New intervention doctrine?

45

Henry Kissinger was Secretary of State, from 1973 to 1977 the year and is the author of the recently published book "In China".

An equally important aspect of the Arab Spring is the revision of the previously dominant foreign policy principles. The United States is withdrawing from the military efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan, carried out on the basis of (which is, however, disputed) the interests of American national security, in order to return to a number of other states in the region (albeit uncertainly) in the name of humanitarian intervention. Will democratic reconstruction replace national interests as the guiding star of politics in the Middle East? What does the Arab Spring really represent, is it a democratic reorganization?

There is a consensus that the United States is morally obligated to act in concert with the revolutionary movements in the Middle East as a kind of compensation for the Cold War policy, always described as “erroneous”, in which, for security purposes, we cooperated with non-democratic governments in the region. Then, it is claimed, we supported fragile governments in the name of international stability, thereby generating long-term instability. And although some of these strategies were carried out uselessly, it must be borne in mind that the Cold War lasted 30 for years and brought about decisive strategic changes, such as Egypt’s rejection of an alliance with the Soviet Union and the signing of the Camp David agreement. If a model that is developing at the present time fails to establish an appropriate attitude towards its proclaimed goals, then it risks being unstable from the very beginning, which can drown the values ​​proclaimed to it.

The Arab Spring is widely represented as a regional, youth-led revolution in the name of liberal democratic principles. But these forces do not dominate in Libya, and it is unlikely that it will already exist as a state. Or Egypt, where the majority of voters (perhaps permanent) are overwhelmingly in favor of the Islamists. Nor do the Democrats, it seems to me, prevail in the Syrian opposition. The consensus of the Arab League on Syria is formed by countries that have not previously differed in practice or in the promotion of democracy. Rather, it largely reflects the millennial conflict between Shiites and Sunnis and the attempt to regain Sunni domination over the Shiite minority. In addition, this is why so many minority groups such as Druze, Kurds and Christians are in a difficult position during regime change in Syria.

The merging of many disparate insults with the recognition of common slogans is not a democratic result. With victory, it becomes necessary to distill democratic development and establish new power structures. The more extensive the destruction of the existing order, the more likely it will be to create internal organs and it becomes more likely the use of force or the introduction of a universal ideology. The more fragmented the society, the more the temptation grows to promote unity by calling for an introduction that unites everyone, nationalism and Islamism, and not an orientation towards Western values.

We must ensure that, in an era of shorter attention span and turnaround revolutions, in the outside world and in applying the Internet experience, our attention during the close observation of events would focus on a few key points and then tune in to an event considered more important. A revolution will be judged by appointment, not its origin, by results, not by its proclamations.

For the United States, the doctrine of humanitarian intervention in the Middle Eastern revolutions will prove to be unsustainable if it is not related to the concept of American national security. When intervening, it is necessary to take into account the strategic importance and social cohesion of the country (including the possibility of breaking the complex of its specific camouflage) and evaluate what can be plausibly built on the site of the old regime. At the time of this writing, the traditional fundamentalist political forces, reinforced by an alliance with radical revolutionaries, threaten to dominate the process, and the social network elements that formed its beginning are losing popularity.

American public opinion has already turned away from the amount of effort that is needed for transformation in Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan. We believe that less obvious strategic participation, denial of the US national interests will make the national complex on small construction? Do we have a preference for which groups will come to power? Or are we really agnostics *, therefore, as long as the mechanisms of our influence are selective? In the latter case, how can we avoid the strengthening of the new absolutism, the legalized management of plebiscites, and the continued dominance of the sectarians over the majority? What results are compatible with America’s core strategic interests in the region? Will it be possible to combine a strategic exit from key countries and a reduction in military spending with the doctrines of universal humanitarian intervention? Discussion of these issues is largely absent in the debate on US foreign policy regarding the Arab Spring.

For more than half a century, US policy in the Middle East has been guided by several goals in the core of security: preventing any forces in the region from developing as hegemones, ensuring the free flow of energy and resources that are still vital for the stable work of the world economy and torture mediation in establishing lasting peace between Israel and its neighbors, including agreements with the Palestinian Arabs. Over the past ten years, Iran has become a major challenge for all three positions. Therefore, any process that is connected with the governments of the region, even too weak or too anti-Western orientation, as a result, to provide, as a result, support for us, and even in which partnership with America is no longer welcome, should evoke US strategic interests beyond independence from electoral mechanisms through which these governments come to power. Within the boundaries of these general restrictions, American politics has considerable scope for creativity in promoting humanitarian and democratic values.

The United States must be prepared to deal with democratically elected Islamist governments. But it is also an opportunity to freely implement the standard principles of our traditional foreign policy in order, in specific conditions, to coordinate positions in our own interests with the actions of the government in question.

The behavior of the United States during the Arab upheavals has so far helped avoid America being an obstacle to revolutionary change. This is not a minor achievement. But this is one of the components of a successful approach. In the end, US policy will also be judged by what comes out of the Arab Spring, whether the reformed responsibilities of states in relation to international order and humane institutions are improving.

* Agnosticism (from Greek ágnōstos - inaccessible to knowledge), a philosophical doctrine, according to which the question of the truth of knowledge cannot be finally resolved, an objective characteristic of the reality surrounding the person is obtained.
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  1. +1
    April 23 2012 11: 43
    Hmm ... Hawk, but you won’t refuse to have a head ... He correctly laid out the layout ... winked
    1. +8
      April 23 2012 11: 48
      Kissener has always been an adversary and remained him .. And about the mind ... Fools do not reach such heights in politics ...
    2. +4
      April 23 2012 11: 54
      Domokl, Have you learned anything from this tongue-tied factoid?
      1. +9
        April 23 2012 12: 43
        You need to wander around in someone else's territory, by someone else’s hands, but for your own interests ... By the way, for the tongue-in-tongue translation is very clearly traced quite common sense formulated by the Romans-divide and conquer ...
    3. Dan099
      +2
      April 23 2012 12: 07
      Any self-respecting superpower that wants to be respected and considered superpower by others should have a similar doctrine.
      1. +8
        April 23 2012 12: 13
        Dan, the Crusades are not our style. And for the Anglo-Saxons this is something from time immemorial. To rob referring to the alleged will of Christ.
        1. Dan099
          +2
          April 23 2012 12: 21
          And the conquest of Siberia by Ermak under the banners with Christ?
          and the conquest of the Caucasus ... For the conquered peoples, our expansion was akin to the Crusades.
          Protecting interests, expanding their scope - what our ancestors did, and thanks to them we are now the largest country in the world.
          1. +10
            April 23 2012 12: 33
            Yes Dan, it was, and as a result of these "conquests" and the peoples of Siberia and the Caucasus have retained their identity, religion, culture and language.
            1. Dan099
              +2
              April 23 2012 12: 56
              Yes, but you’ve lost statehood.
              After all, the British, too, did not deprive, for example, the Indians of their language, religion and culture.
              1. +9
                April 23 2012 13: 07
                Dan, India was a colony, plus the British did not crush the sepoy movement, But how did the Celts, Wales, join in?
                I agree that these peoples have retained their identity, but at the moment they are already less than 3% of the population of England
                1. Dan099
                  +3
                  April 23 2012 13: 25
                  If you climb so deeply during the Norman conquests ... then I can recall for example the Finno-Ugric peoples vod, all, merya, the cave, the Baltic people, trunks ... their territories were occupied by our Slavic ancestors, and even without armed clashes in those days it’s unlikely -if it did.
              2. 0
                April 23 2012 19: 46
                Quote: Dan099
                Yes, but you’ve lost statehood.

                The peoples of Siberia never had their own statehood. A significant part of the Caucasian peoples, too. Georgia, at the time of joining Russia, had its own state, but it became part of Russia voluntarily, according to the George Treatise of 1783 of the year.
          2. Che
            Che
            +6
            April 23 2012 12: 39
            We had a slightly different policy, Russia did not conquer the peoples and did not seize territory. For the most part, unification and merging took place. Absorption as amers was not. Therefore, small nations were preserved - unlike amers.
            1. Sergh
              +5
              April 23 2012 13: 39
              I understood only one thing, they (amers) urgently need to be stopped, conversations need to be completed. But you need to do it smartly, competently and beautifully. It is useless to persuade them, it’s more expensive for itself, according to Kissanger, these are not people, they are bloodthirsty vampires, a terrible tribe of amers. The conclusion is that these are the same terrorists, only intellectual, that’s the whole difference.
              1. Neighbor
                +3
                April 23 2012 16: 10
                Quote: Sergh
                these are not people, these are bloodthirsty vampires, a terrible tribe of amers.

                good drinks drinks
                Bandits, looters and killers !!! am
                1. Odinplys
                  0
                  April 23 2012 18: 33
                  Neighbor,
                  In a word ... The fascist Zionist regime ...
            2. +4
              April 23 2012 17: 19
              Quote: Che
              We had a slightly different policy, Russia did not conquer the peoples and did not seize territory. For the most part, unification and merging took place. Absorption as amers was not. Therefore, small nations were preserved - unlike amers.
              - the difference is that Russia sought to protect itself from attack, therefore, it was constantly expanding. And one more thing - colonization by Russia was not predatory in nature - on the contrary, Russia tried to pull the conquered states to its level.
              The British had one goal - their farm management required the conquest of new markets, hence their predatory behavior in the colonies.

              But in spite of all these differences, this does not change the essence of the matter. That one, that another state came to the territory of less developed states without permission and conquered them. The exception is Kazakhstan, which, under the threat of the Chinese-Dzungarian aggression, itself turned to the Russians "behind a roof". However, these threats have not been removed so far. 300 years have passed, mankind has already mastered nuclear weapons and nuclear energy, went into space and created the Internet, but the geopolitical alignment is still the same, practically nothing has changed, except that the current position of Russia is slightly weaker than in those days. Come on, the Japs have even worse positions - now in political terms, there is generally zero, an economic giant with a dwarf sprout in the form of politics. laughing Well, Osmania has sunk into oblivion, although it shows some signs of revival
          3. Atlon
            +7
            April 23 2012 14: 02
            Quote: Dan099
            And the conquest of Siberia by Ermak under the banners with Christ? and the conquest of the Caucasus ... For the conquered peoples, our expansion was akin to the Crusades. Protecting interests, expanding their scope - what our ancestors did, and thanks to them we are now the largest country in the world.

            Come on! What is the "conquest" of Siberia? Whom did they conquer? Who has been herded into the reservations? They occupied empty territories, in fact.
            And about the "conquest" of the Caucasus, generally ridiculous! Which of the Caucasian peoples was subdued? On the contrary, they were saved from complete annihilation by the Ottoman Empire! So don't talk nonsense! Better yet, remember the old anecdote:
            "The Russian invaders broke into villages, auls, camps, and left behind: cities, factories, schools, theaters, hospitals, airfields and railway stations!"
            1. +1
              April 23 2012 17: 29
              Quote: Atlon
              Come on! What is the "conquest" of Siberia? Whom did they conquer? Who has been herded into the reservations? They occupied empty territories, in fact.
              - these are not empty territories, these are pastures on which pastoral tribes grazed their herds. Those. not empty territories. And the battle was all as it should be in those days. Gathered in two hordes, beat. The locals lost. Will you deny it? What empty land are you talking about? It’s another matter that in those days such a policy seemed normal, therefore, one doesn’t have to justify oneself and at least study a little bit of a dispute and say yes, it was, but you didn’t drive anyone out of the reservation, you just won the right to develop land that according to the conquerors, it is too easy to divert only for cattle breeding needs when a stronger power strained the ground. In fact, it was so, why raise a dispute? Dan099 is right, there is nothing to argue here. Nobody asks for excuses, nobody asks for whitewashing either, you just have to admit that the States are now a geopolitical rival in terms of gaining influence (a modern form of colonization), and that Russia has exactly the same ambitions. That's all, so what? What, Caucasians from this direct recognition will turn away, or Kazakhs? No, as we see, they are ready to support what they can - though few can - not a large population, nor developed industry. But the fact itself.
          4. -1
            April 23 2012 19: 40
            Quote: Dan099
            And the conquest of Siberia by Ermak under the banners with Christ? and the conquest of the Caucasus ...

            Yes, but at the same time, the Russians did not arrange genocide, assimilation, they didn’t drive anyone into the reservations, and it’s surprising that all the "conquered" peoples retained their culture, their language and even acquired something that they never had before - the national intelligentsia ...
            1. -1
              April 23 2012 21: 06
              Quote: Nick
              Yes, but at the same time, the Russians did not arrange genocide, assimilation, they didn’t drive anyone into the reservations, and it’s surprising that all the "conquered" peoples retained their culture, their language and even acquired something that they never had before - the national intelligentsia ...
              - so we write about it, we do not deny it.
              The only question is to maintain objectivity and not be compared to the amers who won the Second World War with the complete absence of Russia (well, so soon laughing , now while "with little participation of Russia - with full it does not work out - eyewitnesses of those events are still alive and the information advantage is not so comprehensive).
  2. +12
    April 23 2012 12: 04
    The conclusion of the article is simple: One hegemon is we are great states. And therefore we climbed, we climb and we will climb.
    [Therefore, any process that is associated with governments in the region, even too weak or too anti-Western, to ultimately support us, and even in which partnership with America is no longer welcome, should trigger US strategic interests regardless of electoral the mechanisms by which these governments come to power. [/ quote]

    The Arab Spring is widely represented as a regional youth-led revolution in the name of liberal democratic principles. But in Libya these forces do not dominate, and it is unlikely that it will already exist as a state.

    Read more: http://topwar.ru/13734-novaya-doktrina-vmeshatelstva.html

    Here it is the key phrase of the article. translate. In a country where we cannot establish our order, we will lead it to dismemberment and destruction.
    1. vadimus
      +9
      April 23 2012 12: 10
      And when, tell me, did the states not intervene somewhere? Everywhere to run hairy hands, rummage through the pockets of others, this is the real policy of overseas power brokers ... When will they get enough and burst?
      1. +6
        April 23 2012 12: 19
        vadimus,
        In the childhood did not dabble so? if the mosquito, when it has already started to suck blood, press slightly to prevent it from pulling out the trunk and taking off, then it cannot stop already and will suck until it bursts. Here, already in my mine, the states went into abrasion, but the strength was already not enough.
        1. Vadim555
          +5
          April 23 2012 12: 35
          Quote: vorobey
          Here, already in my mine, the states went into abrasion, but the strength was already not enough.


          Good afternoon.
          With a mosquito, it’s subtly noticed, though I’m afraid that when they burst, the whole world will be splattered.

          Interesting Facts.
          The collapse of the United States - a consequence of the crisis
          http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hItONa9JCDQ&feature=related
          1. +3
            April 23 2012 12: 37
            And here the main thing is to let go on time so that I could not take off for a spider a tidbit.
            Although ... a spider has already bought half of America - China
    2. Goga
      +7
      April 23 2012 12: 10
      vorobey - That's right, Colleague, and they will climb - only they figured out how to send thousands of army contingents and incur losses - it is cheaper to buy several local "democrats", to plant the "opposition" with stale weapons - and the result will be better (for them) than with direct intervention. And even more so if it smells of oil there.
      1. +3
        April 23 2012 12: 27
        Goga, I like their terms more and more.
        -war effort
        - humanitarian intervention
        -social network elements
        - internet experience
      2. +6
        April 23 2012 12: 34
        Quote: Gogh
        sending thousands of army contingents and incurring losses - it is cheaper to buy a few local "democrats", to plant old weapons at the "opposition" - and the result will be better (for them) than with direct intervention. And even more so if it smells of oil there.

        You are absolutely right. And the fact that under any government there is a person who can present any guano as a cake is no secret either. It just smells like a cake. And yet we must remember that American politicians have a trait. talk a lot and nothing, but for now everyone understands rocking, dragging, tyring everything they managed to grab.
        1. Goga
          +4
          April 23 2012 13: 30
          Locomotive - Colleague, times are changing, methods are changing - the inner essence remains unchanged - as they originally lived by robbing their neighbors, they continue to live by robbery, only on a global scale and with the use of "latest technologies".
          1. +3
            April 23 2012 13: 55
            Goga,
            Locomotive,
            I welcome Igor, Sasha! I completely agree with you. Even nothing to add!
            USA-PIRATES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY !!!
            1. Goga
              -1
              April 23 2012 19: 47
              sergo0000 - greetings Sergey! That's right, with a small addition - these shots were pirated not only in the 21st century, but throughout the entire 20th century - the "way of existence" is such ...
    3. Che
      Che
      +5
      April 23 2012 12: 41
      I wish Amers drown in the shit that they created in the Middle East. Amen. fellow
      1. +4
        April 23 2012 12: 53
        Quote: Che
        I wish Amers drown in the shit that they created in the Middle East. Amen

        There are already tendencies for a positive solution to this statement. Take Afghanistan for example. drinks
        1. +3
          April 23 2012 14: 00
          Quote: Che
          I wish Amers drown in the shit that they created in the Middle East. Amen

          Quote: Steam Train
          There are already tendencies for a positive solution to this statement. Take Afghanistan for example.

          I join the wish! The most important thing for our country is to defend its interests in the Caucasus and Central Asia! Prevent the use of airfields in Georgia and Azerbaijan to attack Iran!
  3. ANTURAG
    +6
    April 23 2012 12: 24
    In the end, they burst and unsaturated, a matter of time. They still have a mess inside the states ... Maybe that's why external conflicts obscure internal problems.
  4. bad
    bad
    +5
    April 23 2012 12: 39
    Of course, they are still parasites, but the USSR resisted them with dignity. And what now - they still have a clear doctrine and plan for several five-year plans ahead, what and what country to do. And with us - no strategy. We vote in Libya and the very next day we say that it didn’t work out very well ... All the time we bend under someone. Because government officials do not care about the state, but more about themselves
    1. +4
      April 23 2012 12: 58
      I partially agree. We bend somewhere and not somewhere. The foreign policy of the states provides the army. Therefore, it is now more correct to concentrate on internal problems and rearmament of the army. And in the world, people are increasingly thinking about the role of states and their achievements. Now our Foreign Ministry is working much more efficiently than a whole army or the State Department.
      1. 0
        April 23 2012 14: 31
        Sasha, I’m welcoming! Partially and a colleague agrees with you! I would say that the State Department and the CIA now determine their foreign policy with their satellites such as NGOs in different countries of the world, and the army is in the wings for intimidating intimidation. And as we see in Iran , not everywhere they break off!
  5. +5
    April 23 2012 13: 21
    Old Henry did not say anything new. It is no secret that the US priority in the Middle East has been and remains the existence of Israel as a strong state. States, even to the detriment of their own economic and political benefits, would seem to be covering Tel Aviv. Otherwise, the Jewish lobby in the States will show the local authorities what they really are without their (Jews) money and influence.
  6. vladimir64ss
    +1
    April 23 2012 14: 08
    Within the boundaries of these general limitations, American politics has considerable scope for creativity in promoting humanitarian and democratic values.
    go completely: http://topwar.ru/13734-novaya-doktrina-vmeshatelstva.html --------------- One-on-one Nazi rhetoric from the time of the attack on the USSR. The story of even smart villains does not teach anything.
  7. Patriot
    +2
    April 23 2012 14: 12
    Speak correctly! By the way, what is the doctrine in Russia now?

    In addition to ruining the army, destroying the country and making constant concessions to the United States NATO everywhere!
    1. -1
      April 23 2012 14: 24
      Quote: Patriot
      Speak correctly! By the way, what is the doctrine in Russia now?

      In addition to ruining the army, destroying the country and making constant concessions to the United States NATO everywhere!

      Great buddy! As always, a bullseye!
    2. +2
      April 23 2012 16: 51
      Quote: Patriot
      In addition to ruining the army, destroying the country and making constant concessions to the United States NATO everywhere!


      Something that doesn’t hurt from our concessions and the destruction of the army and the country is flourishing, as it was in the 90s, when these processes were especially active in Russia.
      The crisis and unemployment in Spain, Greece, Portugal, where unemployment reaches 20% and many people who have lost their jobs are forced to live in campsites and cars because they are evicted from housing for non-payment, the level of social spending in the UK and France is reduced, which causes massive protests first of all migrants. I don’t want to talk about the United States, recently there were articles on the site, but at least they’ll print green papers for themselves and make them fly around the world with the help of aircraft carriers. From them take an example and pan-Europeans-
      Moreover, the EU political leaders have no imagination. It all comes down to one simple thought - as soon as the problems worsen, you need to print the money and fill it with the problem. Accordingly, everyone reacts in the same standard way - speculative markets immediately grow, as equity money appears, they go to these markets, speculators take profits, the circle is over. Apart from higher prices, cost inflation, and lowering living standards. There is no question of any strategy or plans in this situation. It all comes down to a simple thought: "We would only have to stand a day, and hold out the night." Well, and, of course, find some kind of "objective" reason for which trouble can be blamed. Well, as the height of intelligence, create such a reason yourself. And what could be the reason? Only the villainous policies of Putin and Russia, which first ruined their country and army with their concessions, insidiously accustomed the Geyropeans to live beyond their means.

      Then, in the ruins of Europe ...- Excuse me ... Europe ... did I ruin too? - No, this is the policy of your concessions, Mr. Putin ...
      1. +1
        April 23 2012 18: 36
        Quote: Ascetic
        The crisis and unemployment in Spain, Greece, Portugal, where unemployment reaches 20% and many people who have lost their jobs are forced to live in campsites and cars because they are evicted from housing for non-payment, the level of social spending in the UK and France is reduced, which causes mass protests first of all migrants.

        It would be interesting to see us without oil, gas, steel, cast iron, wood, grain, etc., i.e. of all the raw materials that we export from the country, instead of processing it and exporting finished products! Could live in general like Christ’s bosom! As they say, how many people have the world’s population - 1,5-2%, and minerals - 20-25 the world’s total and this is only explored !!! And in terms of per capita income we live in an 60 or 80 place, somewhere like that, I don’t remember exactly! But in Qatar, for example, there people ride on the same gas like cheese in oil or in Saudi Arabia for oil! And we have everything and gas and oil, etc. etc. So do not la la! It’s useless to hang noodles on my ears! We are in first place for one indicator: the number of dollar billionaires and millionaires! only in the west did they beat their fortunes for centuries, great-grandfather started a business and great-grandson is a billionaire, and we became billionaires very quickly, following the results of privatization !!!
        1. -2
          April 23 2012 20: 01
          Quote: nycsson
          It would be interesting to see us without oil, gas, steel, cast iron, wood, grain, etc., i.e. all the raw materials that we export from the country,

          And in the USA it would be interesting to see if only 70% of their territory would be in the permafrost zone.
          TO EACH HIS OWN!
          1. -1
            April 23 2012 23: 02
            Quote: Nick
            And in the USA it would be interesting to see if only 70% of their territory would be in the permafrost zone.
            TO EACH HIS OWN!

            It is, but in our permafrost zone there is a relatively small percentage of the population with all the consequences ...........
            And yet, in Canada the same situation as ours, only they live much better ........
  8. +1
    April 23 2012 18: 37
    It seems that the amers themselves are not happy with their stick stuck in a barrel with the Arab world!
  9. 0
    April 23 2012 19: 05
    Humanitarian assistance - a type of gratuitous assistance (assistance); livelihoods distributed free of charge among the population of areas affected by a humanitarian catastrophe or standing on its verge. For the conditions of an armed conflict, the International Court of Justice defined permissible humanitarian assistance as “the provision of food, clothing, medicine and other humanitarian assistance, but this does not include the provision of weapons, weapons systems, ammunition or other equipment, vehicles and materials that can be used to cause serious bodily harm or death. ” Humanitarian assistance differs from foreign aid in its urgent nature and in that it is used to alleviate the plight of victims of natural disasters.

    Amer’s not only misinterpret the meaning (humanitarian - non-profitable, without profit), but also violate the decision of the International Court of Justice by supplying weapons and inciting discord between peoples. And this is all through humanitarian channels.
    1. 0
      April 23 2012 20: 03
      They also invented a new term, "humanitarian bombing".
  10. KAZAKHSTAN
    0
    April 24 2012 11: 10
    It’s all about Western thinking ... ancient Rome lived in raids on neighbors, their lands were ravaged by people, they were sold into slavery and they lived, they turned religion into a political instrument.
    The inhabitants of Europe and the United States in the 21st century are a piece of meat devoid of morality and spirituality, the right to choose and the right to vote. A piece of meat with a blurred mind living in a dream .. This meat must be woken up, give it a weapon in hand and an idea and with their hands to overthrow the governments of the West

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"