
      1. +3
        20 March 2018 15: 38
        And further. My wish applies not only to commentators, but also to authors who think of themselves as historians or who think they can write on historical topics. Maybe someone in a fit of self-criticism comes to his senses.
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 21: 09
          That's always the case. Just going to write some thread of an epic historical canvas, Viktor Nikolayevich comes and breaks off on all counts to the full potential dysfunction.
      2. +2
        20 March 2018 21: 03
        And here rings appear on the stage, the significance of which you deny in Anglo-Saxon culture.
        1. +2
          20 March 2018 23: 59
          You write something, and we will appreciate. About the rings, about the Saxons with the English. About the Aryans is not necessary, the topic has already been staked out.
    2. +1
      21 March 2018 15: 54
      Quote: Curious
      The first printed edition of this work, decorated with numerous woodcuts, was published by the bookseller Antoine Verar in Paris around 1507. Verar added to Gaston's work a discussion in verses about the virtues of hunting using birds of prey (hawk and falconry) and dog hunting. The added fragment was part of another XIV century treatise on hunting, also dedicated to Philip the Bold, entitled "The Joys of the Hunt" ("Roman des déduis"), authored by Gus de la Binh (died around 1380).

      And where is Aksasakov’s supplement: “Notes of an arms hunter in the Orenburg province?”
      1. +3
        21 March 2018 21: 00
        Sergei Timofeevich, of course, wrote great, but not a little about that. However, the difference of almost five hundred years matters.
  17. +1
    20 March 2018 15: 16
    ** "there is even the so-called Greco-Roman struggle" **
    Since perestroika, I only hear about this "Greco-Roman struggle." There is no question with the Greeks. Has anyone heard of the Roman struggle? It seems more in Rome had fun with gladiators.
    And earlier this "Greco-Roman" was called classical. And there were no questions.
    1. +6
      20 March 2018 15: 32
      Having conquered Greece, Rome mastered the Greek culture. The fight among the Romans also became one of the most popular circus shows, and the winners became the idols of the crowd. Fighting in Rome was also demonstrated in conjunction with fist fighting, and in gladiator fights with armed combat. With the advent of Christianity, gradually, these types of wrestling fell into decay, at the end of the XNUMXth century AD all public schools of gladiators were closed.
      1. +2
        20 March 2018 22: 09
        The fight among the Romans also became one of the most popular circus shows, and the winners became the idols of the crowd.

        but homosexuality has become a "pleasant entertainment"! laughing Antinous to the rescue. wink drinks
        1. +1
          20 March 2018 23: 00
          Did homosexuality originate in Rome?
          1. +1
            20 March 2018 23: 07
            I think before. Did the Greeks not like to indulge in them?
            1. +1
              20 March 2018 23: 14
              Well, after all .. Sin rode across the river, sees. Sin, in the Cancer River .. In general, they were looking for a ass for cancer for a long time .. laughing
              1. +2
                20 March 2018 23: 35
                I'm sure it was! drinks came to the "holy squad of fighting homosexuals from Thebes"! homo special forces, damn it, elite homo hoplites! fellow all bent over to mainland Greece, including the Spartans. They probably should not have been taken prisoner .... what
                1. +4
                  20 March 2018 23: 43
                  And then Ostap suffered .... straight to New Homoseuk.
                  1. +2
                    20 March 2018 23: 50
                    Mikado ↑
                    Today, 00: 35
                    Curious ↑
                    Today, 00: 43
                    And then Ostap suffered .... right
                    ,, lol carried nonsense that was complete, flogged the one that was built laughing
                    1. +3
                      21 March 2018 00: 08
                      carried nonsense that was complete, flogged the one that was built laughing

                      ahhh, class! good bow down drinks
                2. +1
                  21 March 2018 00: 00
                  Thebes? So they seemed to be poisoned by gas.
            2. +3
              21 March 2018 00: 00
              The attitude towards homosexuality among the Greeks and Romans was very different.
              1. +2
                21 March 2018 00: 12
                I do not know, did not compare. wink Antinous just remember. request Heliogabalov there all sorts of. hi Damn, while the name was written, I almost broke my fingers with my tongue .... what
                But in general .... Emperor Nero loved to sing! good

                although, like .. he is not involved especially in the "same" .... Although not in the know! request drinks
                1. +3
                  21 March 2018 00: 38
                  The historian told us. Thebes was locked in a cave and poisoned with gas.
                  1. +3
                    21 March 2018 00: 42
                    I read about some fat American man who poisoned himself while dieting from legumes and falling asleep in a completely closed room. fellow I can not vouch for the truth, the category of tales about deadly oddities. request
                    1. +4
                      21 March 2018 01: 01
                      And I read how in Vladik a man climbed into a store and whistled two bottles of vodka. And when he got out, he got stuck. In general, he drank vodka, and died. And in the United States, a negro shop was robbed. So the seller asked for a certificate from him. He took it out, and so, they say, I’m completely old laughing
                      1. +2
                        21 March 2018 01: 14
                        In, I’ll add. In Australia, students went to pharmacology and took pills. That the member would stand. In general, the police found them on standing members. laughing
                      2. +4
                        21 March 2018 22: 34
                        I remembered the story of how an American robber tried to hide from the police at night in the forest, and the police .. for some reason didn’t lag behind .. what because on it the sneakers were with a paw in the sole at the back, which lit up when attacking! laughing Damn, "Darwin Award"! drinks
  18. +2
    20 March 2018 15: 34
    Quote: Artek
    Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.

    And we said in childhood: "who argues and is not worth it"
    1. 0
      21 March 2018 07: 54
      Quote: Monarchist
      Quote: Artek
      Sport is the Russian word dispute. Argue I will make you, put on the shoulder blades? I bet.

      And we said in childhood: "who argues and is not worth it"

      and we talked
      but he who does not argue will drown in the shit.
  19. +2
    20 March 2018 15: 36
    Quote: Weyland
    Quote: Nikolaevich I
    So that's where the expression came from: "Spartak champion!"

    Spartak was certainly a champion (this is a distortion of the Latin word "campion" = "master of the field", that is, a professional fencer). Gladiators were often hired as bodyguards, and after the ban on ironing games - for judicial fights. And later - and interstate (when instead of the battle or before the battle, the fight Peresvet vs Chelubey was held). Since each side, essno, exhibited its best campaign for this, the word "champion" over time began to mean generally a winner in competitions

    Thanks for the information.
  20. +4
    20 March 2018 17: 06
    V.O. Thank you for the article, and for illustrating you a separate merci .. I liked it: a monkey shooting a butterfly and Jacob is fighting an angel. So in this connection I want to blaspheme a bit: did they catch one another in the Yerisi or were engaged in training before the World Cup?
    1. +3
      20 March 2018 19: 57
      I am glad that you liked it, but ... now, for a number of reasons, it is difficult for me to answer. You can, of course, look in the Bible, but there is no time. When I prepared the material I had to spend a lot of time searching for pictures, so there was simply no power left for anything else. There is a lot of work at the university now, just very ... Sorry.
      1. +5
        20 March 2018 22: 08
        Vyacheslav Olegovich, God grant you strength in this struggle of the human mind over common sense (I'm talking about accreditation)!
        1. +4
          21 March 2018 06: 36
          Thank! Thank you very much!!! If I didn’t appreciate your time, I would send, well, for general development, to look at one of the “documents” (Educational and Methodological Complex) that we are writing ... 72 pages, and such, in general, are necessary .. . fifteen! And this is only part of the job. The total volume of folders with shoe ribbons in the department is more than 15! Apart from other papers!
          1. +4
            21 March 2018 22: 43
            Vyacheslav Olegovich! A year ago, I observed all this in dynamics. College, wife’s place of work, "accredited." A bent back, bags under the eyes, a lifetime, and a lot of work anywhere ... You have the strength and patience !!!
            1. +1
              21 March 2018 22: 53
              There is still such a thing as SRO. Invented well, got "as always." Another legal way of taking money from the population. wink
    2. +4
      20 March 2018 23: 36
      The monarchist should deal with such issues himself, since this episode is generally one of the most difficult to explain in the Old Testament.
      This is a matter for the theologian in the volume of a decent article.
      To get started, open Genesis - the first book of the Pentateuch (Torah), the Old Testament and the entire Bible and read chapter 32.
      24. And Jacob was left alone. And Someone fought with him before the dawn;

      25. and, seeing that he was not overcome, he touched the composition of his thigh and damaged the composition of the thigh of Jacob when he fought with Him.

      26. And he said (unto him): Let me go, for the dawn has risen. Jacob said: I will not let you go until you bless me.

      27. And he said: what is your name? He said: Jacob.

      28. And he said (to him): henceforth, your name will not be Jacob, but Israel, for you fought with God, and you will defeat people.

      29. Jacob also asked, saying: say (to me) your name. And He said: Why do you ask about My name? (it is a miracle.) And blessed him there.
      Naturally, you will not succeed in interpreting this.
      Therefore, open the twelve-volume “Explanatory Bible of Lopukhin,” that “Old Testament. Genesis.” In chapter 186 you will find the answer to your question.
      EXPLANATORY BIBLE OR COMMENT ON ALL BOOKS OF ST. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments A.P. Lopukhina appeared in St. Petersburg, from 1904 to 1913, in the form of a free supplement to the Wanderer magazine. One volume was published annually, and two volumes in 1912 and 1913.
  21. +3
    20 March 2018 23: 03
    However, they become clear if we look at what they illustrated. For example, here is a miniature from the “History of the Trojan War” of 1441. Made in Germany, this manuscript is today in the German National Museum in Berlin. On it we will see a knight in a tournament helmet "toad head" who shoots from a bow (!),
    I agree.
    there is a knight with a terrible crooked sword
    This is a kind of falshion. A very convincing thing to hit a well-hired opponent
    but the funniest thing is a horse-drawn arbalester, who has a crossbow with stirrups in his hands. That is, it was possible to charge it only by stepping off the horse! Well, the artist did not imagine how genuine Paris and Menelaus were dressed, so he painted everything that came to his mind!
    Horse arbalester for a long time was even a meme in this regard. However, in the same Burgundy, according to inventories, decrees and other official documents, horse crossbows are present. For example, as part of a standard knightly spear in a row of a knight’s armed cloak. It should be understood that this is actually a type of dragoons - infantry with vehicles. Although, with a loaded crossbow it was possible to make one shot and riding at a pistol distance. Due to the difficulty of aiming at a gallop from such a bulky weapon. But at that time, no more than 10-15 steps were fired from pistols for the same reason.
    1. +1
      21 March 2018 06: 32
      Yes, but only horse-drawn crossbowmen had other crossbows, with a different tension, and not with a scoop!
    2. +3
      21 March 2018 08: 27
      There were horse-drawn crossbowmen and crossbowmen, who rode horses, but fought on foot.
  22. +6
    21 March 2018 18: 18
    Quote: 3x3zsave
    This is a normal human reaction to the “subject” of discussion. But the level of steaminess is a balancing act between hypocrisy and "coexistence." I repeat, culture is a daily painstaking work to eradicate cattle within itself. Personally, I am far from ideal.

    In this case, I'm not the most decent, but not the last, but in the middle peasants
    1. +3
      21 March 2018 21: 29
      In this case, I'm not the most decent, but not the last, but in the middle peasants

      I suspect everyone is in the middle peasants. We should not be righteous, but we also do not want to be bastards. We have to look for a middle ground.
      1. +2
        21 March 2018 23: 44
        I really want to be a bastard! Damn, it doesn’t work!
        1. +1
          21 March 2018 23: 55
          Apparently, the spouse works well wink love and thank God! all superfluous aspirations - everything is decay and vanity, and family happiness is the most precious! drinks
          1. +3
            22 March 2018 00: 15
            That is, my dream of "seeing Mars and dying" is corruption and vanity ?! Okay, I’ll remember that, however, like the “humanist”!
            1. +3
              22 March 2018 00: 39
              That is, my dream of "seeing Mars and dying" is corruption and vanity ?!

              no, wonderful desire, I just can’t connect it with the desire to be a bastard. drinks Is it that only bastards should fly to Mars? stop Well this is not Sakhalin, or is Australia the place of exile .... laughing yes, and Samsonov will be the first to fly (I suggest sending against his will) - right from there he will publish cycles about the Great Russian settlement of Hyperborean Mars fellow the most fundamental thoughts will be highlighted in bold.
              1. +1
                22 March 2018 05: 45
                So I brought up a good fiction! And what book do not open there, Luna-Mars-Venus - hard labor. The romance of Botany Bay haunted the Hugo Prize winners.
              2. +1
                22 March 2018 21: 58
                "... and Samsonov will fly first ..."
                As a dog Laika?
                1. +2
                  22 March 2018 22: 49
                  Probably, Nikolai was upset for the Mask, I have argued many times that he will not fly to Mars, so I decided to get rid of the ballast.
                  1. +2
                    23 March 2018 14: 42
                    As a dog Laika?

                    Viktor Nikolaevich simply expects that the ticket will be one-way, and the touchdown will be unsuccessful. Just a couple of Samson's tales - and I'll join him. "Hug and cry." fellow
                    1. +2
                      23 March 2018 20: 52
                      What is there to count? Musk bluntly stated: for the first crew - an anisotropic ticket. Well I say - the dough is not enough.
  23. +2
    21 March 2018 23: 31
    ruskih,
    And where are the pictures from? For some reason, I have associations with Comedy on Lysistratus, well, in a revised version. Yes, and the ladies' robes are never uneasy.
    1. +3
      21 March 2018 23: 48
      I’m most interested from where, I searched - I didn’t find it, I didn’t expect to see such ones, there are no links going along with pictures from the Teymut watch list, they are positioned as medieval. Link: http: //gallery.ru/watch? Ph = VPv-f5fiF # featu
      re = topscroll
      1. +3
        21 March 2018 23: 59
        If you take a painting, I want to complement! Was in the article of 2015 “What I forgot about ....” (I won’t call the mournful so-called “singer”, who has already called you and me a lot of different interesting words, https://topwar.ru/70541- o-chem-zabyl-andrey-makar
        evich.html) interesting picture:

        and signature: “But what interesting“ fruit ”the nun collects on the pages of“ The Rose novel. ”XIII century (National Library, France)”.
        That is, in the Middle Ages a lot of things were drawn .... laughing Interestingly, the Church condemned the author? what
        1. +3
          22 March 2018 00: 08
          Tourists city! They would understand, they would cry! She collects the Colorado potato beetle from potatoes! (By the way, it looks like a larva)
          1. +2
            22 March 2018 00: 24
            anachronism! Colorado beetles from Colorado have arrived! Three hundred years at least later! laughing
            I posted a movie about Nero there above. Wikipedia says interestingly about this video:
            There is reason to believe that the future emperor of the Roman Empire was the patrician Vespasian.
            “And accompanying Nero on a trip to Greece, he incurred a cruel disgrace by the fact that he often either went out during his singing, or fell asleep in his place.” (Suetonius, “The Life of the Twelve Caesars. Divine Vespasian”)

            Well, I'm not a Preacher yet ?! You know, Anton, I will always be grateful to Vespasian, as the founder of Vodokanal! good drinks but he wouldn’t come up with a fee for poop to take - I would sit without work! laughing
            1. +1
              22 March 2018 01: 11
              Did Vespisian introduce a fee for toilets? They told us in school a little differently. Some emperor (I don’t remember exactly who) was a little impoverished, and he decided to introduce a tax for toilets. Well, he told his son about it. He twisted his face: "Fu, that money will stink!" Collected, then taxes, that emperor brought a handful of coins to his son in a turnip: "Smell what it smells like." He sniffed: "Yes, nothing, sort of." "That's it, son! Money doesn't smell!" laughing
              1. +1
                22 March 2018 10: 34
                It was precisely Vespasian and his son - the future emperor Titus. hi the most interesting, I found out by accident - from a joker-plumber who helped me with hatches at one of the car plants. drinks
                1. +1
                  22 March 2018 10: 46
                  I just did not remember the name. A historian told us in the early 80s where the expression “Money doesn’t smell” came from, but I forgot this legend. Well, now I will remember. good And so I went to school for continuous triples. drinks
                  1. +2
                    22 March 2018 11: 03
                    And so I went to school for continuous triples.

                    for this our forum exists! drinks Viktor Nikolaevich alone is worth what - no comment, then a lecture! fellow drinks
        2. +4
          22 March 2018 00: 41
          That is, in the Middle Ages a lot of things were drawn .... laughing interestingly, the Church condemned the author?

          On the margins of a Flemish watch book of the 10198th century, a strange hybrid in a miter, similar to a bishop’s one, puts forward its phallus, ending with a hand folded in a gesture of blessing (one of the readers later rudely sketched provocative nudity), and in one of the manuscripts “A novel about a rose »At about the same time, two nuns collect phalluses hanging on the branches of a tree. Such examples of sexual travesty and a parody of church symbols are commonplace in the fields of Gothic watch books and Psalters, which were ordered by noble and wealthy lay people for pious exercises and to delight their eyes. According to the criteria of the New Age, medieval piety was comparatively tolerant of laughter, if the parody did not attack the fundamental truths of Christianity and did not go beyond the "low" genres: it would not have occurred to anyone to paint with a huge phallus a hybrid bishop, but personally Saint Peter. (link: https: //theoryandpractice.ru/posts/XNUMX-
          history-of-atheism)
          1. +2
            22 March 2018 17: 41
            It was a fruitful year, you can’t say anything .... wink the bananas became ugly in the monastery garden - darkness is dark! fellow here's how to water it right! laughing
    2. +2
      22 March 2018 21: 08
      Anton, where did this picture come from? From Wikipedia, Cristina of Pisa, also Cristina (Christina) de Pisan [1] (fr. Christine de Pizan; Venice, 1364/1365 - 1430, Poissy Abbey) - French medieval writer of Italian origin. One of the first female professional writers, poetess and author a number of philosophical treatises on the role of women in the family and society (all in French). Most modern feminist scholars consider her works to be the beginning of the modern feminist movement, including the Book on the City of Women

      Among the most famous works of Cristina of Pisa is the “Book of the City of Women” (Livre fr. De la Cité des Dames, 1404-1405), which emphasizes that a woman is in no way inferior to a man in her abilities. She saw the reason for unsuccessful marriages in specific human vices of men and women. The so-called “debate about women” originates from Christina of Pisa in France of the XNUMXth century. "here it is completely:
      1. +1
        23 March 2018 13: 23
        which emphasizes that a woman is in no way inferior to a man in her abilities. She saw the reason for unsuccessful marriages in specific human vices of men and women.

        And I thought emancipation started later .... what with Madame de Stael, for example ...
        The ladies in the salon praised Bonaparte's good soul, who, having recently opened an empty snuff-box, sent a soldier to the shop for fresh tobacco and did not take change from ten francs. Germaine de Stael could not resist, so as not to ulcerate:
        - What a theme for David’s brush! The soldier, playing with his naked torso muscles, appears under the canopy of an ancient colonnade with a handful of tobacco, while Bonaparte, in the toga of a Roman patrician, rejects his arm with money with an angry gesture. At the bottom of the picture you need a gold plate with the inscription: "The consul's generosity!" And, as always with David, the main character will be depicted without pants, and Josephine will be left without a skirt ...
        General Lekurb approached her:
        “Your words will be known tomorrow at the Tuileries.”
        - Why not today? - surprised Madame de Stael ...
        (V.S. Pikul, "To Each His Own").
  24. +2
    22 March 2018 20: 37
    Damn, how much “tasty” I missed!
    Quote: Mikado
    Which word did you mean, Anton? "siseido"? But can I talk about the Japanese brand on the site?

    What is such a "brand"? Siseido - this is pure philosophy - a harsh, samurai path to perfection! Ken-do (the path of the sword), karate-do: (the path of an empty hand), cha-do (the path of tea), Sisei-do (the path of booze)! laughing
    1. +2
      22 March 2018 22: 38
      "The Kingdom of Freedom Road
      Build yourself breast! "???
      1. +2
        22 March 2018 23: 25
        No, it's rude somehow. And there is no philosophy.
        Excessive path to freedom is difficult.
        In it, only the geisha’s chest,
        Spirit strengthens mine.
        (Unknown ronin who died in an unknown battle)
        It will be better laughing
        1. +3
          23 March 2018 19: 28
          "The art of sissy-do, squeezing female breasts,
          To know the man is obliged.
          A geisha will be happy with him!
          "(Onanashi Dzoppoebettoyomon, 15th century, the time of the Onin War).
          1. +1
            24 March 2018 21: 12
            Onanashi Dzoppoebettoyomon - this is definitely 5 ++! drinks
            1. +2
              25 March 2018 14: 34
              Zoppoebetto

              it is not I who said. request This was said by the Japanese captain of the ship Daikokuya Kodai, who came to Petersburg under Catherine II, said through the mouth of V.O. Shpakovsky. laughing "Yomon" - if I am not mistaken, the ending testifying to monasticism. That complemented the image! drinks (although Japanese samurai monks were absolutely not forbidden to matsat "Siseido" of seductive geishas, ​​and not only that .... fellow In general, inter-sex life rules on Freud!wink)

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