Locks of Perigord, one by one ... (part two)

When the Messiers from Castelno Castle conceded hostility with the barons from Beynak Castle, they, of course, could not have thought about what would happen 800 years later, but dreamed of only one thing: how to gain more supporters and, leaning on all their strength, defeat their opponents .

View of the castle Beynak and Castle Feyrak. In the photo he is in the left corner.

Moreover, opponents in the truest sense of the word - after all, the Beynak Castle stood directly opposite the Castle of Castelnau. On the contrary, but not so close. And then the owners of Castelno decided themselves to approach the enemy, as far as the boundaries of their fiefdoms allowed, and thereby strengthen their position. No sooner said than done! At the very border, right in the middle of Beynak and Castelno in the same XIII century, they erected a guard castle, preserved to this day, although from the past there were only cellars with Gothic vaults and a round tower.

Castle Fayrac. From this angle, it is usually all photographed, because the sign with a warning sign interferes with the approach.

Here is the sign.

In the 14th century, the castle was called “the towers of Feirac”. Apparently there was a garrison headed by a seneschal, day and night watching what was happening in Beynak Castle. But in 1342, Raoul de Camon, the brother of Bertrand de Camon, gave him as a dowry to his daughter, which he gave as his wife to some small knight. And he in a flash became the castle owner and already served as a father-in-law not for fear, but for conscience. During the Hundred Years War, the “Fayrak towers” ​​still served as the outpost of Castelnaud, which was very important. After all, his lords supported the king of England, while the lords of the castle Beynack stood for the king of France. And, of course, he had nothing to do with the Cathars. They were finished in these places long before the first stone was laid in its foundation.

Bridge over the Dordogne River and the castle of Fayrac.

The road to the castle.

In 1459, the castle passed to Leonard de Prosuhet. Just the Count of Perigord, wanting to reward his comrade-in-arms for valor, gave him the “gift of the lands of Treille d'Affeyrac,” and so that everything would be legal, marry again the next heiress of the castle, so that she would not miss her master and husband. At the same time, an entrance was attached to the castle with a drawbridge leading to the courtyard.

From all sides the castle surrounds the forest.

Want to look at the castle from a bird's eye view? Get in the balloon gondola and fly. In the air, while private property is not provided.

In the 1529 documents of the year, you can find evidence that Raymond de Prouhet, Baron Fayrac, decorated the inner chambers of the castle and added a house in a style reminiscent of the architecture of the Italian Renaissance.

We approach the castle and see that inside it is very well-maintained, and there is a large tennis court nearby.

Here it is - from a height. At the gate there are four cars at once. The owners go somewhere or they go to the owners ... Who knows?

Once again, the next heiress of the castle marries a certain Gene de Blanier, or Blancher, an adviser to the parliament, who once passed through the castle, and was filled with it. In this marriage were born two sons, Jean de Blancher, Baron Fayrac, and Pierre, who made a career in the magistracy and were advisers in the parliament of Bordeaux. And everything happened just as the immortal Dumas the Father wrote about it in his novel The Three Musketeers (the place where D'Artagnan talks with the Musketon at the bed of the wounded Porthos): Jean became a Protestant, while Pierre remained a Catholic. During the "wars of faith" Firac belonged to Protestants, along with the castles of Castelnau, Beynac, Dom, Miland, Saint-Cyprien, Serre, Campian, Slinjak, Paluel, Garrig and Monfort. Jean was lucky, and he survived, although he was a Huguenot, but Pierre was killed "on the night of Saturday of the sixteenth of September 1580 of the year" in accordance with the chronicle of the Canon of Siroille. Shortly thereafter, Jean de Blancher married Simone de Vivant, daughter of Geoffroy de Vivant “The Militant” (the same one that was discussed in the first part of this material), the captain of the castle of Castelnaud. After the taking of Domme, Geoffroy de Vivant entrusted the protection of the city to his son-in-law.

As you can see, the castle is well fortified: there is a moat between the walls, and a drawbridge leads to the old part of it. The five-story tower with windows is the newest building, although it already has a lot of years. Behind the roof is a square tower, so here - look closely, you can see two satellite dishes at once. That is, the owners of the castle of progress are by no means alien. And it is obvious that they have both television and the Internet at their disposal!

In 1789, the then owners of the castle emigrated, and he was declared state property and sold under the hammer. He was bought by a lawyer from Sarlat named Geiro, who rebuilt the castle, which required substantial expenses from him. Then the castle belonged to the composer Fernand de la Tombel, who continued to restore it. how historical The castle monument was registered on March 31, 1928. During the years of German occupation, makizars periodically lived in it. Well, now, like his famous neighbors, Beynak, Castelno, Miland and Marquessac, he has become part of a tourist complex, known as the “Valley of Six Castles”.

There he is - Castle Fayrac. It would be nice to buy one yourself, especially since “everything is there” in the nearby villages. There is a delicatessen shop, there is a jewelry store, three restaurants of French cuisine, and what else can people living in such a castle need? For fun, you can open the “Restaurant of Russian Cuisine” and feed visiting tourists with borsch and dumplings, as well as pancakes with red and black caviar and salted milk mushrooms under vodka. But that's someone as you like, you can just lie to yourself on the tower, spit down on the grass and just sunbathe while drinking Burgundy ...

But only if you want to visit it, then you will fail. Because, although this castle is a historical monument, it belongs, as well as the land around it to a private person, that is, to the owner of the castle. And it is the very face, unlike many other owners of castles, who gladly take tourists on them, acting as guides, do not want to let anyone into their house. So you can only admire it from a distance, at a local museum (model) or from a balloon basket.

In the local museum you can see the layout of this castle ...

Including from the side where it is never removed.

Chateau de Miland is also located nearby - a beautiful castle ... not a castle, but, in a word, something similar to it. About him it is known that he was built in the Renaissance style in 1489, when Claude de Cardalyac asked her husband, Baron Castelnau, to build for her something not so much large and “medieval” as their family nest - Castelnau.

Chateau de Miland.

And the "castle" was built and until 1535 was their main residence of the family, and then completely became their second home, even when they began to spend more and more time in Versailles. During the revolution, the castle was confiscated and periodically changed owners, until in 1870, it was not acquired by the rich industrialist Clavier. At the castle he set up a beautiful French garden, and for some reason he added a square tower to the building itself. Then the castle was sold again, but in 1947, it was not someone who bought it, but Josephine Baker herself, a popular black dancer and star of the Parisian scene, an American in origin and one of the brightest women of the twentieth century.

Banana Skirt Josephine Baker.

And this is she herself - “the black pearl of the Parisian variety show”. (Photo 1926 of the year)

Today, the castle is open to the public and its museum is open, which presents a collection of her outfits for performances, including the famous banana skirt, which has become her signature costume for many years. Tourists are waiting for everything else with a falconry show. And here centenary magnolias grow and one of the most beautiful views of the Dordogne river valley opens up.

To be continued ...

Comments

[Cheburator]

Beautiful castles
And the black pearl is good

It would be nice to buy such a possession

Of course not bad, even very good

[Cat]

Then, as it were, the content would not go broke!
Vyacheslav Olegovich! Thank you so much for the new cycle, read in one go!

[Cheburator]

I think so - if there is money for the acquisition, then nothing more to think about the content.
In this part, an old joke is recalled.
The new Russian shows his friends a new very expensive million-dollar handmade car and paints its stuffing: diamond reflectors, leather interior of a black rhino, etc. etc.
Friends ask: How is she on the go?
The owner says: I don’t drive it: it eats a lot of gas

[Cat]

Why a joke? My neighbor 15 years in the garage was Meres-600. Every weekend in summer he drove out of the garage - "licked it" and drove back in an hour or two! For fifteen years of owning the Merina, he dashed about 4 km!

[Looking for]

"I think so - if there is money for the acquisition, then there is nothing more to think about the maintenance." etc. for which, often the content of "birth nests" is an overwhelming burden.

[Razvedka_Boem]

In Europe, castles were built in the thousands .. I was surprised, because these are capital structures that cost more than one century, and some may even be more than a thousand years old, but it turns out that the construction of such a castle was commonplace and not difficult. If I may say so, they baked them like hot cakes.
As I understand it, the locks remained a purely European feature, as in the East or Russia, larger fortresses were built.
Correct me if I am mistaken.

[igordok]

Quote: Razvedka_Boem

As I understand it, the locks remained a purely European feature, as in the East or Russia, larger fortresses were built.

In the north-west of Russia, Novgorod and Pskov had an interesting "tactic" for building small fortifications - suburbs. The suburbs, as a rule, had wood-earth fortifications, in which, in the event of an invasion, the inhabitants of the surrounding villages took refuge in addition to suburban residents. The duties of the suburb included; inform the city; Novgorod or Pskov, about the invasion, send a small detachment to help the city, if possible, withstand the siege. The invaders, as a rule, did not leave the suburbs not captured, to have “partisans” in the rear, an unpleasant thing. And to capture the suburbs, the invaders took resources, and time, and manpower, and weapons. After the capture of the suburbs, the aggressor could profit from the reserves of the suburbs, but they could not compensate for the losses.

Memorial sign on the preserved rampart of Krasnogorodsk Pskov reg.

[Cat]

No less interesting was the defense system that existed in the south of the Moscow state, the so-called "spotted" or "spotted line" system.
The culmination of its development was already reached under Catherine the Great, when irregular military units were formed in the Volga region, in the Urals and Siberia to defend the so-called "lines". For example, Iset Line. In fact, the very same Orenburg was moved three times downstream the Ural River in order to increase defense capability and control the territory. Fortress factories Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Chebarkul were created by the same nodal points of the defense complex. For example, with the advent of the Siberian tract, Yekaterinburg relied on fortresses: Grobovskaya, Klinovskaya, Kungur, etc. towards Kazan.

[3x3zsave]

So the prison was not originally a place of detention, but fortified settlements of the same irregulars.

[Cat]

In fact, the prison was originally used as “graveyards” or “forts,” where tribute (yasak) was collected and accumulated from the local population. Naturally, it was a purely defensive structure. Sometimes consisting of a single hut with loopholes, fenced with a picket fence or a polysad.

[Cat]

The serf (serif) character of the founding foundation was even reflected in the heraldry of modern settlements, the former - fortresses and fortifications.
Napimer coat of arms - Klinovsky settlement.

The emblem depicts a diagram of the original Klinovskaya fortress, as described in archival documents.
Coat of arms of the Pyshminsky settlement.

No comments needed. He is also a jail in Africa - a jail.

[kalibr]

In Russia, the princes had castles. But they were wooden and therefore not preserved. There were castles in the East, in particular, every feudal lord had a castle in Japan. In China, there were no fortified cities, there were no castles. But in India there were castles, but huge, sometimes more than European fortresses.

[Cat]

Yes, the so-called Detinets.
Some of them survived even during the Tatar-Mongol invasion. For example - Hill, Kremnets. Also did not fall the fortress city of Danilov.

[3x3zsave]

I think that this situation was due to many reasons.
1. The abundance of the basic building material is limestone.
2. Features of feudal relations.
3. The heyday of the construction of castles came in the "fat years" of climatic optimum (1100-1330gg.) And as a result, a general improvement in living standards.

[Cat]

But the construction timeline is also impressive. On average, from half a century to two or three centuries !!)

[Razvedka_Boem]

I think that the dates indicated by you are not the date of construction of the castle itself, but the total time until their owners finished various extensions and additional towers.
I am just surprised by the number of European castles.
Yes, they were not built on the same time period, but given their number, we can conclude both the skill and the number of builders. Indeed, many castles are not made of limestone, but of stone.
I doubt that in our time they will be able to erect a similar building in a couple of years, which will stand for at least 500 years ..)

[3x3zsave]

You are wrong, Vladislav, 5-10 years, on the main project, everything else, completion and restructuring of subsequent owners. The record holder for the speed of construction is Chateau-Gaillard (2,5 years).

[Cat]

Donjion and the local fortifications were indeed erected in a swoop. But overall, as defense complexes, castles were built for decades. Grandfather was building a covered gallery, dad - a barbican, son - a turret.

[Mikado]

The Donjion and the local fortifications were indeed erected in one fell swoop

the children of the Yam fortress were erected in a month. The benefit of the people caught up from all over Novgorod, and the blessing was given by Novgorod Archbishop Alexei. With God's help, everything is fast! touched by the Swedes. Really "fabulous people." Over the century of ownership of the coast of the Gulf of Finland, they really did not pour bastions to the Pit, and even ... did not measure in the right amount of depth near the island of Kotlin!

[Cat]

Good evening Nikolai!
If I am not mistaken, Oreshek was built for almost a decade, then our ancestors and Swedes modernized for almost half a century.
A good example was given in a previous article by Mikhail (Luga) with Ivan the city and Narva, when for almost a century the fortresses were rebuilt as a counterweight to each other.
Practice shows that donjions, citadels, and children’s were built in one fell swoop, but in the future the process of completion and improvement was delayed. Especially seriously the modernization of the fortresses was influenced by the appearance of artillery.
Regards, Vlad!

[Mikado]

Especially seriously the modernization of the fortresses was influenced by the appearance of artillery.

Naturally, yes, I agree, Vladislav. And in development too! The Kronstadt fortress is indicative of this. Until the beginning of the 19th century, most of its fortifications were wood-earthen. Only in the first half of the 19th century the forts began to change into stone, the most powerful fort "Alexander I" was completed only in the early 1860s and .. instantly out of date! Because the rifled cannon quickly made these already stone forts useless!

[Luga]

Quote: Razvedka_Boem

In Europe, castles were built in the thousands ..

Quote: Razvedka_Boem

in the East or Russia, larger fortresses were built.

A characteristic, distinctive feature of the castle is that it is, among other things, the dwelling of the feudal lord, i.e. owner of the surrounding area. How many estates there are so many castles, in every castle there is a knight. In Russia, land tenure spread only a century ago in the XV century, and before that there was a large (patrimonial) land tenure. Princes and boyars, who lived permanently in fortified cities, were the estates, they controlled the lands with the help of governors, they did not need castles.
In our north (Pskov, Novgorod, Leningrad regions), fortified settlements were built, but, basically, either in the 9th – 10th centuries, and precisely as settlements, sort of microcities for everyone, and not “houses for the feudal lord,” or during the times of the Moscow state , but then it was already real big fortresses, such as Ivangorod, Yama (Kingisepp), Gdov, etc. Moreover, in the XIII - XIV centuries. they broke down the fortifications built by the invaders, Germans or Swedes (Koporye, Landskrona) or simply did not rebuild after destruction by the same invaders (Kaybolovo, Gorodets, Tesovo), because even a small garrison in them (and no one needs a fortress without a garrison) is too expensive, unprofitable.
So we really did not have castles, as such, because there was no land tenure, and it was unprofitable for the governments of the principalities (at least, in the north) to maintain fortresses with garrisons. It’s not difficult to build a castle, it’s hard to hold it later. In the south, closer to Kiev, I read, there was a slightly different situation - they put up some kind of prison with garrisons, guarding the steppe men, but even there, at the head of the garrison was a service man, a combatant, and not the owner of the surrounding lands, the feudal lord, who was vitally interested in gaining maximum strength terrain for yourself and your descendants.

[igordok]

Quote: Luga

So we really did not have castles, as such, because there was no land tenure, and it was unprofitable for the governments of the principalities (at least, in the north) to maintain fortresses with garrisons.

I agree. The suburbs are almost self-sustaining, but you cannot do without the help of Novgorod or Pskov. Otherwise, it will come out sideways.

Quote: Luga

In the south, closer to Kiev, ...

Rather west of Kiev. "Corrupt" influence of the West. Castle-like fortresses, often from one tower.

Kamenetskaya Vezha near Brest.

[Luga]

Quote: igordok

Kamenetskaya Vezha near Brest.

I’m not sure what exactly this tower was built in the 13th century, as it is written in reference books. I am not a specialist in construction, but I see two obvious inconsistencies of this version, I see: firstly, the material - in the second half of the XIII century. built mainly of natural stone, not brick. Secondly, more significantly - the shape of the tower. They began to build round military installations after the appearance of artillery - to counter the cores. Prior to this, the towers were set square. So the Kamenetsk tower, most likely of the XVI century, although, perhaps, it even probably stands on the site of an older tower. It is necessary that archaeologists excavate and explore the foundation, then it becomes clear.
And the absence or presence of locks depends solely on the economy (like, in fact, everything else). If the estate produces enough surplus product to contain the knight and his detachment, there will be a knight and detachment in it. If not, there will be the governor of a large estate. In Europe, agriculture is much more productive, it is warmer there, so a knight from a relatively small area could feed himself, his family, a small detachment, buy weapons and armor, and even build a castle, knowing that his children and grandchildren would later live in this castle ... It was comparatively cold in Russia, agriculture is not so productive, population density is much lower, so putting a knight on a small estate did not make sense - you won’t get money from him for a knight, detachment, castle, and weapons. As a result, there were large estates, whether princely or boyars, their owners were sitting at the prince's court and their warriors were there, and not everyone on their estate, as in Europe.
It’s just that they lived richer in Europe, both then and now. This historical fact, due to natural conditions and comparative geographical position, is no more.

[Curious]

You, obviously, are mistaken on all counts.

Two points.
The first, the bergfried, non-residential dominant tower of the castle, as a rule, was cylindrical in shape and spread throughout medieval Germany and the Czech Republic.
And the second - brick, Hanseatic or North German Gothic - a type of Gothic style of architecture, common in Northern Germany, Poland, Belarus and the Baltic in the XIII-XVI centuries. Red ceramic brick as a building material began to be used in Northern Europe in the XII century, so the most ancient brick samples belong to the so-called "brick romanica". In the XVI century. Brick Gothic was replaced by the “Brick Renaissance”.
And in the photo, Lynn Castle in Germany is the XNUMXth century.

[Luga]

Quote: Curious

You, obviously, are mistaken on all counts.

I just expressed doubt about the age of the tower. And these doubts, it seems to me, have reason to arise.
I agree that the brick as a material has been used in construction, including in Russia since time immemorial, but in the 13th century, mainly made plinth-shaped bricks, and here we see clearly molded bricks. In addition, I have not come across information about the use in the XIII century. brick as a material for the construction of military structures. All precisely dated brick buildings, as a rule, are churches and cathedrals in Europe, in Russia.
The tower architecture itself (the presence of several tiers of loopholes, including a “plantar battle”), is uncharacteristic for the XIII century. The relatively wide loopholes on the fourth tier are clearly intended for artillery.
In addition, if I am not mistaken, during the Russian-Polish war 1654 -1667 the tower was destroyed and then rebuilt.
As for the shape of the tower, then, I agree, it could be round. If you take it to the towers of the so-called "Volyn type", then among these towers there are both square and round. I involuntarily focused on the military architecture of the north-west of Russia, with which, for the most part, I personally know, and we began to build round towers only in the 15th century. But even in Chervonnaya and Belaya Rus round towers began to appear only at the end of the 13th century, so this is perhaps one of the first, according to the current dating.
The bottom line is: to date the tower of the XIII century. theoretically possible, but with a number of assumptions. However, it would be simpler and more logical to assume that in the process of its existence it was substantially rebuilt in accordance with the requirements of the new era, in which case no assumptions are required.
And by the way, as I understand it, most researchers agree that the Kamenetsk tower was not a dungeon, or housing, but was used exclusively as a military building, so to speak, a key point in the system of wood-earth defensive structures. Therefore, again, it is impossible to imagine it as a castle or a prototype of a castle.

[ruskih]

Castle-like fortresses, often from one tower.

"After the frequent wars that repeatedly devastated this region for many centuries, only the pillar tower survived from the entire palace and fortification ensemble ..... Of all the city fortifications, only one tower has survived today. The Kamenetsk tower ( the annalistic name - the pillar of stones) has the shape of a cylinder crowned with 14 teeth.The base of the tower is a stone foundation 2,3 m high and wall thickness 3,7 m, the outer diameter of the foundation 16 m. on pure fine river sand of whitish color.
The walls of the Kamenets Tower are made of two-color block-shaped brick of dark red and yellowish color, made of local fine-grained clay. The size of the brick is 26,5x13,5x8 cm. On one pastel, the brick has furrows, hence its name - furrowed, or palm. The solution on which the masonry lay was whitish-gray. The thickness of the joints is 2-4 cm. One of the main components of the masonry mortar was lime, obtained by burning a natural lump - limestone.
link: http: //www.kamenec-tour.by/putevoditel/32-
dosug / muzei / 239-muzej-kamenetskaya-bashnya.html

[Mikado]

I read it with pleasure. It seems that we have another Viktor Nikolaevich, only without wild monkeys eh Elena?

[ruskih]

Well what are you It is impossible to compare with Viktor Nikolaevich! It remains only to follow him But I really want to finally see his articles

[Mikado]

I’m not afraid of the word, he taught me a lot. First of all, critical thinking. For which many thanks to him.

[Olgovich]

The castles were not impressed: yes, beautiful, cautious, comfortable, but nothing special.
There are much more beautiful and original.

Migrants will like it.

[3x3zsave]

Your remark is very similar to the impression of the “new Russian” from visiting the Hermitage: “You are poor, ... but clean!”

[Olgovich]

Quote: 3x3zsave

Your cue is very look like the impression of a "new Russian" from visiting Hermitage: "Poor you, ... but clean!"

Only the ignoramus can these remodels cause associations with the Hermitage. Even in the saying.

[Curious]

Anton, did you decide to test the well-known theory of the relationship between touch and smell?

[Horseman without a head]

Any castle is the personification of power
And relics
But beautiful of course

[BRONEVIK]

Beauty
Thanks to the author for an interesting story.

[Cat]

The serf (serif) character of the founding foundation was even reflected in the heraldry of modern settlements, the former - fortresses and fortifications.
Napimer coat of arms - Klinovsky settlement.

The emblem depicts a diagram of the original Klinovskaya fortress, as described in archival documents.
Coat of arms of the Pyshminsky settlement.

No comments needed.

[Razvedka_Boem]

The topic is interesting, yet in Europe there were also a lot of forests, but they were often built of stone.
Perhaps we will see an article by the author about Old Russian fortifications.

[kalibr]

You can write. But where to get the illustrations?

[Cat]

Quote: kalibr

You can write. But where to get the illustrations?

On this topic Oleg Vyacheslavovich you can not argue.
Even what we lose ...

The remains of the Ostrog fake decations near the village of Kamenka on the river. Chusovaya. Created for the filming of the movie "Golden Woman"!
Sadly, a tree is not a stone. But there is something worth mentioning and showing!

Golden Gate. Vladimir!

[Curious]

The modern administrative district of de Sarlat-la-Canéda geographically corresponds to the Black Perigord. It contains 372 objects, protected as historical monuments. Castles, including more than fifty. But there are more churches. But there is still Central Perigord. So after the "castles of Perigord" begs the cycle "church of Perigord."

[Cat]

Ah yes Victor Nikolaevich! With a subtle hint of Vyacheslav Olegovich on volumetric continuation !!!
And we do not mind, only for, and with all paws !!!

[kalibr]

There is a problem. Castles have a story. The temples also have it, but another and it is more difficult to get. You read my articles about the churches of Cyprus. It turned out interesting because I was everywhere there. And where I haven’t been, but there is a lack of information, it is very difficult to write.

[Curious]

Yes, here you are, Vyacheslav Olegovich, right. You can write about churches either as outstanding architectural and construction monuments, or as witnesses and participants in some well-known historical events. With the first in Perigord it will be difficult. With the second, it’s easier, because the “front line” of the Hundred Years War passed through Perigord, and even during the Reformation it was not boring, and the Huguenots were cut no worse than in Paris.
But, of course, the work is complex and time-consuming, especially considering that the bulk of the information is in French.

[Cat]

Yep Vyacheslav Olegovich? Off two solutions to the problem.
1. Members of the forum will take a trip to you and send you to France to write articles, although I think the rector will be against it. The school year and all that.
2. Declare a desident and a spyen and then deport you to France! Here the rector will have no choice ....
3. There is a third! But you absolutely will not like it ...
Best regards, Evil Cotischeee.

[kalibr]

The site has 40 thousand registered visitors. If everyone throws off 10 rubles, then it will be 400 thousand and this is enough for 4 trips. To all the interesting places in France. But how to do this? You can go in the summer, I can also take a vacation without maintenance. And you can start with the castles of the Loire ... there is something to write about and what to shoot. But such a thing is unlikely to succeed. The reality is that this summer I will again pass Poland, Hungary - Budapest and Eger, from there to Serbia and Croatia. From the museum of Vojvodina, where there are three beautiful Roman helmets, they did not answer me, so I have to act on a common basis. Well, there’s something I’ll see for sure there is interesting. So there will be articles ... The daughter was supposed to go to Oslo, but ... did not grow together.

[Cat]

So, all the promises are fixed on tape!
But seriously! We are ready to wish you a bunch of plans !!! The main thing is that they all work out and work out.
Regarding fundraising, the idea is quite robust. Consider contacting the site’s administration about how they would react to this.
Regards, Vlad!

[Curious]

Regarding the "site administration" - this, of course, is a high level of satire. They will better buy shovels and fans with this money and repel them in a week on the articles of local pen arobats.

[kalibr]

Yes, dear Vlad, there are many plans. One of the publishers ordered me a book about knights and their armor, and now I'm working on it. I’m working on a master’s book - a textbook. Next in line is another textbook ... on elective technologies. Waiting for the Paris Commune. Then, then tanks again ... Yes, yes, there are not many. Moreover, of course, with other drawings and photos, not like in AST, and the presentation is different. Then, probably, there will be locks. And then you should not look.

[Some kind of compote]

I would like to such a castle
If you don’t live
So at least to the garrison

[Cat]

Compote "rake" in the hands and in front - the janitor in the castle!

No offense kidding !!!

[Some kind of compote]

For 10 compotes
a hundred

[NF68]

+ + + + + + + + + +

[Sanya Terek]

In the mountains of the North Caucasus, many one- and two-tower castles have survived. A few photos for example.

Vovnushki.

Wallagcom

Targim