How did the Turks appear

57
History the settlement of Asia Minor by the Turks goes back to the conquests of the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuks were one of the branches of the Oguz Turks who lived until the 10th century in the steppes of Central Asia. A number of scientists believe that the Oguzes were formed in the steppes of the Aral Sea region as a result of the mixing of the Türkic (tribes of the Turkic Kaganate) with the Sarmatian and Ugric peoples.

In the 10th century, part of the Oguz tribes moved to the south-east of the Aral Sea region and became vassals of the local Samanid and Karakhanid dynasties. But gradually, the Oghuz Turks, taking advantage of the weakening of the local states, created their own state formations - the Ghaznavid state in Afghanistan and the Seljuk state in Turkmenistan. The latter became the epicenter of the further expansion of the Oguz Turks, also called the Seljuks, to the west - to Iran, Iraq and further to Asia Minor.





The great migration of Seljuk Turks to the west began in the 11th century. It was then that the Seljuks, led by Togrul Bek, moved on to Iran. In 1055, they captured Baghdad. Under the successor of Togrul Bey, Alp Arslan, the lands of modern Armenia were conquered, and then the Byzantium troops were defeated at the Battle of Manzikert. Between 1071 and 1081 virtually all of Asia Minor was conquered Oguz tribes settled in the Middle East, giving rise not only to the Turks proper, but also to many modern Turkic peoples of Iraq, Syria and Iran. Initially, the Türkic tribes continued to engage in nomadic cattle breeding that was usual for them, but gradually they were mixed with the autochthonous peoples living in Asia Minor.

How did the Turks appear


By the time of the invasion of the Seljuk Turks, the population of Asia Minor was incredibly motley in ethnic and confessional terms. Numerous peoples lived here, for thousands of years forming the political and cultural image of the region.

Among them, a special place was occupied by the Greeks - the people who played a key role in Mediterranean history. The colonization of Asia Minor by the Greeks began in the ninth century. BC e., and in the Hellenistic era, the Greeks and the Hellenized aboriginal peoples made up the majority of the population of all coastal regions of Asia Minor, as well as its western territories. By the eleventh century, when the Seljuks invaded Asia Minor, the Greeks inhabited at least half of the territory of modern Turkey. The most numerous Greek population was concentrated in the west of Asia Minor - the coast of the Aegean Sea, in the north - on the Black Sea coast, in the south - on the Mediterranean coast all the way to Cilicia. In addition, an impressive Greek population lived in the central regions of Asia Minor. The Greeks professed Eastern Christianity and were the main pillar of the Byzantine Empire.

Perhaps the second most important people after the Greeks of Asia Minor before the conquest of the region were the Turks Armenians. The Armenian population prevailed in the eastern and southern regions of Asia Minor - on the territory of Western Armenia, Little Armenia and Cilicia, from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to the south-western Caucasus and from the borders with Iran to Cappadocia. Armenians also played a huge role in the political history of the Byzantine Empire; there were many notable families of Armenian origin. From 867 to 1056 in Byzantium, the rule was the Macedonian dynasty, which was of Armenian origin and also called by some historians the Armenian dynasty.

The third large group of peoples of Asia Minor to the X-XI centuries. There were Iranian-speaking tribes that inhabited the central and eastern regions. These were the ancestors of the modern Kurds and kindred peoples. Much of the Kurdish tribes also led a semi-nomadic and nomadic way of life in the mountainous regions on the border of modern Turkey and Iran.

In addition to the Greeks, Armenians and Kurds, Georgian people also lived in Asia Minor in the northeast, Assyrians in the southeast, a large Jewish population in the major cities of the Byzantine Empire, and the Balkan people in the western regions of Asia Minor.

The Seljuk Turks invading Asia Minor initially retained tribal division characteristic of nomadic peoples. To the west, the Seljuks moved in the usual manner. The tribes included in the right flank (bouzouk) occupied more northern territories, and the tribes of the left flank (uchuk) - more southern territories of Asia Minor. It is worth noting that along with the Seljuks, the farmers who joined the Turks came to Asia Minor, who also settled on the lands of Asia Minor, creating their own settlements and gradually tyukizirovshis being surrounded by Seljuk tribes. The settlers occupied mostly flat areas in Central Anatolia and only then moved westward to the Aegean coast. Since most of the Turks occupied the steppe lands, the mountainous areas of Anatolia largely preserved the autochthonous Armenian, Kurdish and Assyrian population.



The formation of a single Turkish nationality on the basis of numerous Turkic tribes and the autochthonous population assimilated by the Turks took a long time. It was not completed even after the final liquidation of Byzantium and the creation of the Ottoman Empire. Even within the Turkic population of the empire, there were several groups that were very different in lifestyle. Firstly, these were actually nomadic Turkic tribes, who did not hurry to abandon their usual forms of economic activity and continued to engage in nomadic and semi-nomadic cattle breeding, mastering the plains of Anatolia and even the Balkan Peninsula. Secondly, it was the sedentary Turkic population, including the farmers of Iran and Central Asia, who came along with the Seljuks. Thirdly, it was the assimilated autochthonous population, including Greeks, Armenians, Assyrians, Albanians, Georgians, who accepted Islam and Turkic and gradually mixed with Turks. Finally, the fourth group was constantly replenished at the expense of immigrants from the most diverse peoples of Asia, Europe and Africa, who also migrated to the Ottoman Empire and were turkised.

According to some data, from 30% to 50% of the population of modern Turkey, considered to be ethnic Turks, are in fact Islamic and Turkic representatives of the autochthonous peoples. Moreover, the figure in 30% is voiced even by nationalist-minded Turkish historians, while Russian and European researchers believe that the percentage of autochthons in the composition of the population of modern Turkey is much higher.

Throughout its existence, the Ottoman Empire crushed and dissolved various peoples. Some of them managed to preserve their ethnic identity, but most of the assimilated representatives of numerous ethnic groups of the empire finally mixed with each other and turned into the foundation of the modern Turkish nation. In addition to the Greek, Armenian, Assyrian, Kurdish population of Anatolia, the Slavic and Caucasian peoples, as well as the Albanians, were very numerous groups that participated in the ethnogenesis of the modern Turks. When the Ottoman Empire extended its power to the Balkan Peninsula, under its control were vast lands inhabited by Slavic peoples, most of whom were Orthodox Christians. Some of the Balkan Slavs - Bulgarians, Serbs, Macedonians - chose to adopt Islam in order to improve their social and economic situation. Whole groups of Islamized Slavs have formed, such as Bosnian Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Pomaks in Bulgaria. However, many Slavs who converted to Islam simply dissolved in the Turkish nation. Very often, the Turkic nobility took as wives and concubines Slavic girls, who then gave birth to the Turks. Slavs constituted a significant part of the Janissary army. In addition, many Slavs individually converted to Islam and transferred to the service of the Ottoman Empire.



As for the Caucasian peoples, they also very closely contacted the Ottoman Empire from the very beginning. The Adyg-Circassian peoples who lived on the Black Sea coast had the most developed ties with the Ottoman Empire. Circassians have long gone to military service to the Ottoman Sultans. When the Russian Empire conquered the Crimean Khanate, numerous groups of Crimean Tatars and Circassians, who did not want to accept Russian citizenship, began to move to the Ottoman Empire. A large number of Crimean Tatars settled in Asia Minor and mixed with the local Turkic population. The assimilation process was quick and painless, given the very large linguistic and cultural proximity of the Crimean Tatars and Turks.

The presence of Caucasian peoples in Anatolia significantly increased after the Caucasian War, when many thousands of Adyghe-Circassian, Nakh-Dagestan and Turkic peoples of the North Caucasus moved to the Ottoman Empire, not wanting to live in Russian citizenship. Thus, numerous Circassian, Abkhaz, Chechen, and Dagestan communities formed in Turkey, which became part of the Turkish nation. Some groups of Muhajirs, as settlers from the North Caucasus were called, retained their ethnic identity up to the present, others almost completely dissolved in the Turkic environment, especially if they themselves initially spoke Turkic languages ​​(Kumyks, Karachays and Balkars, Nogai, Tatars). At full strength, the militant Ubykhs, one of the Adyg tribes, were resettled to the Ottoman Empire. Over the century and a half that has passed since the Caucasian War, the Ubykhs completely dissolved in the Turkish environment, and the Ubykh language ceased to exist after the death of the last carrier, Tevfik Esenc, who died in 1992 at the age of 88 years. Many prominent state and military leaders of both the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey were of Caucasian origin. For example, Marshal Berzeg Mehmet Zeki-Pasha was Ubykh by nationality, Kabardin was one of the military ministers of the Ottoman Empire, Abuk Ahmedpasha.

During the XIX - early XX centuries. Ottoman sultans gradually resettled numerous groups of Muslim and Turkic populations from the outskirts of the empire, especially from regions where the Christian population prevailed, to Asia Minor. For example, in the second half of the 19th century, the centralized relocation of Muslim Muslims from Crete and some other islands to Lebanon and Syria began - the sultan was worried about the security of Muslims who were surrounded by Greek Greek Christians. If in Syria and Lebanon such groups retained their own identity due to large cultural differences from the local population, then in Turkey itself they rapidly dissolved in the environment of the Turkic population, also joining the unified Turkish nation.

After the proclamation of the independence of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, and especially after the First World War and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the displacement of the Turkic and Muslim populations from the countries of the Balkan Peninsula began. So-called exchanges of population, the main criterion of which was religious affiliation. Christians were evicted from Asia Minor to the Balkans, and Muslims from Balkan Christian states to Asia Minor. Not only the very numerous Balkan Turks were forced to relocate to Turkey, but also groups of Slavic and Greek populations who professed Islam. The Greco-Turkish exchange of population 1921 of the year was the most large-scale, as a result of which the Muslim Greeks moved to Turkey from Cyprus, Crete, Epirus, Macedonia and other islands and regions. Similarly, the resettlement of Turks and Islamized Bulgarians - Pomaks from Bulgaria to Turkey took place in a similar way. The communities of Greek and Bulgarian Muslims in Turkey assimilated rather quickly, which was facilitated by a great cultural closeness between the litters, the Muslim-Greeks and the Turks, the presence of a long history and cultural ties.

Almost simultaneously with exchanges of the population, numerous groups of new wave of Muhajirs began to arrive in Turkey - this time from the territory of the former Russian Empire. The establishment of Soviet power was very ambiguously perceived by the Muslim population of the Caucasus, the Crimea and Central Asia. Many Crimean Tatars, representatives of the Caucasian peoples, peoples of Central Asia, preferred to move to Turkey. There were also immigrants from China - ethnic Uigurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz. These groups also partly became part of the Turkish nation, partly - they retained their own ethnic identity, which, however, is increasingly “eroded” in the conditions of living among ethnic Turks.

Modern Turkish legislation considers Turks to all those born from a father - a Turk or a mother - a Turkish woman, extending the concept of "Turks", thus, to the progeny from mixed marriages.
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  1. +1
    18 October 2017 15: 11
    Vigorous Blend
    1. +1
      18 October 2017 15: 30
      Quote: parusnik
      Vigorous Blend

      Only Russia truly manages to be a multinational country.
      1. 0
        18 October 2017 15: 55
        I'm about the nation .. about the Turks .. a lot of blood mixed up ...
        1. +4
          18 October 2017 16: 12
          Quote: parusnik
          I'm about the nation .. about the Turks .. a lot of blood mixed up ...

          So much is so mixed in Russian blood that the mixture is no less vigorous.
          1. +7
            18 October 2017 16: 29
            I will not follow the text, there are a lot of things, in my opinion, that need to be fixed.
            But the illustrations for the article are simply awful. Svidomity in Banderstat did.
            Here both Ukraine and Galicia. And even Iran. But we, readers of VO, know that ancient Persia began to be called Iran only under Hitler in 1935.

            Slave Market in Turkey. How many Russian people were driven there by the Turks and Crimean Tatars, especially from the territory of modern Ukraine.
            1. 0
              3 September 2019 13: 27
              The map is far from ideal, but as you said Persia, it was their Europeans so called, they themselves always called their country Iran !!!!!! You must first go there, and then write. But Ukraine appeared in the middle of the 20th century !!!!! Learn history in the museums of these countries, and not on the Internet !!!!!!
          2. +8
            18 October 2017 17: 53
            Russkte is a more monolithic nation. genetics says at least 50% of one haplogroup. What can not be said about the Turks. After all, Oguzes are in most haplogroup R1b. among Turks less than 10%. the rest is local. primarily Greeks and Armenians.
            it is not necessary to forget that confessional affiliation was important in the Ottoman Empire, not ethnicity. It was worth the Greek or Armenian to accept Islam and all. he is turkish.
            those Greeks and Armenians who preserved Christianity were engaged in economics - trade and other business. in this regard, they occupied a very large role, more than the Turks themselves.
            Turks fought more and were soldiers.

            when the division went along national borders in the 19th century. all Muslims recognized themselves as Turks. largely.

            By the way, the Bosniaks converted to Islam because before that they were Bogomil and were oppressed as heretics by their brothers.
          3. -1
            26 February 2018 12: 15
            Genetics deny it. Russian ethnically very pure nation.
      2. 0
        26 February 2018 12: 14
        With 85% of ethnic Russians on the passport, and taking into account Belarusians and Little Russians, perhaps for 90%, Russia is extremely far from multinational countries.
  2. +3
    18 October 2017 15: 27
    Quote: parusnik
    Vigorous Blend

    You have correctly noticed this.
    It seems that the current sultan is dreaming of an Ottoman estate at least within the borders of 1914
    1. Cat
      +7
      18 October 2017 15: 51
      Turkish fundamentalism has its own theoretical basis. Moreover, in their interests they include not only the peoples of the Caucasus and Crimean Tatars, but also all the other Turkic peoples of Russia. So, based on the name of their new Altai tank, modern Young Turks are not against expanding their borders to “I can’t”. Time will tell.
      1. +2
        18 October 2017 19: 00
        [quote] [/ quote So, based on the name of their new Altai tank, modern Young Turks are not against expanding their borders to “I can’t”. Time will tell.]
        To this and goes. The more we go towards the Turks, the faster this will happen. Judging by the actions of Vladimirovich, the unification of the Turkic peoples may occur in the near future. Yes, congratulations on Turkish tomatoes. Since December 1, the import of tomatoes is allowed. In addition to the Crimea and Syria, Putin has no positive actions.
        1. +6
          18 October 2017 21: 39
          The name of the tank Altai is not related to pan-Turkism. The name Altay was given to the tank in honor of General Fakhrettin Altai, who commanded the 1919th cavalry corps, parts of which during the Turkish War of Independence in 1923-XNUMX.
          liberated the city of Izmir from the Greek troops (the third largest city in Turkey and the second largest port in the country).
          1. +3
            18 October 2017 22: 42
            And in turn, the general received the name Altai in honor of the homeland of the Turks from where the nomads starred in robbery.

            The Turks need to pray for Russia, this it gave the second time in history, a chance for existence. Otherwise, the Greeks would put an end to.
            1. The comment was deleted.
              1. +1
                19 October 2017 07: 13
                Quote: Golibjon
                If England and America had not intervened in 1941, the Germans would have put a big hefty fat dot on your statehood long ago.

                And so for more than 1000 years, someone has been saving and not putting a bullet point all the time? Golibjon do not you think that the Almighty is for Russia? There will be no Russia who will resist the bad plans of the so-called "west"?
                1. +5
                  19 October 2017 10: 11
                  "Golibjon" - the so-called "pan-Turkist".
                  "Pan-Turkism is a cultural and political movement prevalent in states populated by Turkic peoples, which is based on ideas about the need for their political consolidation on the basis of ethnic, cultural and linguistic community"

                  There are people dreaming of "great Armenia", "great Israel", "great Germany", "great Russia" ... and there are - about "great Turkey".
                  (And Britain used to be called Britain. Now they have modestly removed Veliko ...)
                  Turkey is a completely respected country. If they continued the direction of Pasha Kemal (Ataturk), they would have achieved even greater success. But Erdogan "went the other way."
            2. +2
              19 October 2017 17: 50
              Greeks and the point I’m messing around
              1. +1
                26 February 2018 12: 17
                Yes, there are too few Greeks.
  3. +6
    18 October 2017 15: 39
    Dear author, let me supplement you a little: “they preserved their ethnic identity,” in the mid-nineties a significant group of Circassians returned to the Russian Federation, they formed 2 villages in the Republic of Adygea. Their "ingrowth" is very tense: some of the repatriates look at local Adygs as second-class people, and this offends local residents. I know this from the stories of old Circassians
    1. +1
      8 January 2018 16: 03
      Quote: Monarchist
      a significant group of Circassians, they formed 2 villages in the Republic of Adygea. Their "ingrowth" is very tense: some of the returnees look at local Adygs as second-class people, and this offends local residents

      a significant portion of these returnees are recruited by foreign special services (MIT, CIA, BND, Mossad). they generally need to be kept under vigilant control. This is the 5th column, potential revolutionaries
  4. +3
    18 October 2017 15: 45
    We were not there and there was nothing to guess. Everyone pulls a blanket over himself, especially in history. There are many versions of history in the internet, and it is impossible to compare them as truly accurate information. Since every clan, nation, religion, state in a single period of time, history has been rewritten repeatedly. For me personally, this is one of the versions. Too much new - ancient history appeared after the collapse of the USSR. All great and all with ancient history.
  5. -1
    18 October 2017 15: 58
    Turks-Oguz !!! It doesn't sound very good, but it suits them!
  6. +5
    18 October 2017 17: 11
    Oguzes, most likely from Altai, the Turkish language of the Turks is attributed to the Altai language family.
    Today, the “average” Turk is a typical European, and Seljuk Turks were not Caucasians. Most likely they were monogoloids.
    PS "There is an opinion" that the Seljuks are a distorted "Selyuki", and the founder of the state is not Osman from the Kayi tribe, but (more correctly) Ataman from the Khokhly tribe ...
    1. +1
      25 October 2017 01: 05
      “There is an opinion” that the Seljuks are a distorted “Selyuki”, and the founder of the state is not Osman from the Kayi tribe, but (more correctly) Ataman from the Khokhly tribe ... mm

      it is not they dug up the sea?
    2. +1
      26 February 2018 12: 20
      Why do you think so? Ainu Far Eastern, for example, outwardly quite Euro-Ryazan faces had. The descendants of the population of the Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde are also, as a rule, indistinguishable from the European.
  7. +4
    18 October 2017 17: 13
    Quote: Wend
    Quote: parusnik
    I'm about the nation .. about the Turks .. a lot of blood mixed up ...

    So much is so mixed in Russian blood that the mixture is no less vigorous.

    Yes, pure Russian blood, even a share of Tatar blood, I’m not talking about Mongolian, is vanishingly small. No need to be like galloping neighbors and call us "Asians", although there is nothing bad in Asians, and Asians are even very nothing ...
  8. +1
    18 October 2017 17: 46
    Thanks to the author, interesting and instructive.
  9. +3
    18 October 2017 18: 17
    The author didn’t bother to trace where the Turks came from in the Aral Sea region. It has long been known that Turkic ethnogenesis originated in South Siberia and from there the Turks began to spread to the East in Central Asia and the Volga region. but not original.
    1. +1
      18 October 2017 20: 23
      well, the kaganate long before the Seljukids was (in the 6th century) from the Don to China, and it quickly split into two western and eastern
      1. 0
        7 October 2018 17: 13
        There were several empires in Central Asia. One empire was replaced by another.
        Why the empire - because the states consisted of various tribes, native speakers of several language groups (Mongolian, Turkic, Iranian, etc.).
        How did these empires appear. One tribe will gain strength, subjugate several others - that’s the empire. Time will pass, the tribe will weaken (for various reasons), and another tribe will gain strength and now it begins to subjugate others.
  10. +2
    18 October 2017 23: 21
    Quote: ukoft
    those Greeks and Armenians who preserved Christianity were engaged in economics - trade and other business. in this regard, they occupied a very large role, more than the Turks themselves.
    Turks fought more and were soldiers.

    So it is also written in Shariah - a Muslim warrior and merchant. All other activities are valued little. And moneylenders, such as the guys from Sberbank, they generally kill with stones. And if the content of the article, then the question is about how they managed to chop off almost half of Europe. After all, they could have stopped, like the same prince Tepes, who is Vlad and Dracula. So no, they got to Vienna.
    1. +1
      25 October 2017 01: 13
      those. how did they conquer all of Asia Minor before you? but on the Serbs with the ramparts for some reason they had to stumble.
  11. +3
    19 October 2017 00: 37
    Quote: ukoft

    By the way, the Bosniaks converted to Islam because before that they were Bogomil and were oppressed as heretics by their brothers.

    As the Tambov wolves say, the Tambov wolves are their brothers ... If they are descendants of those Bogomils, their aggressiveness towards the Serbs becomes clear: bogomiliya is a way of life in kibbutzim “God-chosen” pederasts and lesbians ... they here strongly promoted their image here depraved life, until the church gathered forces ... half a million massacres and a million expelled to Byzantium and Bulgaria.
    ... Actually, in the 9th century, the Persian government invited foreign migrant workers to graze sheep in the Caspian littoral ... But sheep prefer alpine meadows and pastures (in the mountains they don’t get sick in summer, like the heat in the lower reaches), therefore, the Türks They thought about our mountains (this was justified by another Englishman) ... After 2 centuries, the Bagratid dynasty among us divided the country into heirs, and the Oguzes that crushed the Persians were able to conquer our mountains in turn.
    ... Oguzes were able to capture Syria because of the large Turkic composition of their Mamelukes.
    ... Jews discovered America so that the Spaniards would not go ashore on Turkish ... Bonus - 300000 Semites who moved to Turkey ... Then the flywheel aidish shshtik began to rotate - this was when the Jews accepted Islam according to their passport ... When at 19 In the XNUMXth century, the Jabotinsky began to explain to Istanbul about their soul mates with the Kypchaks and met with fierce resistance to impose kinship (such as poor relatives), the Dönme launched a “Young Turkish” revolution (I would be modestly silent about the participation of “Young Italian” like Carasso).
    Well, after WWII, everyone says the words of Stalin: "... Let the Turks pray for the Japanese."
  12. The comment was deleted.
    1. 0
      19 October 2017 05: 43
      Keyword tribes?
      1. The comment was deleted.
        1. 0
          19 October 2017 07: 19
          I mean, the tribe is one of the structures of primitive society and primitive relations. Perhaps the West will be able to be destroyed, and then dividing themselves into tribes, eat yourself.
          1. The comment was deleted.
            1. +1
              19 October 2017 09: 49
              It remains only to persuade Donald trump. laughing
              If he converts to Islam, then everything will be your way. fellow
    2. +1
      19 October 2017 05: 48
      Quote: Golibjon
      If Allah wants, then the east and the west will be ours.

      And if you don’t want to?
      1. 0
        19 October 2017 06: 27
        Allah knows best, but we will strive for this goal.
        1. +2
          19 October 2017 07: 06
          Quote: Golibjon
          Allah knows best, but we will strive for this goal.

          Strive - who does not give you, do not enter into ig and similar organizations banned in Russia like them - the Almighty is against these shaitans! Syria is an example.
  13. +1
    19 October 2017 06: 15
    Our ladies often get pregnant there, and give birth in the Russian Federation. Naturally, the children are recorded in Russian.
  14. 0
    19 October 2017 11: 02
    Quote: Golibjon
    Only the Turks are able to unite this world into one big organism in harmony and on the true path of Allah against ignorance and evil spirits led by the shaitan.

    The Türks lost their chance ... it really was in 1966, when the whole of England was trembling with fear of the Turkish invasion ... You didn’t think why the British pressured everyone so aggressively? It is they who do not want a repetition of those fears ... When before this the French king was trembling with fear, reading obscenities addressed to him from the Sultan, where the bay was ordered to behave like a pug, not when the first Turkish warrior entered Paris, the last still in the Bosphorus.
    ______
    Bye-bye, Turk, the train left for Vorkuta. Well, there’s another ghostly chance ... This is what Schneerson says about the future Khazaria ... There he simply informs that the destruction of the national Khazaria in Georgia and Armenia will go to Turkey ... So far, everything is going according to their plan ...
    1. 0
      19 October 2017 11: 14
      Sorry, there you have to read 1666.
  15. -1
    19 October 2017 13: 57
    where did you get this nonsense from? All the time it was believed that the Seljuks came from the Arabian desert.
    1. +1
      19 October 2017 19: 33
      Erdogan, arriving in Kazakhstan, claims to have arrived at home. hi
      1. 0
        19 October 2017 22: 37
        Although Nazarbayev says that “we didn’t get out of one empire in order to enter another,” it seems to me that Turank is all the same.
        1. +2
          20 October 2017 15: 58
          In fact, the NAS is the only one who said that integration in the post-Soviet space is inevitable. At least by virtue of the technological chains created during the USSR. hi
    2. +1
      25 October 2017 01: 19
      what a news! maybe from Antarctica? read books, enlighten yourself so that you don’t speak nonsense.
  16. +1
    19 October 2017 15: 32
    They only began to call themselves Turks in the 19 century. In the Ottoman Empire, subjects were divided into the faithful and the giaurs (from the Arabic, “kyafir” is an infidel).
  17. +4
    19 October 2017 19: 29
    I wonder how the Macedonians were Turkized if the sowing “nation” appeared in 1947? Apparently, the laurels of Skopian historians are shaking the author fool
    1. +1
      26 February 2018 12: 26
      That's when we have the word "Ukrainian" will become abusive, then about the so-called. Macedonians will remember what kind of Serbo-Bulgarians are so incomprehensible. Although it’s actually more complicated, the Balkans will need to unite in one form or another, after the collapse of Yugoslavia there were no strong countries left there. The time of division by nationality has long passed, the modern economic system requires powerful supranational associations.
  18. 0
    22 October 2017 16: 55
    Everything is so, I was interested in this issue, the conclusions are the same, the author clearly and professionally stated everything,
    - But I did not do this.
    Of course you can add to infinity.
  19. -1
    22 October 2017 18: 26
    The Turks have a desire for sources, for true Turks, they believe the true Russian Turks, until recently, have kept the nomadic way.
    They envy Russia very much - true Turks, real Russian soldiers serve.
    Greek, Armenian and other components in themselves are not particularly recognized, in any case they do not shout loudly. They say that the Arabs spoiled the modern Turks.
    The anthem of the party of Erdogan, the song of the Russian Nogai Aslanbek Sultanbekov, is very popular in Turkey:
  20. 0
    23 October 2017 11: 49
    The Turkish nation was formed in the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, like most other nations on the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The Turks created their national state after most of the Balkan nations and only after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
    1. +1
      26 February 2018 12: 21
      Well, before that they had a multinational empire.
  21. +1
    15 December 2017 12: 54
    Quote: Nikolai S.
    how many Russian people were driven there by the Turks and Crimean Tatars

    According to some reports, about 4 million Polonians went through the slave market of Kafa (Feodosia) for four centuries (15-18 centuries AD). In place of that market, there is now a park at the foot of the mountain ...
  22. 0
    26 February 2018 12: 28
    In general, all those whom the Russian government interfered with robbing with impunity interfered. The whole rabble of tuda fled.
  23. 0
    April 18 2018 14: 57


    What is interesting is the map presented in the article: it shows the real location of Azerbaijan.

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