Ukraine’s railway bypass cuts it off from the “New Silk Road”

37
On Monday, a long-awaited event happened: all the freight and passenger trains of the Russian Railways, following in the direction of Moscow-Rostov-on-Don and back, went around Ukraine through the new railway line Zhuravka-Millerovo, 137 kilometers in length. This road is laid on the territory of the Voronezh and Rostov regions at a distance of 25 kilometers from the Ukrainian border. Previously, Russian trains crossed it twice, passing in transit through a short haul "Gartmashevka - Zorinovka" in the Luhansk region.

Ukraine’s railway bypass cuts it off from the “New Silk Road”




Kiev experts did not appreciate all the losses

Movement on the new highway opened in early autumn. In September, cargo trains started up on it. On that memorable day, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu presented the 39 Brigade of Railway Troops, which carried out the main work on the construction of the road, the Order of Zhukov. Now the highway is finally put into full operation mode. The 120 passenger and 30 freight trains travel daily.

Commenting on the event, the Russian media noted that the railway built around Ukraine would “strengthen Russia's independence and ensure traffic safety.” In addition, savings are expected on the payment of Ukrainian transit and servicing of the Gartmashevka-Zorinovka segment, leased by Russia at the beginning of the 1990-s for 49 years. This is more than $ 100 million per year.

“Chu,” said Ukrainian analysts, more like accomplices of the Kiev regime than responsible experts, “this stage has long been in a withered condition.” Then they admitted that "the loss of even a small amount of payment for transit, which is about 70 million dollars, of course, is undesirable."

The general opinion of the Kiev expert community in an interview with Deutsche Welle was expressed by the head of the Ukrainian Analytical Center, Alexander Okhrimenko. “Before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, coal mined in the Donbass and the Rostov Region was transported here,” the analyst explained. - Since 2014, freight traffic has declined sharply here, but some entrepreneurs continued to transport. The site was not the most important, its specificity was that the goods partially went through the territory of Ukraine, and now the Russians will go around it. ”

In a word, "but we do not mind." This external indifference, perhaps inspired by the general, rather deplorable, condition of the Ukrainian roads, united under the control of the main state-owned railway operator, Ukrzaliznytsy. According to official data, today 27 percent of the total length of the main routes of Ukraine is operated with overdue major repairs.

The unsightly picture is complemented by the acute shortage of railway equipment and its poor condition. “Ukrzaliznytsia” recognizes, for example, that the depreciation of the fleet of main electric locomotives and diesel locomotives, electric and diesel trains, freight and passenger cars exceeds 80 percent.

Against this bleak background, the loss of income from a short peripheral haul can, as Okhrimenko said, not be considered a “huge tragedy.” Meanwhile, on the website of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine it is reported that the railway transport in the country provides 82 percent of freight traffic and up to 50 percent - passenger traffic.

In the light of these data, it is clear what an important role Ukrzaliznytsia plays in the economy of Ukraine. At the same time, the company associates its future with the service of transit cargo from Asia to Europe and vice versa. The optimism of the Ukrainian railway workers was caused by the Chinese project “New Silk Road”. Because other directions so far disappointing.

In the post-Mayd period, transit freight traffic through Ukraine dropped sharply. For example, last year, the country’s transit proceeded by 30 for less percent of cargo than in 2015. Former Minister of Transport and Communications of Ukraine Yevgeny Chervonenko estimated the losses from the reduction of transit in almost 2 billion dollars.

Russia will extend the highway along the Ukrainian border

Kiev considers its plans to participate in the “New Silk Road” as a kind of compensation for the losses committed in the Russian direction. However, on the way of these plans at least two obstacles. One of them is the attitude of the Chinese themselves to Ukraine. A delegation from Beijing, led by Deputy Prime Minister Ma Kai, visited Kiev the other day.

In the local media began to excitedly discuss the prospects for Ukrainian participation in Chinese transit projects. They drew transport corridors along which goods from the Middle Kingdom can proceed through Ukraine to Europe. Only here Ma Kai arrived on a completely different occasion - for money.

A few years ago, Beijing issued a loan of 3,6 billion dollars in deliveries of Ukrainian grain. The intergovernmental agreement stipulated that the State Food and Grain Corporation of Ukraine (SFGCU) would give China more than three million tons of grain (including 1,1 million tons of corn, 1 million tons of wheat and about 1 million tons of barley) as payment for the loan.

The Ukrainian side had to ship 2014 of the year to the agreed amount of grain by the end of October, and the rest in a month. Cautious Chinese transferred to Ukrainians only the first tranche of 1,6 billion dollars. And they were right. By November, Ukraine delivered only 65 thousand tons of corn to China and did not bother with more grain supplies.

The government of Arseniy Yatsenyuk had another topic. It liquidated GPZKU and collected funds that were with him at their own expense. Under these conditions, the Chinese did not pay the second tranche of the loan and demanded the remainder of the first tranche back. Volodymyr Groysman, who replaced Yatsenyuk as head of the government, acknowledged Ukraine’s debt to China, but explained to Chinese partners that the repayment of the loan “is not among the priority issues of the country's leadership.” Today, the priority of the Kiev authorities "war with the Russian aggressor."

The Chinese did not agree with Groisman’s explanation. They sent Deputy Prime Minister Ma Kai to Kiev to resolve the dispute that arose in pretrial order. Did not work out. Now it became known that China sent a lawsuit against Ukraine to the London International Arbitration Court. Beijing wants to get their money back, plus 6 percent per annum of the amount of the tranche for using other people's money and legal fees.

After such a scandal, Ukraine can hardly count on the status of a reliable partner in Chinese transit projects. Moreover, the eastern transport corridors for it seem to be completely closed. Railways announced its future plans in this direction.

It is planned to continue the construction of the road from Zhuravka station to Prokhorovka, that is, to create a cut-off road along the Ukrainian border. Moreover, by 2025, a high-speed railway line will be created along the eastern border of Ukraine (direction Voronezh - Liski - Rostov-on-Don). It will connect the central part of Russia with its Black Sea coast.

A similar project was painted in the imagination of the Ukrainian media. They saw the transportation of Chinese goods bypassing Russia along the so-called Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TMTM). His Ukrainians are romantically called "Silk Wind."

Romance was seen in the double sea transshipment (through the Caspian and Black Sea) of Chinese cargoes on the route China - Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - sea ports of Georgia. Further, according to the Kiev romantics, the cargo should go to Ukraine, and from it through Belarus to the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda in the Baltic.

Serious experts initially doubted the feasibility of such a route due to the high cost of sea transshipment. Now added to this is the unreliability of Ukraine, as a trading partner, and Russia's competitive plans with options for its transport routes. They made Kiev nervous.

Ukrainian Infrastructure Minister Volodymyr Omelyan on the air of the 112. Ukraine "said that" Ukrzaliznytsya "from 2018, the year may stop railway communication with Russia. The final decision has not yet been made. The question is being worked out by the state operator of the Ukrainian railways - Ukrzaliznytsia.

The minister directly linked the possible reduction of communication with Russia with the launch of a railway bypassing Ukraine. This is not the first such threat. Commentators recalled that in May of this year, Kiev had already announced that it had stopped railway communication from July 1 due to passenger traffic in Russia in the zone of the notorious Anti-terrorist operation.

Kiev's anger caused the Taganrog-Donetsk train to “violate the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine”. Then they counted the passenger traffic to Russia, the money transfers of the Ukrainian workers to their families to Ukraine, and quietly silenced the topic until the launch of the new border line.

Most likely, the current threats will also remain without consequences. Say what you like, and the termination of communication with Russia will turn Ukraine into a railway deadlock in Europe. This impasse will prove to be transport, economic, political, and somewhat moral. It is not by chance that Minister Omelyan shifted the final decision to Ukrzaliznytsya. In the offices of the Kiev authorities are not yet ready to take responsibility for the complete transport gap with Russia.
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

37 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +7
    15 December 2017 06: 32
    The normal process, under Yaytsinuh, Ukrainians themselves surrounded the net, With air transportation there for a long time everything is bad. Now the trains are starting to go around this "plagued" territory. There is an auto message left, but this is not for long
    1. +4
      15 December 2017 06: 35
      The Kiev junta, as a sadistic sadist, cuts off his limbs time after time ... they are getting ready to see the land. what
    2. +3
      15 December 2017 07: 27
      Quote: Chertt
      , Auto message remains, but it’s not for long

      But still ... what other air transportation remained there? And at what altitude does “sovereign” airspace end? At 80 km? So ... hear me (!): We design and manufacture hypersonic aerospace airliners and leave the edge of the nose! Well, if not everyone will like the entot option and begin to grumble at me, that is, a backup option ... remember the space elevator of Arthur Clark? So, we are building a space arch and launching aerospace trains on it ... Whoever likes such a business idea, from that bottle! This is material assistance to the creative foundation "Klava, is-no-mind"! bully
      1. +4
        15 December 2017 08: 08
        Quote: Nikolaevich I
        ,, Klava ,, is-no mind "!

        It’s straight felt, it’s boiling ... laughing
        1. 0
          15 December 2017 10: 39
          Quote: Chertt
          It’s straight felt, it’s boiling.

          No ..... well, what? recourse Somehow, in one topic he supported "hypersonic airliners", and they threw a slipper at me ... crying It's a shame! Maybe now "short-sighted retrograde" will understand their wrong! request
          PS Just do not understand, did you like my business idea? what Where is the bottle? feel
          1. +1
            15 December 2017 11: 10
            Quote: Nikolaevich I
            PS Just do not understand, did you like my business idea? Where is the bottle?

            Stop by, or will we get it on Skype?
            1. 0
              15 December 2017 12: 01
              Quote: Chertt
              Stop by

              Eh ... yes, there is no time now ... the end of the year ... recourse You will have to! wink
          2. 0
            16 December 2017 12: 23
            Quote: Nikolaevich I
            Somehow, in one topic he supported "hypersonic airliners", and they threw a slipper at me ...

            This is expensive. Hyper-speed aircraft makes sense only in the aerospace version for spacewalk.
            1. 0
              16 December 2017 18: 33
              Quote: KaPToC
              This is expensive.

              Until now, and in the near future, it’s expensive. And yet ... both at the present and at high levels, from time to time a conversation is being started about “hypersonic airliners” ...
              1. +1
                16 December 2017 20: 27
                Quote: Nikolaevich I
                from time to time "started" conversation

                Twinkle no bags tossing and turning
    3. +4
      15 December 2017 08: 11
      in fact, all this is very bad, and even further alienates and divides our united Russian people. the eggs come and go, but the barriers they built remain ...
      1. +2
        16 December 2017 12: 44
        Quote: Russian bear
        divides our united Russian people

        I hope you are at a safe distance from the territory of the likely enemy? Maidan of the brain is a contagious disease. My mother-in-law (over 80 already) was born and raised near Yaroslavl. She acquired her husband through a Komsomol trip to the Far East. With the Far East, they returned to their homeland. Donetsk region, 70 km from Rostov, they lived. Well, Russian, after all! Does a Russian person, far from the living Hohland, have no doubts? You thought the usual story, mother-in-law and son-in-law ...? Whatever you want to think, just put aside my words. No, my mother-in-law didn’t. Would be younger, maybe it would work out. Everyone (I repeat - EVERYTHING!) Who had lived on the Hohland before the events was sure (some aggressively, some unconsciously) that money had been dumped for the sale of Russia to them, a sack, which was nice to watch. And they wait, they still wait, when they call to the cash register.
    4. +1
      15 December 2017 08: 51
      It is BAD that the Russian Federation has LOSED MARKETS, INCLUDING TRANSPORTATION-TRANSIT THROUGH THE UKRAINE. To ennoble their territory is one thing, and to sip someone else's is MUCH PLEASANT. there wasn’t enough strength.
      rot your line, Vovka
  2. +4
    15 December 2017 06: 34
    ... will turn Ukraine into a railway dead end of Europe.

    And I would put this idea in the title of the article.
  3. +6
    15 December 2017 08: 22
    If the railway communications with Russia cease completely, then the “zapadents” will smash Ukrzaliznytsya faster than the Mishiko’s power in Kiev will shift. Basically, all the trains now go from there to the Russian Federation .... jam-packed, and how many times ticket prices have been raised .... it does not help! Unconscious zarobitchans go and go to the "achressor".
  4. +14
    15 December 2017 08: 40
    All this is wonderful that eventually built this branch, but judge for yourself:

    1) A road bypassing Ukraine cost 1 billion dollars.
    2) While this road was not there, Russia paid the puppies 200 lyam greens a year !!!
    3) 200 lyamov from 1 billion - this is 20% per annum !!!!

    Attention is the question: what the hell was our wonderful economic unit holding 1 billion greens right up to 2015 in the US treasury at 1%, when they could hell know when to invest this money in their own country and get exhaust in 20% ????
    Some bastard in the government is interested in feeding Ukraine? And until peppered, nobody scratched it?
    Thank you, damn it, to the juntas for the fact that our hand guides finally invested the loot where necessary, instead of feeding the junta and the US Federal Reserve
    1. +1
      16 December 2017 12: 34
      and thank you for the Maydauns of Crimea ... and for the Donbass
  5. BAI
    +3
    15 December 2017 09: 21
    How did they think of throwing the Chinese? What were you thinking about? (If you thought, everything seems to work on grasping reflexes).
  6. 0
    15 December 2017 11: 04
    It is not a fact that the Silk Road will go through Russia.
  7. +1
    15 December 2017 11: 34
    You learn so much new in articles, you are amazed.
    About the loss of transit. Because of the war, it really is. This is a loss of money, loss of jobs, loss of transit value of the country. Here they are talking about the "public" in the form of nationalists (who are more likely to act on the Russian Federation’s hand by the logic that money goes to the budget and to the ATO itself, and they themselves impede this moment laughing )
    I do not agree with this point, it was necessary to act smartly, the "transit wars" do not end in good. But the nationalists of all countries are dumb as traffic jams (I hope this is not an insult to such a group as "nationalists") but a statement of the fact that they do not see beyond one goal.
    So now about the essence of the article.
    The author with pleasure painted the pluses of the Russian Federation (they really are) I will not touch them. And with pleasure the cons of Ukraine. Yes, and added some not quite truthful material (or rather, complete ...)
    In addition, it is expected to save on paying for Ukrainian transit and servicing the Gartmashevka-Zorinovka haul, which Russia leased for 1990 years in the early 49s. This is over $ 100 million per year.
    .
    Russian authors - decide on the amount! For several years, you write about 300 million, then about 200 (recently there was an article, there were 200 million). And today Granovsky is betting on 100 million! Bids are falling.
    I remind you that Russian Railways leased a small section of the station from the village council (because the state does not lease). My question is - the village council receives 100 million a year ????? There probably everything is made of gold ....
    Leases from the village council do not fall into the country's budget. Recently I wrote that Ukraine’s losses are money under an agreement with the village council for the lease (but there is not 100 million! This is too much to rent a small plot) 20 station employees. Well, the very significance of the station. A scan of the contract with the amount of payment would be welcome. Would remove all points over I on the issue of losing money.
    As for the Silk Road, this is a difficult topic, where the Chinese themselves have not yet decided. But for them, strategic projects. Therefore, in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, there are often Chinese and entangle with their levers (soft power)
    A few years ago, Beijing issued a loan of $ 3,6 billion in supply of Ukrainian grain

    How long to? Can I write an article about this business? Why are all the authors of the Russian Federation speculating on this topic without giving details, but only their reasoning?
    China has sued a long time ago (there was 1.5 billion loan and 1.5 billion needed to buy Chinese goods) to the International Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA) in terms of advance payment.
    At the headquarters of the International Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA) in London, March 28, consideration of the lawsuit of the China National Corporation of Machine-Building Industry and General Contracting (CCEC) against the State Border Protection Commission for the misuse of a loan allocated by a Chinese bank to purchase and supply Ukrainian grain to the Celestial Empire began .
    Chinese lenders accused the Ukrainian company of selling the grain intended for delivery to China to third countries without the consent of the lender. Under the contract, the gas refineries was obliged to deliver 4 million tons of grain to China in the first year after the Chinese issued a loan. But, referring to customs data, the GPKZU supplied grain to Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Monaco - in general, to countries far from China.
    According to the recipient of the loan -GPKZU
    The cost of servicing a loan provided by the Export-Import Bank of China amounted to 553 million UAH per year. Fourth, the SFS forced the corporation to pay a fine of UAH 159 million by blocking foreign economic activity due to the non-return of foreign currency earnings for grain shipped for export back in 2014.


    I have the idea that this is all a scam in order to get all the capabilities of the main grain trader of Ukraine, together with the terminals. For the mandatory supply of 5 million tons of corn for 15 years only to China. True, they stole about 500 million dollars. And the salt of the requirements of the Chinese is not a loan, but obligations!
    Ukrainians could supply products to other countries but only through a Chinese corporation and pay 5 dollars per ton - an exclusive partnership. But the Ukrainians did not comply, paid with 5.17 million tons of grain as with 0.59 tons.
    In general, based on the information of the grain trader and payments in court, they will sell the state grain trader to the Chinese (without their consent it is impossible to sell to another, they are the main creditor)
    Use the information of 2014 in 2017 is not relevant.
    The other day, a delegation from Beijing, headed by the country's deputy prime minister, Ma Kai, visited Kiev.

    Vis Ma is not connected with credit (everything has been clear with him for a long time). There, cooperation issues were previously reached at a meeting with him (Ma Kai) in Beijing, where the Ukrainian delegation was May 13-15 this year
    The size of Chinese investment in the Ukrainian economy this year reached nearly six billion dollars. China sees Ukraine as a bridge to Europe. This was stated by Deputy Prime Minister of State Council of China Ma Kai

    In general, the Chinese, as usual, came to look at their investment projects, at the same time discussing the sea silk routes and other things. A standard event for investors and business owners.
    1. +1
      15 December 2017 11: 53
      Quote: Antares
      Russian authors - decide on the amount! For several years, you write about 300 million, then about 200 (recently there was an article, there were 200 million). And today Granovsky is betting on 100 million! Bids are falling.

      There is one more amount voiced by the Ukrainian side. More precisely, Ohrimenko:
      ... when Russia builds its infrastructure in this region and stops using Ukraine as a transit country, Ukrainians can lose up to $ 1,6 billion - they earned so much in 2011-2012 by rail transit to Europe, when relations with the Russian Federation were not so , like now
      1. 0
        16 December 2017 23: 21
        Quote: Alexey RA
        Ukrainians can lose up to $ 1,6 billion - they earned so much in 2011-2012 by rail transit to Europe, when relations with Russia were not the same as they are now

        here are all transit revenues. Actually, even more. Okhrimenko does not consider transit through the Russian Federation of Ukrainian traffic. But he was stopped. And transit wars brought losses to both the Russian Federation and Ukraine (the latter is many times more)
        The amount of 100 million of the author of the article is for the lease of the station (there are no other Russian Railways fees, because the lease was at the village council, not the country) without border control and other amenities.
        The Ukrainian side, in general, declared trifles. I think it’s actually about a million. Only a scan of the village council agreement can help.
  8. +2
    15 December 2017 12: 20
    And it pleases on this rainy and filthy day.
    Moreover, the money invested in any construction is a charitable business. In any case, they will “fight off” one way or another, sooner or later.
  9. 0
    15 December 2017 12: 44
    It is necessary to divide and integrate. You can not get around. The question "who-whom" is being solved.
  10. 0
    15 December 2017 14: 37
    Well, what do you have to write about anything other than insane?
  11. +1
    15 December 2017 15: 02
    "And now, children, on the left you can watch the largest zoo in the world ..."

    To be honest, everything is sad. 30 years ago, this could only be a nightmare ...
    1. +1
      16 December 2017 12: 56
      Quote: lexus
      30 years ago, this could only be a nightmare ...

      When did the computer game "Sea Battle" between the fleets of the Russian Federation and RU appear? About 30 years ago? 25?
  12. +1
    15 December 2017 15: 39
    Why 25 km.? Taking into account our relations, this is not the limit even for artillery. Or will we respond with each arrival? The pipe from Baikal was taken much further and it’s not for you to work in the steppe.
  13. +2
    15 December 2017 16: 24
    Quote: vladimirvn
    It is not a fact that the Silk Road will go through Russia.

    He will go in several ways: northern - Russia, southern - Syria. They all thought - not even the average ones, there are several of them: through Georgia, Kazakhstan, and, possibly, someday, Afghanistan. The more options, the better for China. The mess in the north, we drive through the south. I think it’s clear.
  14. 0
    15 December 2017 18: 41
    Goodbye, unwashed durkaina!
  15. 0
    16 December 2017 12: 30
    And in general they should not be allowed into the country! This is bad for the economy, they work for us, and the money is taken out request and this applies to Central Asia.
  16. 0
    16 December 2017 12: 47
    create a cut-off along the Ukrainian border rocade
    - rocade "bypass road" - railway, highway or dirt road in the front line, running in parallel front lines, a strange phrase, as for a business operation ... feel
  17. 0
    16 December 2017 12: 53
    Quote: ALSur
    Quote: vladimirvn
    It is not a fact that the Silk Road will go through Russia.

    He will go in several ways: ... southern - Syria. They all thought - there weren’t even average ones, there were several of them: through Georgia, Kazakhstan, and perhaps someday, Afghanistan .... I think it’s clear.
    it is, of course, only between the People’s Republic of China and Syria, supposedly the southern direction of the road, well, certainly Pakistan and Afghanistan, but not Georgia at all feel
  18. 0
    16 December 2017 13: 10
    Quote: Sergey824
    Why 25 km.? Taking into account our relations, this is not the limit even for artillery. Or will we respond with each arrival? The pipe from Baikal was taken much further and it’s not for you to work in the steppe.
    , and even with such a perception of events and awareness of the tactical and technical data of RK 9K79-1 “Tochka-U” - it was necessary outside 120 km without sparing money, i.e. on the Rostov-Volgodonsk-Ust-Khoperskaya-Kalach-Stary Oskol line ... (even through Kursk - 92 km, and that is already uncomfortable) feel
  19. The comment was deleted.
  20. 0
    16 December 2017 17: 17
    Well done the Chinese!
  21. 0
    26 December 2017 20: 35
    Commenting on the event, the Russian media noted that the railway built bypassing Ukraine "will strengthen the independence of Russia and ensure the safety of transportation."
    It is, if you very, very briefly describe the advantages of the correct and necessary solution.
    Commenting on the event, the Russian media noted that the railway built around Ukraine would “strengthen Russia's independence and ensure traffic safety.” In addition, savings are expected on the payment of Ukrainian transit and servicing of the Gartmashevka-Zorinovka segment, leased by Russia at the beginning of the 1990-s for 49 years. This is more than $ 100 million per year.

    Kiev's anger caused the Taganrog-Donetsk train to “violate the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine”. Then they counted the passenger traffic to Russia, the money transfers of the Ukrainian workers to their families to Ukraine, and quietly silenced the topic until the launch of the new border line.
    Most likely, the current threats will also remain without consequences. Say what you like, and the termination of communication with Russia will turn Ukraine into a railway deadlock in Europe. This impasse will prove to be transport, economic, political, and somewhat moral. It is not by chance that Minister Omelyan shifted the final decision to Ukrzaliznytsya. In the offices of the Kiev authorities are not yet ready to take responsibility for the complete transport gap with Russia.
    And right! I would, in general, spin everything, pinch it and block off these maid of war maidan Western banderlogs. So that they crawled to the Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox, the Russian people of the Russian Orthodox.
    Our brothers are Ukrainians and Ukraine, who are not Kaklymaydanotobanderovskie-this does not apply to you and does not apply to you. Only to patients like the Bandera-Western occupation of Ukraine.
  22. 0
    27 December 2017 19: 05
    Ukrzhelezyaka has been in a terrible state for a long time, and without Russia it will finally rust as completely unnecessary.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"