Tactical water tank

52
In any war, of course, water is one of the most essential things for any soldier except for ammunition, grenades, rations. This is not surprising, since an adult needs to drink only about 2 liters of water per day for drinking, and about 4-5 liters come out with cooking and hygienic needs. Without water, a person can live no more than 10 days, and loses combat effectiveness from dehydration somewhere on the second day.

Therefore, when separate divisions and units fell into conditions of severe water shortages, dramatic and bloody battles unfolded for it, when they paid for a bucket of water with a bucket of blood. This was most vividly and revealingly manifested, for example, during the siege of the Adzhimushkay quarries in the summer of 1942. The only well was outside, under the control of the Germans, and in order to get water it was necessary to take the well every time by storm. Inside the quarries, the most desperate efforts were made to collect water. Although the quarries were dry, the limestone was wet. They collected water from the vodokap, specially selected people literally sucked the water out of the walls: they punched a small hole in the limestone, applied to it, pulled out the water, and spat it into a mug or pot.



Tactical water tank

Adzhimushkay quarries. Vodokap.

At one time, I was struck by a 15-meter well, cut down by demining shovels and bayonets in solid limestone inside the stone quarry (pictured below).




The experience of war shows that the battles for water, if they began, always acquired a fierce and tenacious character. But even if there were no such extreme cases, still the campaign for water often turned into a combat operation. During the Chechen war, gunmen ambushed along the river to bombard soldiers who had come to fetch water. In the battle for Grozny, even the water from Sunzha became a luxury for some units, and the soldiers drank water from holes and funnels.

In general, almost any fight in the conditions of the city is under water scarcity. There are few water sources, the water supply usually fails in the first days of the fighting, and the remaining water supplies and tanks are quickly used up by the soldiers of both warring parties and local residents. After a few days of fighting, water in urban fighting becomes a great value. Outside the cities there are more opportunities to replenish water: there are small rivers, springs, lakes or swamps, sometimes you can dig an improvised well, in winter you can collect snow. But these opportunities are acquired by the fact that water has to be brought from afar, for hundreds of meters and even for kilometers from positions.

Of course, among the military property there are quite a lot of various water tanks, there are tank trucks, field kitchens, a variety of water filtering and disinfection facilities, right up to the VFS-10 military filter stations, and various water tanks. like RDV-40, RVD-1500 or RDV-5000 (index indicates capacity in liters). However, motorized rifle units, as shown by experience of wars, usually use other water tanks. In addition to the standard flask with a capacity of 900 grams, a pot with a capacity of 1500 grams of water, 10-liter buckets, 20-liter cans or 38-liter aluminum flasks are used. These types of containers are very good and tested in practice. For example, the Soviet 38-liter aluminum flask, tightened with steel hoops and equipped with a sealed cover with a rubber sealant, is a good example of a reliable, workable capacity.



In the Afghan war, it was the most common type of tank under water used by motorized rifle units. Sometimes you can see in the photographs such a flask, bolted with wire to an armor of an BTR or BMP. If it is holed in an exchange of fire - it does not matter, the hole can be plugged with a wooden chopik.

But these containers have one, extremely serious flaw: they are very inconvenient to carry. For example, a flask should be carried by two people, taking it by the short side handles. Its total weight with water is 46,5 kg, that is, 23 kg for each porter and all this weight falls on the arm and ligaments. Hands quickly get tired. In addition, when carrying the flask clings to the legs. To take it on the shoulder does not allow a lot of weight, a rather large diameter (38 cm), and this technique is available only for a very strong person. The 20-liter canister is more convenient, but when you carry it, all the weight falls on the arm and is very inefficiently distributed to the muscles of the forearm, back and hips. Carrying jars or cans, even hundreds of meters, turns into hard, exhausting work.

Generally, reviewing the army WFD, it is impossible not to notice that their creators were clearly influenced by the high motorization of the Soviet army and supplied the army with tanks that need to be transported, not dragged. Ergonomics and rational carrying of weights were completely ignored, and the designers did not think what they would carry, especially over long distances.

The second drawback of these tanks is that it is difficult to draw water from natural sources, even from rivers. To pour it, you have to immerse the container in water. If the water is drawn from a shallow source, such as a brook or lake, you have to draw a mug or pot for a long time, often with silt and mud. It is clear that the longer the process of water gathering lasts, the more opportunities for the enemy to notice water carriers and fire them. At the same time, the water carriers themselves are virtually defenseless and they need protection. Therefore, in combat conditions, in order to collect several flasks or canisters of water, it is necessary to detach a whole compartment, or even more, taking it away from other tasks. In a battle, when every fighter counts, the extraction and delivery of water becomes a non-trivial problem.

Overlooking the entire set of army water tanks, the absence of a specialized collective tank capable of providing water for the day separation is evident (at the drinking standard, 8 liters of water will be needed for a person from 16), while conveniently taking water from natural sources and carrying it to long distances. The only thing more or less suitable for this task is the X-NUMX-liter army thermos T-12, with a total weight of 12 kg. There are thermoses and more, but only this type is provided with shoulder straps for shoulder wear, the most comfortable and rational (although, we note, the design of the shoulder straps is far from ideal). But thermoses have their own important task - carrying hot food. In addition, thermoses also can not solve the problems of a convenient and fast set of water.


Thermos T-12

So, in the military equipment there is a serious gap - the lack of a collective water tank, convenient for speed dialing from sources, long-distance carrying, disinfection and distribution of water. But such a capacity can be created rather quickly and put into the set of equipment, if we describe the demands put on it.

Firstly, the capacity is about 20 liters, which is enough for a motorized rifle squad. Full weight must not exceed 25-28 kg. Secondly, the container should have shoulder straps to be carried behind the back, similar to the straps of an anatomical backpack, so that the body of the container does not touch the back or hips of the aquifer. Then the tank can be taken in long foot marches, carry it easily and conveniently, without reducing the combat capability of the soldier, who has his hands free. Thirdly, it should be a thermos-container, with thermal insulation. This is required to preserve the chilled water, because when it is heated in water, the oxygen content sharply decreases and it does not saturate and refreshes. Anyone who drank warm water from flasks, knows how disgusting her taste is. The heat insulation of the container will keep the water cool. Fourthly, the container should have not only an upper neck with a screw cap, but also a lower dispensing tap, closed by a folding cheek, so that it can be distributed without loss over the pots or flasks.

Finally, fifthly, and most importantly, the tank should be equipped with a hand pump and a flexible, corrugated hose, similar to a gas mask hose, about a meter long 1-1,5 (the exact size can be selected by testing) that retracts into the container body cavity under the lid. A hand pump with a hose gives the aquifer a decisive tactical advantage. For a set of water, two people are enough: one carries a container, the other guards it. When water is used, one pumps water, the other with weapons at the ready monitors the situation. Fighters can change roles. The pump should be designed to allow water to be pumped with one hand while lying down - this will allow water to be taken secretly from a shelter near a water source. The hose should also have a receiving nozzle that allows you to take water from small sources, pits and funnels from the very surface of the water, equipped with a coarse filter for cleaning from sludge and dirt. If necessary, the water can be disinfected by throwing the right amount of special tablets into the container through the neck.

In combat conditions, such a capacity will allow extracting and delivering water with minimal labor and time, with minimal allocation of fighters for this task, as well as covertly, with the lowest possible risk. This is especially important if the motorized rifle squad operates in isolation from its armored vehicles, for example, in combat in the city, on the march, in a raid or in ambush. Having collected such containers from all departments and having transferred them to a temporary separate department or summary group, it is possible to provide an entire company with water for two flights a day, with the possibility of bringing water from a distance. This can already be a very serious tactical advantage over the enemy.
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  1. +10
    3 February 2018 07: 22
    Dmitry, and how do you imagine using such a capacity? The motorized rifle platoon dismounted, is moving in a raid, in battle or in ambush, and does a special adapted fighter drag 20 liters of water on itself? No, let as usual - each drop by drop in flasks, bottles and drinking bags.
    The container you offer is needed only as a replacement for the thermos you mentioned - 2-3 is delivered with food once a day, if possible. It’s easier to drag a bunch of plastic bottles into a backpack that you can throw away later ...
    In the armies of some countries, water supply stations immediately bottled purified drinking water in bottles ...
    1. +4
      3 February 2018 07: 42
      No, let it be as usual - each drop by drop in flasks, bottles and drinking bags.


      The kettle is better ...
      1. +2
        3 February 2018 07: 52
        The teapot is definitely better ... For the teapot, only a plus .. And tea and eat .. Thing ... I have a samovar - a great thing ... Steeper than the teapot wink
        1. +1
          3 February 2018 13: 32
          Kamrad Tasha, a samovar is certainly good, but at home, but on a trip ..... I imagined this picture: on the march, when the extra gram = kilogram and you and the samovar .. No, I'm better in a bowler hat
    2. +3
      3 February 2018 07: 56
      The RF Armed Forces also have such stations in service. In the summer there was an article by Skomorokhov describing similar installations.
      1. +4
        3 February 2018 08: 06
        Yes, thanks for reminding me.
        Here is a link to the article, since we are talking about water
        https://topwar.ru/123382-stanciya-kompleksnoy-och
        istki-sko-10-5-gigiena-napoit-polk-za-chas.html

        The number of articles on VO is constantly growing. Maybe administrators should post a new article to improve the selection of articles on a similar topic? Hashtags are there, for example. I mean the keywords ... wink
        1. +4
          3 February 2018 08: 44
          In my opinion, the best way would be to create an archive of articles with cross-references: by authors, topics, sections, etc. But this is work that is time and money.
    3. +11
      3 February 2018 09: 14
      Quote: tasha
      Dmitry, and how do you imagine using such a capacity? The motorized rifle platoon dismounted, moving into a raid, into battle or in ambush, and does a special adapted fighter drag 20 liters of water on itself?

      When the USSR believed that it was better not 20, but 12 liters. RDV-12 was the only one designed to be carried by one person

      True, the thing is for some reason not widespread. It seems that everyone used it during the time of the Afghan war, and the supply was not replenished due to the beginning of the collapse of the USSR. I tried in 1999 to knock myself out, because I knew about their existence, but the rear team only shrugged. Got a cone-shaped RDR-40, but it was designed to be carried by two fighters (two loops)

      It was possible to take his larger brother RDV-100 of the same shape and with four loops for carrying, but it is not particularly convenient for the tasks that we faced.
      =====================
      Well, the problem really exists.
      The fact is that the flasks and thermos mentioned by the author are not intended for the distribution of drinking water. From the word in general.
      A fighter’s mug, which appears in such a capacity, is an absolute evil. I had two aluminum flasks into which cranes were cut in the remrot. And I was always afraid that they would be turned to the damn grandmother during transportation.

      Bottled water is great. With constant availability. A bottle from under it is an absolute evil. It really can not be disinfected, it is almost impossible to control the cleanliness of such containers. Therefore, bottled water is potentially dangerous.
      1. +7
        3 February 2018 10: 01
        Quote: Spade
        When the USSR believed that it was better not 20, but 12 liters. RDV-12 was the only one designed to be carried by one person


        I had an experience with a soft flask in Africa. thing is comfortable but ..
        walking on summer Senegal, even the path was not only the direction along the river (I’ll say right away that it was not safe to drink from it) I began to feel moisture on the lower back.
        then I realized, overcoming the barrier from the acacia bushes, I threw a backpack and a flask and I jumped over the bushes myself. one of the thorns, and they have an African acacia, God forbid everyone, pierced my flask.
        As a result, I drank the letter with something that did not pour out and continued the campaign already without water. hoping to find some sort of settlement at the time.
        since then no soft jars! and you cannot drag me into Africa after malaria ,,,,
        1. +7
          3 February 2018 10: 29
          Quote: Maki Avellievich
          pierced my flask

          Agree, the problem is easily solved. A couple of layers of something like Kevlar and a layer of heat insulator. Put a soft container in it.
          1. +2
            3 February 2018 21: 35
            Quote: Spade
            Quote: Maki Avellievich
            pierced my flask
            Agree, the problem is easily solved. A couple of layers of something like Kevlar and a layer of heat insulator. Put a soft container in it.


            I agree, the problem is solved but not solved.
            1. +1
              3 February 2018 22: 33
              Money.
              Firstly, such a tank will be more expensive.
              Secondly, it will be more durable, i.e. buy a new one much later
      2. avt
        0
        3 February 2018 10: 06
        Quote: Spade
        Therefore, bottled water is potentially dangerous.

        good
        Quote: SPLV
        Soft containers are, of course, cheaper.

        Prettier and
        Quote: Spade
        The main problem is they can’t be trivialized around with boiling water 8)))

        And less ... universal or something. In case of porridge you will not cook, and more than once bully
        1. +4
          3 February 2018 10: 58
          Quote: avt
          And less ... universal or something. In case of porridge you will not cook, and more than once

          Here it is here in no time. The potable water tank should only be a potable water tank. Exclusively.
          1. avt
            0
            3 February 2018 11: 56
            Quote: Spade
            The potable water tank should only be a potable water tank. Exclusively.

            Yes Of course -YES, as with medical distillate from alcohol, hydrashka " bully but in life, like the mentioned can, all sorts of things can be adapted more than soft containers. You can boil on occasion and in a plastic bottle, not from a good life.
        2. +1
          3 February 2018 19: 22
          Normally liquid is boiled in a plastic bottle. It only stinks of slack ... Well, once, of course.
      3. +3
        3 February 2018 11: 09
        Quote: Spade
        Therefore bottled water is potentially dangerous
        Probably not bottled water is potentially dangerous, but the reuse of poorly sanitized containers?
        1. +2
          3 February 2018 12: 09
          Quote: Simargl
          Probably not bottled water is potentially dangerous, but the reuse of poorly sanitized containers?

          Both.
          Bottled water is completely safe with its constant supply in containers up to 0.5 liters or 19 liters or more. To exclude "group use" One fighter - one bottle, one flask, one spoon, one mug. (by the way, in the CA and later in the RF Armed Forces they did not brand mugs and spoons, only bowlers, and this is not right). Well, of the 19 liter throats, you won’t drink much.
          Also, with periodic deliveries, the danger is empty containers into which water is poured from extraneous sources.
          1. 0
            3 February 2018 12: 18
            In fact, it is not difficult to disinfect: you need a cesium sterilizer.
            By the way, they are working on this (I know about the civilian market - there are such plans).
            1. +1
              3 February 2018 12: 27
              Quote: Simargl
              In fact, it is not difficult to disinfect: you need a cesium sterilizer.

              It is difficult to assemble them, while excluding reuse.
      4. +4
        3 February 2018 13: 11
        The only thing that is more or less suitable for this task is the 12-liter army thermos T-12, with a total weight of 16,8 kg. There are thermoses and more, but only this type is equipped with straps for shoulder wearing, the most convenient and rational (although, we note, the strap design itself is far from ideal). But thermoses have their own important task - carrying hot food. In addition, thermoses also can not solve the problems of convenient and quick collection of water.


        Why, in the article, the thermos is called "T-12", while its full name is "TVN-12"?
        1. +3
          3 February 2018 14: 52
          Quote: Separ DNR
          Why, in the article, the thermos is called "T-12", while its full name is "TVN-12"?

          There is not much difference between them. TVN-12 with straps, T-12 -without. And the option without straps was definitely present in the troops.
          1. +2
            3 February 2018 14: 54
            Quote: Spade
            TVN-12 with straps, T-12 -without. And the option without straps was definitely present in the troops.

            I did not meet WITHOUT. But figs with them, is, is.
            1. +2
              3 February 2018 19: 42
              Quote: Separ DNR
              Did not meet WITHOUT

              This is civil.
              Under the USSR, they didn’t bother much, and the fighter was taken to the training ground and the tractor driver in the same thermoses in the field. Formally, the T-12 is a civilian version, "BH" is in fact a "military wearable." But he was definitely in the troops, moreover, with an aluminum flask, and not from a stainless steel. We drove guards to such food. And in the companies / batteries were normal TVN
    4. +1
      3 February 2018 11: 13
      Yes, that's what I imagine. And it is more rational. Firstly, the remaining fighters may not gather water in the flasks and take more ammunition. Secondly, having the opportunity to freshen up on a halt with fresh, cold water, the platoon will go farther and carry away more than trying to get drunk with warm and tasteless water from flasks. Thirdly, the centralized distribution of water is the control of its flow by the commander.
      1. +3
        3 February 2018 11: 23
        And it is more rational

        For a number of reasons, no. You would have more experience or imagination. You first mentally scroll your ideas in your head in different situations and only then start sharing them. So it will be really more good, honestly ...
        1. 0
          3 February 2018 14: 54
          Do you seriously believe that I have neither one nor the other? laughing
          1. 0
            4 February 2018 05: 35
            No, I do not believe that you have no experience. The keyword is "bigger." Your imagination is developed, sometimes excessively. wink
            Where is the line between creativity, the search for new, fresh eyes and amateurism?
            1. 0
              4 February 2018 12: 05
              With scant imagination, you know, you can lose the war. laughing laughing

              Do you have to be a super professional? In my opinion, the first concern should be how to win the war.
              1. 0
                4 February 2018 14: 31
                Do you need to be considered a super-professional?

                Well, you wrote stupidity ... Calm down, relax ... It's just ridiculous .. And let's end there. I am sure - do not hold on ...
      2. +1
        3 February 2018 19: 46
        Quote: wehr
        Firstly, the rest of the fighters may not collect water in flasks and take more ammunition.

        This is strictly not allowed. In the North Caucasian Military District, even in the RPM, flasks were worn for the entire hot season.

        Quote: wehr
        Thirdly, the centralized distribution of water is the control of its flow by the commander.

        No expense. This fighter must be trained. But the commander can etch the quality of water and, if necessary, treat aquatabs.
    5. +1
      7 February 2018 01: 01
      I would like to add to the story about the benefits of bottles about the experience of Americans in their famous Somali epic. In their first year there were about 15 thousand cases of dysentery and a bunch of other diseases. After analyzing the reason, the mattresses came to the conclusion that the reason is the use of local water. Even boiling for half an hour did not guarantee its harmlessness. After that, they spent all their years, and for almost 9 years, they brought bottled water from Italy. And they achieved the incidence of dysentery in no more than 300 cases per year.
      In the Czech Republic we had about the same story. In the year 95 in August-September, more than 400 people had hepatitis in our regiment. Just think - almost half. No boiling and chlorination helped. What they just didn’t do: they gave out individual “Trickle” filters, made them wash their hands in front of the dining room, chlorinated the water so that it was impossible to drink, etc. But they still continued to get sick. Only hepatitis vaccines helped stop this disgrace.
  2. +2
    3 February 2018 09: 07
    To take water from a natural reservoir as a manual pump, you can adapt a rubber pear pump with a hose similar to that taken by professional drivers, but it’s more convenient to use a folding accordion made of PVC liters of 1,5-3-5 individually for each tank a fighter, with shoulder straps, of course with a neck and a lid with a “valve-faucet”, so order the MO to announce a competition for the development and submission of test samples ...
    1. Ber
      0
      3 February 2018 21: 26
      To take water from a natural reservoir as a manual pump, you can adapt a rubber pear pump with a hose similar to that carried by professional drivers


      good The idea is ideal, since a pear weighs very little, is effective and if there is a break, then it can be sealed or vulcanized.

      but as a container it’s more convenient to use a folding accordion made of PVC of 1,5-3-5 liters individually for each fighter,


      The author wrote that definitely need a thermosIt’s something like RDV-12, but it’s rubber, so it’s better to have tarpaulin unloading about 60 cm long, as for AK spare shops, but pockets on the chest and back for stainless steel thermoses.

      Namely; The vest should be dressed in the same way as the RDV-12, on the chest there are four pockets and on the back there are four pockets for cylindrical thermoses with a diameter
      100 mm and a length of 500 mm each, in volume we get about 4 liters each.

      Thus, depending on the stamina of a fighter, one person may carry
      8 thermoses, 4 on the chest and 4 on the back, with a total capacity of 32 liters.
      Or 6 thermoses, 3 on the chest and 3 on the back, with a total capacity of 24 liters.

      I personally when I go to the mountains, on my chest on two carbines I hang a bag from under the sleeping bag, I put in a 5 or 6 liter plastic canister of water, plus I put the second five liter in a backpack, it’s very convenient to distribute the load, and it’s convenient to keep balance.
      1. 0
        7 February 2018 09: 48
        There are soft containers for industrial water, you just need to bring them to mind.
        For example, such http://bezdorozhye.ru/myagkie_baki/prk_6
        1. Ber
          0
          8 February 2018 10: 44
          Not that.

          For example: during actions in the mountains, a platoon needs water, maneuver in the mountains is limited, fighters go in jigsaw, who do you think will be the first shot of a sniper?

          First of all, a sniper hits a water carrier, or several soldiers who carry water.




          When a bullet penetrates tanks for take-off, both from stainless steel and rubber, since fighters will be 100% without armored bullets, the bullet will fly through the take-off and the tank is behind.

          Then they will press the fighters to the stones with a machine gun and in the heat of 40 degrees depriving half of the water, and maybe more, hold all day, all ...... the detachment will have to go back, and if they are surrounded then the resistance will last exactly as much as there is water left.

          Therefore, 6-8 containers of thermoses are needed, and it is advisable to lighten the weight of the thermos all the same with a platik-ceramic, before yes a stainless steel, now all the same there should be lighter materials.

          Thus, a sniper will damage a maximum of two three 4 liter tanks and everything that is not critical and the soldiers will be able to complete the task, and having lost water they will not be able to return.
  3. +1
    3 February 2018 09: 28
    Thank you for the article. Correct and well thought out. Soft containers, of course, are cheaper, but less durable, the shelf life is lower, no thermal insulation.
    1. +3
      3 February 2018 09: 55
      Quote: SPLV
      Soft containers, of course, are cheaper, but less durable, the shelf life is lower, no thermal insulation.

      The main problem is they can’t be trivialized around with boiling water 8)))
      That is, they require special solutions for cleaning and disinfection. Providing for everything else

      But in principle, this is completely solvable. Soft containers are more promising. The problem of strength and thermal insulation is easily solved by making an outer cover with a service life longer than that of the tank.
      1. 0
        3 February 2018 11: 06
        Quote: Spade
        The main problem is they can’t be banally poured with boiling water
        Why? What material is afraid of 100C? Protein?
        1. +1
          3 February 2018 12: 19
          Quote: Simargl
          Why? What material is afraid of 100C? Protein?

          Here's the word, I would not risk it.
          RDR-40 was periodically washed with a triple pantocide solution from me, since there were a lot of it, both in dry pits and in plastic tubes from the medical service.
          And for the disinfection of water, aquababs was used - it didn’t so corrupt its taste properties.
  4. UVB
    +5
    3 February 2018 11: 08
    At one time, while serving in Kara-Kum, we practiced increasing the capacity of a standard flask. A flask, naturally without a cover, is mounted on the barrel of the AKM and you are shooting a blank cartridge, as a result, instead of 900 ml, you get about 1,5 liters.
    1. 0
      3 February 2018 14: 53
      And you describe in more detail how you had water: where you took it, how you took it, where you kept it, how it was distributed, etc.
      1. UVB
        +1
        3 February 2018 17: 23
        how was it with water
        Near Amu-Darya there were no problems with water, and deep into the sands of the outposts, the water was brought in, tanks were made in the ground that were regularly filled with water carriers.
    2. +1
      3 February 2018 16: 57
      The same will happen if you boil water in a closed flask. One and a half liters clearly inflated.
  5. +1
    3 February 2018 12: 58
    Water is life. There are places where the war, which is now invisible now, is also taking place - these are underground command posts. They will be covered first of all by an atomic strike in a nuclear conflict. How could the surviving duty shift of the command post continue this war tank without water, because from above everything is filled up to many meters with a layer of radioactive earth. Thermos T-12 is clearly not enough, dig out no earlier than a few months. In case something is frozen (in tons) ...
    The crisis with the lack of water supplies was also in the defense of the Brest Fortress. In this regard, this is the purest miscalculation of the command when planning the defense of the fortress, the consequences of this miscalculation were terrible.
  6. +1
    3 February 2018 14: 58
    My grandfather, a front-line soldier, called “American” 20 liter square cans. In the Soviet Union, such canisters were not produced before the war. I heard from old people that we knew 38 bhp of “milk” cans, 15 liters round on legs, and 20 liters. appeared in WWII with American dzhtakim. In the villages in the 60s, tanks from the time of the war still came across. As a child, I saw a wrinkled bowler hat with a swastika: more precisely, the contour of the eagle was hardly watched, and the rest was clogged
    1. +6
      3 February 2018 17: 37
      Quote: Monarchist
      My grandfather, a front-line soldier, called “American” 20 liter square cans. In the Soviet Union, such a sample of the canister was not produced before the war.

      In fact, the usual canisters for all of us, this is a German development. At VO, even once there was an article about it.
      And the Americans, initially before switching to German, a more practical option, had
      others.
      And in such a borrowing, there is nothing reprehensible. For example, our army bowler, this is almost a copy of the Wehrmacht bowler.
      Borrow the best from the enemy, not shameful.
      1. +1
        3 February 2018 19: 03
        Quote: Separ DNR
        Borrow the best from the enemy, not shameful.

        And for their teachers they lifted the cup of health. A.S. Pushkin. Poltava.
  7. +1
    3 February 2018 15: 56
    *
    per day, only for drinking, at least about 2 liters of water, and together with cooking and hygiene needs, about 4-5 liters come out


    ... :)
    where such data comes from ... :)
    TWO LITERS OF ALL, taking into account liquid food, and not just just water / tea / coffee ... + also soup ...
    Even by American standards: “An adequate LIQUID intake for men is about 3 liters (about 13 cups) per day. Women need to consume 2,2 liters (about 9 cups) LIQUID
  8. The comment was deleted.
  9. +2
    3 February 2018 18: 36


    Here, the best army option ...
  10. 0
    4 February 2018 03: 47
    Why does the author need a thermos? And warm and cool water is no different. H2O is always H2O. Oxygen dissolved in water only affects the taste of water and does not have any other magical properties, and human endurance does not increase.
    1. +1
      4 February 2018 11: 57
      Quote: dokusib
      Why does the author need a thermos? And warm and cool water is no different.

      Here the problem is rather not in the heat, but in the cold.
  11. 0
    30 March 2018 00: 22
    The problem is directly surprising. Just sat down and made an elementary product made of polyethylene. The fact that it is needed is yes. But to make is not a problem.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"