Construction of Akkuyu NPP started in Turkey

On Sunday, a solemn ceremony was held in Turkey for the start of construction of the Akkuyu NPP, TASS.

The event was attended by the Director General of Rosatom State Corporation Alexei Likhachev and First Deputy Minister of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey Fatih Donmez.

Turkey today is taking another step in order to become a member of the world nuclear elite club. Nuclear cooperation emphasizes the special trust and special significance of relations between states. It is very significant that our today's event takes place on the eve of the next meeting of our presidents. Presidents Vladimir Putin and Recep Erdogan are quite common in recent months, and not one of the meetings takes place without a discussion of this key project in Russian-Turkish relations,

said Likhachev.

He also called the project "a good economic guarantor of the development of Russian-Turkish relations."

Before the ceremony, representatives of Rosatom held for journalists a tour of the site where the first nuclear power plant in Turkey is being built.

“Surrounded on one side by the sea, and on the other by mountains, the ground is literally littered with heavy machinery. It is crossed by endless rows of dump trucks. In one place are constantly working excavators. Complementing this whole landscape is a coast guard boat with a Turkish flag, swaying on the waves of the Mediterranean Sea, ”an agency correspondent reported from the scene.

Comments

[210ox]

Collaboration in science-intensive areas is, of course, better than mineral sales.

[Svarog]

Quote: 210ox

Collaboration in science-intensive areas is, of course, better than mineral sales.

And what is the actual cooperation? We build, at our own expense, a gift, so to speak, with possible returns in decades .. Given that Turkey is an extremely unreliable partner ..

[Lexus]

Quote: Svarog

And what is the actual cooperation? We build, at our own expense, a gift, so to speak, with possible returns in decades .. Given that Turkey is an extremely unreliable partner ..

Here I am talking about too. It’s as if later we all wouldn’t get “a little worse” when, instead of this very return, the Turks would once again display a cookie.

[Svarog]

Quote: lexus

Quote: Svarog

And what is the actual cooperation? We build, at our own expense, a gift, so to speak, with possible returns in decades .. Given that Turkey is an extremely unreliable partner ..

Here I am talking about too. It’s as if later we all wouldn’t get “a little worse” when, instead of this very return, the Turks would once again display a cookie.

If you look at how they throw us around the world, then they probably already got such a joke there, and let us divorce Putin, and then we’ll throw it ... But they will tell us that this is a breakthrough!

[Vladimir16]

Quote: Svarog

We build at our own expense, so to speak, a gift,

There is no present.
We build at our own expense. The station will be Russian property. We will sell electricity.
How much more profitable?

[Going]

With this project, we are still tearing Turkey from NATO, but they must be kept in body all the time.

[Sergey53]

In the USA, too, there was even state ownership, and who has it now?

[Angel_and_Demon]

Quote: Sergey53

In the USA, too, there was even state ownership, and who has it now?

but our fuel cells - and without them it will be like in skakuasii

[Svarog]

Quote: Vladimir16

Quote: Svarog

We build at our own expense, so to speak, a gift,

There is no present.
We build at our own expense. The station will be Russian property. We will sell electricity.
How much more profitable?

We are preparing for the World Cup, are you sure that we will have it? Me not. And how much money did they throw out? There is no money, but you hold on ..

[KaPToC]

Quote: Svarog

We are preparing for the World Cup, are you sure that we will have it?

Let the world championship follow the Olympics.

[Svarog]

Quote: KaPToC

Quote: Svarog

We are preparing for the World Cup, are you sure that we will have it?

Let the world championship follow the Olympics.

I agree, but damn it .. you need to calculate the risks. How much money has already been forgiven to everyone, here the figure on the website was cited, so it is equal to the sum of all loans of Russians that our citizens owe to banks. It would be better for their forgiveness. There are no tears in one's own skin, and for others, generosity itself, at the expense of its own people ..

[KaPToC]

Quote: Svarog

I agree, but damn it .. you need to calculate the risks.

Several years ago, I don’t remember where I read that Russia will provide military security for this station.

[Svarog]

Quote: KaPToC

Quote: Svarog

I agree, but damn it .. you need to calculate the risks.

Several years ago, I don’t remember where I read that Russia will provide military security for this station.

Well, it seems to me from the realm of fiction))

[the most important]

Quote: KaPToC

Several years ago, I don’t remember where I read that Russia will provide military security for this station.

Many years ago, I also read fairy tales ... and now I listen to them on TV.

[KaPToC]

Quote: the most important

Many years ago, I also read fairy tales ... and now I listen to them on TV.

Sarcasm - it’s like that ... and it climbs from all the cracks in you, including the pores.

[garnik]

50% of the generated capacity will be sold in Turkey, and for the rest, the Russian side will have to find sales, and how to beat off the investment, .... goodbye Russia.

[Kasym]

The state gives Turks in the capital a bag of coal for free. So Turkey itself will redeem everything, there is no need to worry.
Without the fuel elements and the removal of spent fuel (no storage and processing technologies), the Turks have nowhere to go. Other fuels can lead to emergencies like cases in the Czech Republic and Ukraine.
"Energy is the basis of the economy of any country. Without it, you can’t even build a house." By building such facilities, Russia becomes a strategic partner.

[kubanec]

and who is an extremely reliable partner?

[Simon]

The nuclear station will belong to Russia and our specialists will work on it. Electricity will be sold at market prices to the Turks. So that Erdogan is not a fool, he will have to dance to our tune. In addition, the fuel for the speakers will be ours.

[Svarog]

Quote: Simon

The nuclear station will belong to Russia and our specialists will work on it. Electricity will be sold at market prices to the Turks. So that Erdogan is not a fool, he will have to dance to our tune. In addition, the fuel for the speakers will be ours.

What a joke, the station is on the land of Turkey, a kick in the ass, and then the courts ..

[Babalaykin]

and they will heat it with tomatoes ??

[My_log_in]

The Turks are investing half of the money, a consortium of three offices to which the general construction work was given. So it’s not really a gift.

[opus]

Quote: Svarog

We build at our own expense, so to speak, a gift, with a possible return in decades.

on the one hand, yes ...
on the other hand, it is better than investing in the Fed $ papers

The Turkish side is completing the preparation of the legal framework for vesting the Akkuyu project with the status of a strategic investment, implying the possibility of reimbursing VAT during the construction period in the amount of $ 1,3 billion and reducing the income tax from 20% to 2%. In the logic of return on investment, it will be more than 2,3 billion dollars

minus: all expenses will be paid from the Russian budget (and we have it stunted) at the same time, Turkish contractors will master the majority of them

really speak about the Turkish holding financing:
Cengiz Holding A.Ş. is one of the largest mining and industrial holdings in Turkey. Colin Inshaat AO (Kolin İnşaat Turizm Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.) is one of the largest construction and industrial holdings. JSC Kalon Inshaat (Kalyon İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.) is another construction and industrial holding, which leads its projects in a dozen of the world's countries.

Four times 1'200 MW, total project cost - about 20-22 billion US dollars

By April, 2014 Russia and Turkey have agreed that Turkish contractors will receive orders for 90% of general construction work, which will be about 6 billion dollars - traditional for foreign contracts 70% of the total budget will be orders for Russian manufacturers of nuclear power equipment

+
Turkish students at a lecture at NRNU MEPI

/competition
50 places claimed 3'000 Turks
for 117 seats in MEPI - 5'440 applications

[katalonec2014]

Quote: 210ox

certainly better selling minerals ..

Moreover, the conditions are more than acceptable - the system and possess.

[Conductor]

Most likely the joint venture will own, but to squeeze out the share to the Turks. oh yes there’s a question there. by share. who contributes and what. who exploits and how.

[Lord of the Sith]

Video to the news

[the most important]

Quote: 210ox

Collaboration in science-intensive areas is, of course, better than mineral sales.

In this case, this is a stupid undertaking. Russia will introduce Turkey to the "club of nuclear powers", builds for its (for OUR !!!) money !! There will be no refund .. It seems that someone decided to "halve" the funds for the construction ... S-400 sale is also a stupid undertaking .... Stupidity on stupidity ... But it’s stable!

[Golovan Jack]

Quote: the most important

There will be no refund

Can you justify?

Quote: the most important

Selling S-400 is also a stupid undertaking ..

The same question again?
Kassandra, damn it

[starogil]

It is the Turks who cooperate at our expense in knowledge-intensive, and we get from them for it
Textiles and shitty tomatoes.

[RASKAT]

Here is a Turkish video about Akkuyu NPP.

[assa67]

Does Osman Pasha want to get hold of an atomic bomb? ... and what, he will buy centrifuges and .... I want to think that ours have thought up such an option

[FLOOD]

I think from now on the bomb is not in fashion and does not solve everything ... there are things much more serious and weightier ...

[assa67]

what do you mean, "dirty" bombs? .... intrigued

[kolkulon]

Directly "News from the fields." (Last paragraph)

[Alexey RA]

Quote: kolkulon

Directly "News from the fields." (Last paragraph)

Rather, one of the feuilleton Ilf and Petrov.
It’s good that the correspondent didn’t use "An indispensable tool for composing jubilee articles, time sheets, as well as ceremonial poems, odes and troparia"©.

[Simon]

Quote: Svarog

Quote: 210ox

Collaboration in science-intensive areas is, of course, better than mineral sales.

And what is the actual cooperation? We build, at our own expense, a gift, so to speak, with possible returns in decades .. Given that Turkey is an extremely unreliable partner ..

Correctly, the nuclear power plant is actually being built at our expense, but they don’t agree that this station will belong to Russia and we will sell them electricity. Like this! Tricky move, isn't it

[ul_vitalii]

So the service staff should be ours, at the initial stage.

[katalonec2014]

Quote: ul_vitalii

So the service staff should be ours, at the initial stage.

Currently, more than 300 Turkish students are studying in Russia, specifically for the operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants.

[Conductor]

The initial stage is how much?

[Olegi1]

Quote: assa67

Does Osman Pasha want to get hold of an atomic bomb? ... and what, he will buy centrifuges and .... I want to think that ours have thought up such an option

It takes about 30 years to produce weapons-grade plutonium in a WWER reactor, this is not RBMK, which even in the Soviet Union were only in the Union.

[Beby]

Quote: Olegi1

It will take about 30 years to produce weapons-grade plutonium in a WWER reactor

Please explain: how can a Pu1200 with minimal impurities of other Pu isotopes be produced during a VVER-239 operation cycle?

[Mavrikiy]

Construction of Akkuyu NPP started in Turkey
I do not mind. Just curious, whose hook, who is the fish?

[Young_Communist]

For the murder of our pilot, the Turks, as promised, did not get off with just tomatoes, but they also acquired a power station.

[You Vlad]

Quote: Young_Communist

For the murder of our pilot, the Turks, as promised, did not get off with just tomatoes, but they also acquired a power station.

It seems we have already passed this, didn’t it?

[Mountain shooter]

The construction of such stations is a powerful "soft power" that will drive partners "into the framework." Think about it - supplying electricity to an entire country! Our fuel, specialists, control ...
This is a nuclear power plant, not a shopping center ...

[You Vlad]

Quote: Mountain Shooter

This is a nuclear power plant, not a shopping center ...

What is control , fuel, service, you just have to get hooked and that's it You are a partner ...

[FLOOD]

Quote: Olegi1

Quote: assa67

Does Osman Pasha want to get hold of an atomic bomb? ... and what, he will buy centrifuges and .... I want to think that ours have thought up such an option

It takes about 30 years to produce weapons-grade plutonium in a WWER reactor, this is not RBMK, which even in the Soviet Union were only in the Union.

In principle, from 4 power units you can do something short, I don’t think that they pursue this goal. Electricity in Turkey is expensive and they have enough NPP returns in this direction. At the expense of nuclear weapons, the Turks have no tension, I think, either, it’s worth it ...

[altynbay]

Recalls the news from the section on the Power of Siberia gas pipeline. By the way, how is he, who knows?

[You Vlad]

Quote: altynbay

By the way, how is he, who knows?

I guess you know ..

[altynbay]

No, not in the know. They just said earlier about a breakthrough to the east. threatened to make big money. And now we are emptying the reserve fund. And silence

[You Vlad]

Quote: altynbay

No, not in the know.

It’s just that you are not interested, and whoever is interested knows that the construction is on schedule

Quote: altynbay

Now empty the reserve fund

Funny already The reserve fund decreases the cry, now they are all about ... t soon, the fund is growing cry is it worth it that they do not invest in the economy Eh

[Svarog]

Quote: altynbay

No, not in the know. They just said earlier about a breakthrough to the east. threatened to make big money. And now we are emptying the reserve fund. And silence

and the devastation of the reserve fund always passes in silence, but first the slogans and "breakthroughs")) Now the information about the reserve fund has been closed for half a year already))

[Horseman without a head]

Construction of Akkuyu NPP started in Turkey

The hardest strategic miscalculation of Russia
Probably few Iran and Korea

[LAWNER]

The question of canceling the construction of nuclear power plants was not raised even in the most difficult period of Russian Turkish relations. Turkey allocated a huge plot of land, provided for its protection at the highest legislative and political level. During its construction, all Particularly significant buildings will be completed by Russian specialists, the rest (not a secret about 80 %) by Turkish companies.
But the station is 100% owned by Russia. This is the first nuclear power plant in the world built on the principle of “Build-own-operate.” Electricity generation will make up about 17% of all electricity in Turkey.

[Town Hall]

a summary of the analysis of the main sections of the “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Turkey on cooperation in the field of construction and operation of a nuclear power plant at the Akkuyu site in the Republic of Turkey” dated 12.05.2010/XNUMX/XNUMX: financial, economic, security and management, as well as a credit mechanism , its geopolitical component, signing procedures and conclusion. The results of the analysis itself are given in the Explanatory Note.



Financial and economic section:


The entire agreement on Akkuyu NPP is carried out without financial obligations of the Republic of Turkey.
Project financing is carried out exclusively at the expense of the Project company.

It is highly likely that the Russian budget will pay all the costs of building a nuclear power plant ($ 20 billion in 2010 prices). At the same time, more than half of the financing ($ 10 billion or more) will be received by Turkish companies, attracted as counterparties under a contract with the Project Company.


There is a high risk of freezing budget funds spent on construction due to delayed construction of nuclear power plants, suspension of operation of units according to the instructions of supervisory authorities, demonstrations of the local population against nuclear power plants, unavailability of networks, etc.

There are no obligations of the Turkish side to build power lines and substations for the selection of capacities, there is no data on the guaranteed electricity supply of these capacities. A nuclear power plant near the resort area of ​​Antalya, there are no large electricity consumers with a basic load schedule and are not expected there.

Citizens of the Republic of Turkey are trained free of charge and are widely involved for the operation of nuclear power plants. The cost of the project includes the creation of a full-scale simulator at the NPP site. This is usually done on separate contracts for an additional fee.

Fuel supply to nuclear power plants, including delivery costs, physical protection, etc. fully paid by the Project Company, but since it does not have its own funds, these will be funds from the Russian budget.

In the adopted refund scheme, the price of electricity - 12,35 US cents per kWh (only 44% higher than the existing ones) - is fixed for at least 25 years (from 2012 from the start of the project to 2037 the deadline for the return of funds spent on the construction of nuclear power plants) . At the same time, inflation, price escalation, changes in exchange rates, etc., which is a FULL ECONOMIC NON-SENSION, are not taken into account.

The project company provides TETASH with information on the monthly amount of electricity generated by all NPP units throughout the entire period of the Agreement on the Purchase of Electricity (EPS), i.e. at least 18 years old. In case of smaller production, in comparison with the volume stipulated by the EIT, it will have to buy it in the open market and sell TETASH.

In the event of the bankruptcy of the Project Company, the Russian side appoints a successor to the Project Company, which should have all the necessary competencies and financial capabilities (naturally, at the expense of the Russian budget).

Upon the expiration of the validity period of the EIT, the Project Company undertakes to give the Turkish side 20% of the net profit during the entire life of the NPP. So the Turkish side estimated the share of the cost of empty land for nuclear power plants in the total cost of nuclear power plants.

The project company is responsible for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and the management of waste. As part of this, the Project Company will make the necessary payments to the spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste disposal and decommissioning funds: for the first time in 15 years - $ 26,3 million per year to each fund on average in 2030 dollars.


The scope of work on decommissioning is not specified in the Agreement. The Turkish side will certainly require the creation of a "green lawn", bearing in mind that the nuclear power plant is located near the resort area of ​​Antalya. In this case, the cost of decommissioning becomes commensurate with the cost of building the station itself. It is highly likely that the Project Company will not have such savings. As a result, the Russian budget will have to pay for everything.


There is no article on force majeure, and there is no provision on the impossibility of nationalizing the Project Company.

[Town Hall]

Security Section:


1. Features of the contract agreement make Akkuyu NPP unique: it is under the jurisdiction of the Turkish side, and the NPP itself is Russian. It should be borne in mind that a nuclear power plant is not some kind of supermarket, consumer goods production or even thermal power plants with a short payback cycle, and for which the “build, own and operate” scheme is sometimes applied. A nuclear power plant is a hazardous production associated with radiation and nuclear risks.

2. All obligations for insurance of risks associated with the operation of NPPs are assumed by the Project Company, which is the operating organization of Akkuyu NPP. In accordance with international conventions, liability for nuclear damage is absolutely and exclusively assigned to the operating organization. The Project Company itself will certainly not be able to cover this damage, so the Russian budget will cover it.

3. The Turkish side is only responsible for the allocation of land on which the nuclear power plant will be built and guarantees access to such land by contractors, agents, suppliers, on behalf of and with the consent of the Project Company. It follows that the Design Company is responsible for the reliability of all NPP personnel, including the Turkish contingent.

4. Physical protection is included in the zone of responsibility of the Project Company, which contradicts international law, according to which responsibility for it lies with Turkey, in the territory of which the nuclear facility is built and operated. But Turkey itself is an arena of undamped Kurdistan conflict, with a real terrorist threat.

5. There is a specialized guard at Russian NPPs; NPP personnel have a security clearance certificate. All employees are checked by the relevant intelligence services. It is unclear how this will be organized on Turkish territory in accordance with Turkish laws, and, for example, in relation to Turkish citizens. On the other hand, in order to ensure its physical protection, it will be necessary to keep special paramilitary Russian units in Turkey - additional operating costs. And will Turkey agree to this?

6. According to Russian standards, the passage of aircraft over nuclear plants is prohibited. Who will establish restrictions on the passage of aircraft over Akkuyu NPPs and implement air defense measures that apply to all domestic NPPs?

7. All problems with the local population will have to be addressed by the Project Company. And if the “Indian” situation repeats itself, and people take to the streets with pickets against the construction of the station and force them to stop the construction and operation of the nuclear power plant, how will the Project Company return the money? And this is not a complete list of problems related to security and physical protection.

[Town Hall]

Management section


The provision of the Agreement relating to the corporate governance of the Project Company is clearly discriminatory in relation to Russia: the Turkish side, even without investing a dime, provides control over property that does not belong to it, hiding under the protection of national security and economic interests of Turkey.

Turkey has shown us a brilliant example of how to conclude Agreements in our favor! The only risk for Turkey is an increase in the cost of electricity ONLY to 15,33 US cents per kWh (excluding VAT) with an annual change in the price of electricity.
And even if at this price the construction costs of Akkuyu NPP cannot be recouped within 15 years from the moment each unit was commissioned (according to the plan until 2037), then this is already a problem for the Project Company and the Russian budget.

[Town Hall]

On crediting the construction of nuclear power plants:

A project company is a joint-stock company in which it is assumed that at least 51% should belong to the Russian side, and the remaining 49% should belong to foreign investors, most likely Turkish banks (if they are, of course, found). And, of course, it was they who would have to lend to Turkish contractors. Then all the risks of the Russian side seem to be reduced by 2 times.

However, starting construction, Russia becomes a hostage to the already invested funds. And regardless of whether there are any private investors or not, financing should continue at the expense of the Russian budget. Thus, with a high probability, the entire project ($ 20 billion in 2010 prices) will have to be paid for from the Russian budget. Hence, ALL the initial financial costs and risks will obviously be assigned to the Russian budget. It will finance foreign contractors, joint ventures and the Project Company itself. A scheme for the return of funds to the Russian budget is not even discussed.

Actually, interest-free lending to the Project Company by Russian budget money has not yet been encountered in the practice of international investment contracts. Typically, for long-term investments such as the construction of the Akkuyu NPP, a minimum of 5% per annum is accepted. Then, with the cost of selling electricity - 12,35 US cents per kWh, this nuclear power plant will pay off only after 33 years (instead of 15 years promised by Rosatom), while the refund should be $ 49 billion, not $ 20 billion.

Further, the establishment of a fixed price for electricity of 12,35 US cents per kWh for a period of 25 years - from 2012 from the start of the project to 2037, the deadline for the return of funds spent on the construction of nuclear power plants carries huge financial loss risks for the Russian side .

These risks are associated, on the one hand, with a very probable limitation of the growth in the cost of electricity in Turkey for a long period, and on the other, with significant inflation of the dollar itself in the world market.

The analysis showed that in the long term (10-15 years or more) there is a high probability that the cost of electricity in Turkey will be limited to 5-6 US cents per kWh (excluding VAT and other taxes) in the wholesale market. This will not allow raising the cost of electricity from a nuclear power plant. As a result, the rest of the electricity: 30% of the electricity from blocks 1 and 2 and 70% from the 3 and 4 blocks of nuclear power plants - will be sold at prices close to the cost. That will be a limitation for an additional source of return on investment in the construction of nuclear power plants. As a result, a real return on funds spent on the construction of nuclear power plants (constantly depreciating due to dollar inflation) will be carried out not in a 15-year period, but in a much longer period.

The fixed cost of selling electricity from a nuclear power plant does not take into account dollar inflation in the world market, which in the last decade, in a separate period of time, reached 7-10% per year. It should also be borne in mind when Russia itself borrows financial resources on the foreign market, for example, Vnesheconombank for 10-year and 15-year Eurobonds, pays for borrowed funds at the rate of 6,8-6,9% per annum. In Turkey, in 2011, in commercial banks, interest rates in dollars and euros were in the range of 5,75% - 7% per annum, and the mortgage loan rate in euros for 20 years was 7% per annum.

[Town Hall]

The geopolitical component of the Agreement.

The agreement on Akkuyu NPP, signed in this edition, cannot be explained by geopolitical considerations. According to it, we are much more dependent on Turkey than Turkey is on us. In addition to the direct multi-billion dollar financial losses of the Russian budget under the economic conditions of the Agreement, if something happens, we will be forced to compensate all the damage to the Turkish side, for example, with additional discounts on the cost of our gas for Turkey, or in another way.

The high risk of non-return of funds spent on the construction of the nuclear power plant is also associated with the fact that it is located next to the resort area of ​​Antalya. In 2011, about 11 million foreign tourists visited Antalya. Any slightest incident at a nuclear power plant, provocation against its employees or guards, retaliatory actions will immediately cause an outflow of these tourists and, accordingly, a harsh negative reaction of local residents against the nuclear power plant. This will not allow it to operate normally, it will complicate the return, and, possibly, the loss of the spent funds of the Russian budget for the construction of nuclear power plants.

All this will lead to the loss of Russia's geopolitical image in Turkey, in the countries of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, and around the world. In addition, the signing of the Accu NPP Agreement has already caused a sharp negative reaction of the Government of Cyprus, the discontent of the Russian Orthodox community in Greece and Cyprus.
The adopted version of the Akkuyu NPP agreement undermines the basis for Russia signing international contracts for the construction of nuclear power plants with other countries, because it shows that Russia can go to unreasonable unilateral preferences in promoting the construction of nuclear power plants.

[Town Hall]

On the procedure for signing the Agreement.

The agreement on the construction of Akkuyu NPP was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economic Development, Rostekhnadzor, Ministry of Natural Resources, FSB, Ministry of Justice and, possibly, other departments, was approved by the Government Resolution on the basis of the attached feasibility study of Rosatom. And then ratification took place in the State Duma, and on December 1, 2010 it was signed by the President of the Russian Federation. Why did the leaderships of these ministries and departments endorse this Agreement, and deputies of the State Duma voted for it, not realizing what enormous damage it would inflict on Russia's national interests?
When substantiating the signing of this Agreement by state authorities, the leadership of Rosatom declared that it would support the export of high-tech products to Turkey and would become an example of cooperation with other countries that would be beneficial for Russia. At the same time S.V. Kiriyenko referred to the experience of foreign countries, where really state export credit support ensures the implementation of capital-intensive technological investment projects abroad. HOWEVER, A SUBSTITUTE OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PROBLEM HAS HAPPENED. Firstly, nowhere in the world are nuclear power plants built under the “build-own-operate” scheme with a fixed cost of selling electricity in dollars, set 25 years in advance. Secondly, not a single state export credit agency (USA, France, Korea, etc.) gives its money for free; today the loan rate is at least 4-5%.

In March of this year, South Korea refused to build a nuclear power plant in Sinop on conditions apparently similar to those on which Russia is building the Akkuyu nuclear power plant.


B.I. Nigmatulin

Application. AGREEMENT between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Turkey on cooperation in the construction and operation of a nuclear power plant at the Akkuyu site in the Republic of Turkey

[Vasyan1971]

"He also called the project" a good economic guarantor of the development of Russian-Turkish relations. "
Well, I don’t know ... There have been cases in recent history ...

[Div Divich]

Judging by the choice of the place of construction, it is being built for industry and for servicing ports.

[You Vlad]

Quote: Divan Divanych

Judging by the choice of the place of construction, it is being built for industry and for servicing ports.

Syria is a strategic territory, a strait, one belt, one path, a multipolar world.