"The whole country was sitting ?!" Political repression in the mass consciousness and in documents

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"The whole country was sitting ?!" Political repression in the mass consciousness and in documents


The fifth interregional conference on the topic "Russian security agencies - 100 years in the system of statehood development" was held in Yekaterinburg, dedicated to the centenary of the OGPU Cheka. Historians, archivists and intelligence officers discussed the events of those years; in the footsteps of open archival data, many scientific works appeared.



Thus, the head of the Archives Administration of the Sverdlovsk Region, Alexander Kapustin, in his speech put a new problem before the national historiography. Based on the facts and figures known today - he designated it as "the theme of political repression in the mass consciousness." Do I have to say how relevant this is for Yekaterinburg, where the leadership of the Yeltsin Center talks about “rehabilitating the Vlasovites” (that is, as if they were “innocently repressed”), and mayor Yevgeny Roizman talks about “thousands of people killed a day” 1937-1938

Remarkably, at the conference, the authorities of the Sverdlovsk UFSB stated that the creation of a complex of guilt and repentance in Russian society was carried out by foreign special services.

On the eve.RU presents to the readers excerpts from the report of Alexander Kapustin.



I would like you to regard this report as an attempt to pose a problem, but not to finally solve it. It will be necessary to solve it all together in the professional community. Each new mode creates a profitable for him historyoften mythologized. And in this story the enemy is mean and cunning, and the ruling leader is wise and fair. The reality is changing, the myth is changing, but the picture that has already formed in the public consciousness influences social life, shifting accents, making it difficult to perceive reality, after all, society is aware of the need for an impartial view of the past. Cold-blooded, not politicized to study it.

This especially applies to events that radically changed fate: such events include wars, revolutions, the birth and destruction of empires, other state formations, one of such events was the repression of the pre-war period, their culmination - the 1937-1938 period. Thousands of books and articles are dedicated.

Unfortunately, most of them suffer from bias, excessive emotionality, political determination and the lack of analysis of the prerequisites, the course and consequences of these repressions. And this is understandable, the children and grandchildren of the GULAG survivors who were shot and killed, the children of the organizers and participants of the repressions, the scammers, and those who wanted to shoot at rallies like mad dogs are not interested in objective research, disclosing the causes and details of the tragic events that occurred. The former perceive it as an insult to their feelings, the memory of innocent victims, the latter are simply afraid and do not want to delve into history.

The very phrase "victims of political repression" was formed by 1958, to the beginning of large-scale rehabilitation. The first partial rehabilitation was carried out at the suggestion of Beria in 1938-1940. There was also the rehabilitation of 1940-1941, when most of the military were rehabilitated. Rehabilitation 1958-60's. It took place in the light of the attitudes and assessments of the 20th Congress of the CPSU and was selective: the party nomenklatura was rehabilitated in the first place, while workers and collective farmers were somehow forgotten and they were not discussed. And despite the fact that it was in 60-s. final reports were prepared by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs on the number of convicted bodies of the Cheka, the OGPU, the NKVD for 1921-1953, it was then that the first stable, often mythologized ideas about the causes and course of repression were formed.

First of all, it is the demonization of Stalin, the second is the overestimation of the number of repressed dozens of times, and the third is the glorification of the repressed leaders, representatives of the so-called elite of the old Bolshevik guards, later embodied in the form of "innocent victims". And the fourth is an explanation of 1941’s defeat by the consequences of political repression. It seemed that over the years that have passed since the 20th Congress, 40 should have figured out, to reveal the true causes, nature and consequences of the repressions. And although it was proved that most of the statements of Khrushchev in his report were false, these myths continued to repeat.

And what's more, add new stories to them. In 1988, the third and last wave of rehabilitation began, which, under the conditions of 90's, turned into a solid one and took place under the conditions of lawlessness. In short - then all together. I myself was a member of the commission for rehabilitation. At the same time, the criminal 58 article was merged into one basket, and the administrative one - dispossession of kulaks, reprisals. They also added the Civil War, losses from collectivization, and so on. In the book "Stalin's repressions", Dmitry Lyskov wrote that during the 15 months of work, the rehabilitation commission reviewed 1 million 17 criminal cases for 1 million 586 thousand 104 people. The rate of review of cases is truly fantastic - 67 thousand per month. The scale of rehabilitation makes one doubt whether a court session was held on these cases at all? And if these questions were considered on an administrative basis, what kind of revival of respect for the norms of the law can we talk about? I must say that the past rehabilitation, unfortunately, for 10-15 years has stopped any attempts at serious research on the problem of repression.

And the following cliches are firmly rooted in the mass consciousness: the causes of repression are Stalin's struggle for power, his maniacal character and suspicion, cruelty. The mass nature of the repression, if briefly: "half the country sat, half the country was guarded." On the innocence of all repressed: "repression was illegal," "during the repression, a large and better part of the leaders, the military and the intelligentsia, was destroyed." And the last thing: "the repressions weakened the country and led it to defeat in 1941."

As a result, the most important questions turned out to be extremely confusing: firstly, who, how many, and why were repressed? After all, we all know that they [repressions] occurred during a time of economic recovery, in peace, not war. When there is growing dissatisfaction of citizens with the regime and system - under the conditions of the adoption of the 1936 constitution and the holding of the first in the history of the USSR general, equal, secret and direct elections. With the guarantees guaranteed not only by the constitution, but also by the development of production, guarantees for labor, education, medicine, and social protection - all for free. Where did discontent come from? Third, why did Stalin, who defeated all his political opponents by 1936, surrounded by universal adoration, suddenly decided to carry out mass repressions, why did he need it? Who thought about this? And fourth, what did the country lose and what did the country gain by 1941?

Thus, the events of 80-year-old for many people continue to be a mystery, and we still live in myths and legends born by the 20th CPSU Congress. In recent years - 10 years - a significant number of works created on a sound documentary basis have appeared: Yuri Zhukov, Dmitry Lyskov, Leonid Naumov, Leonid Tumshes, Alexander Popchinsky, Yury Emelyanov, Alexander Putyatin and many others - have presented convincing evidence that refutes the common idea on 1937 d. Their research contains information about the events of the 30-s, based on numerous archival data, while a number of historians, politicians and publicists continue to adhere to the point of view of 60- 70: Nikolai Timashov, Naum Yasny, Henri Berkson, Stephen Wheatcroft, Roy Medvedev, Olga Shatunovskaya calculate the number of victims by seven-digit numbers. The record was set by the Nobel laureate Solzhenitsyn, who determined the number of victims from 66 to 100 million people - this is from the “Article and speech” published in Paris in 1989.

About the continuing confusion in the minds says the answer schoolgirl from Kamyshlov - I regularly, almost every month, meet with schoolchildren, and in Kamyshlov led me classes 10-11, specialized history classes. And when it came to this, I asked: "And how many repressed were we?" The girl (11 class!) Declares to me - 300 million people! Sweet girl, with a population of 240 million, where else did you take 60 million? Conceive something necessary! It's time to name the real number, although it has already been named, I repeat once again: in the 60-s. they were preparing it for Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, but he kept silent about her.

Over 1931-1938 4 million 835 thousand 937 people were arrested. Of these, 2 million 944 thousand 879 people were convicted, that is, more than 1 million were released. To the highest measure out of this number of convicts (from 2 million 944 thousand 879 people) sentenced 745 thousand 220 people. This includes peak years - 1937-1938. If we take all the data before 1953, we will get convicted 4 million 60 thousand 315 people - of them 799 thousand 455 people were sentenced to the highest degree. Yes, indeed, 1937-1938 - terrible years, because arrests and executions in two years had more than all the others from 1921 to 1953, but, nevertheless, the number of people shot - 19,6% of the convicts, and the number convicts in general - 1,7% of the population. And where is the mass repression? And where is the "whole country sitting"? Slightly more than 1,5%. You can blame the NKVD organs for anything cruelty, but you cannot blame them for not having scrupulous counting in their office. It counted everything. These numbers can be trusted.

I want to say that this is a terrible figure, but it is not 100 million or 300 million. In the end, you need to know your story for what it is. Thus, there is a need to continue research, and first of all it is necessary to carefully study the 20-30. It was during these years that the preconditions formed and the reasons that led the country to the arrests of 1936-1938 appeared.

Once again, carefully, without political bias, sympathies and antipathies, consider the development of the economy of the USSR in the period of the New Economic Policy, its achievements and negative aspects. On the one hand: an increase in production volumes - by 1927 by 20% in comparison with 1917. This is a plus. On the other hand, there are various kinds of social problems and contradictions that threaten not only the future of the NEP, but also the very existence of the USSR. This is precisely the root of the abolition of the NEP, and not that the “evil Stalin” was suddenly tired of this whole thing, and [the authorities of the USSR] decided to cover the matter, as we have written in textbooks. I myself studied according to these textbooks and know perfectly well what I am talking about. So, in 1926, the commodity grain (commodity grain - which can be sold, including abroad, receiving currency) the country produced two times less than in 1913. What good will you feed the cities and army with? Nothing.

There have been major changes in the social image of the village, as a result of which the percentage of peasants negatively related to the current government has increased. The consequence of the revolution and the Civil War was the archaization of the village, with a sharp drop in labor productivity, the revival of the rural community as an organ of peasant self-government, which significantly reduced the influence of official authorities on the peasantry. In industry, slow growth has been accompanied by rising unemployment, which has already been estimated in millions of people. Already in the second half of 20's. The youth was acutely faced with the problem of their real prospects, social advancement. The result - the social dissatisfaction of society grew. The country still remained backward in most branches of the national economy, the society of universal happiness, which the Bolsheviks promised, acquired the outlines of a freak society, where speculators and corrupt officials thrive. Bottom line: the emergence of red banditry.

Schoolchildren now do not know what it is. And many adults do not know. This is when the people who fought in the Civil War, who made the revolution, who won, suddenly saw how the NEPman bourgeoisie was developing. And what feeling did they have? Hatred. They were formed in the communist cells, which simply created a mob. And it was difficult for them to explain that the country is building a legal state, that only one instance can sentence a person to death - the court, and not you, even those who are all worth it. And this was, and our well-known writer Arkady Gaidar was one of such “honored” ones - it was he himself who shot five gangsters himself, although he had no right to do so. Do you know what they did to him? They made a decision to shoot. The court sentenced: conditionally shoot. Man was given a chance to improve. He understood, but he was one of the few who understood. And the most part continued to operate in the old way, only one tool could stop them. Bullet.

More and more people expressed, especially working youth, about a big leap forward. That is, the absolute majority of party members, working youth was ready to storm the new fortresses and to return the revolutionary romance.

Lot status

And who are the communists 1930's? The party was not homogeneous in its composition, the difference in the level of education, culture, life experience was sometimes amazing. Of great importance was the party experience, especially since pre-revolutionary times. It turned out that those who had this pre-revolutionary experience, despite their abilities, despite their abilities, took leadership positions. At congresses of the party 80-90% of delegates - it was just the "old guard", which had underground experience.

More than 50% of party members, as they wrote in the questionnaires, had a lower, home or prison education. They were young, up to 25 years, and most of them joined the party when there was no political competition or danger. This is not the "old guard", which, knowing that, being communists, puts its life at mortal risk. These have no risk. They quickly occupied leading positions, but were not ready to manage plants, factories, cities, and districts, either by educational level or by character. But I didn’t have to speak about serious acquaintance with the fundamentals of Marxism, Leninism.

Artyom Vesely in the novel "Russia, washed with blood" wrote: "Everything was simple: the Red Army is the defender of the working people, our enemies are the kulaks, the landowners, the capitalists. Ruthlessly, the duty, the red sacred banner, long live, who have questions, comrades? " That's the whole ideology. Youthful idealism and impetuousness, ruthlessness to enemies, brought up in the Civil War, utopianism - these are the characteristic features of the communist 1930's. Remarkable shots for the capture of any fortresses, including the destruction of any enemy. This was demonstrated at the end of 1930.

Party discussions. Opposition

The study of this issue is very important for understanding the causes and course of repression. The presence of real opposition and the struggle within the party is the most important reason for the purges of the party and the repressions that followed. Trotsky, Bukharin, Rykov, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Tomsky, Raskolnikov, Radek, Antonov, Pyatakov, Ovseenko, Rakovsky and others were a minority in the party, but, nevertheless, were the spiritual fathers of the majority of opposition movements. It was the abundance of factions, groups and opinions that split the party, disorienting not only the party mass, but the whole country, because everyone was watching this discussion. And if to take into account the goals and methods of achievement pursued by them, then, indeed, for the development of the country they represented a real danger.

Degradation of the ruling elite

It is well reflected in the reports of the Cheka of the OGPU in letters from citizens, which are illustrated by the censorship authorities. Most of those who came to power in 1917 were convinced of their right to remain forever at the head of the country. Most of them - the so-called "old guard" - in the words of Mayakovsky, made themselves cozy nests by that time, considering the districts and cities, factories and factories as their patrimonies. A dominant in society 20-30's. legal nihilism helped to reveal permissiveness, rudeness, bribery, embezzlement and other not the best traits of man. Zoshchenko, Mayakovsky, Ilf and Petrov wrote their works from life, not with a finger, like Solzhenitsyn, sucked the facts, but from what they saw in reality in life. And really in life it all happened. And in large quantities.

Army

What was the command structure on the experience of hostilities? You will see that it was a civil war, and that was all. There was nowhere else to gain experience, and the situation changed dramatically even by the end of the 20s. And we are still stuck there. By education - most of the commanders had primary and secondary education. Academic education had units. By ideology and political orientation - who was the creator of the Red Army then considered? Trotsky. Sorry, most of them were appointed to their posts and brought up by this very comrade. They were devoted to him. Group The army was not united. I mean the commanders. These were groups of pioneer boys, these were groups of Chapayevites, these were groups of Kotovtsy, the commanding staff was split. They dragged their own, and sharply and sharply competed with others.

Could such a composition make a single fist in the outbreak of the war? No, I could not. On moral and domestic sustainability. That drunkenness is the scourge of the army, we know. But this is especially characteristic manifested precisely in the 20 and in the early 30-s. I will not cover this topic, but it is. By the way, a significant number of commanders dismissed from the army, who were then suddenly declared "politically repressed", were dismissed for drunkenness and debauchery. The bottom line: the combat readiness of the army was low. And it must be admitted.

Results of exercises 1935-1936. showed the actual lack of readiness of the army for war. And the Finnish 1939 experience showed this. Look at the act of accepting the people's commissariat of defense - from Voroshilov to Tymoshenko, and you will see visually how weak the army was. For the unsatisfactory combat readiness of the army, responsibility was borne not only by Stalin, of course, by him, but first of all by the marshals, division commander - just those who were arrested, and now we are declaring them "innocent victims." It is a fact.

At the conference in Yekaterinburg, Alexander Kapustin, Head of the Archives Administration of the Sverdlovsk Region, posed a new problem for Russian historiography. Based on the facts and figures known today - he designated it as "the theme of political repression in the mass consciousness." On the eve of .RU, the second part of the report by Alexander Kapustin and the answers to questions from the audience are presented to readers



The presence of layers hostile to Soviet power in the village, among the intelligentsia, especially the "former", whose position was below the garbage, excuse me for this word, they were not considered to be people. Revolution, civil war, persecution of the church, collectivization, dispossession of kulaks led to the formation of significant groups of the population, dissatisfied with the Soviet government in general and the ruling regime in particular. And given the political, military and life experience of many of them, it became clear that these people were not going to sit with folded arms.

Already in 1922-1923. In the OGPU, there was evidence of upcoming group meetings and certain conversations concerning dissatisfaction with the ruling regime and its overthrow. Kronstadt, Tambov, Ishim uprising, the uprising on the Don, which took place after the Civil War - this is only the most well-known part of open and violent actions against the government. And how many local foci of resistance? Who studied them?

By the way, these layers were an excellent base - I mean not only the military, I mean the intelligentsia - for the intelligence work of Western intelligence services. The concession policy of the Soviet authorities in 1920, attracting foreign specialists to work in industry in 1930, freedom of movement throughout the country represented a wide field of activity for the special services of Germany, Poland, Great Britain, the USA, Japan and other countries. Only the results of the counterintelligence activity of our countryman, Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov, in Sverdlovsk and Moscow show how freely they felt, excitedly working with technical and creative intelligentsia, bureaucracy and command personnel. They recruited and recruited, and the secrets flowed and flowed. This is also a fact.

Thus, the situation in the country was complex and controversial. On the one hand, the policy pursued by the government towards accelerated industrialization and collectivization with well-understood goals and objectives, and on the other, an increasingly inhibited inhibition of this process by entire groups and segments of the population. And if we take into account the fact that since 1927, the threat of a new war against the USSR has become a reality and has increased throughout this year, all these years, it didn’t represent labor power. It was necessary to tighten these same nuts.

Continuing to move, having the state that we had, was not just problematic, it was sometimes impossible. If we deal with these moments, we will understand a lot of what happened. And finally, how did the country survive the repression? How did they influence the development of the country?

Until now, this topic remains outside the framework of the interest of researchers, it seems obvious that until we make a comparative assessment of the state of the country before and after, do not evaluate the nature and results of the activities of the new and old elites, we will not be able to give the answer and the scientific assessment of the repression of 20-30's.

True, the country has very little time for a new run. In 1941, the war began. And from the war - which the country entered split, fragmented by ideological and for a number of other reasons - the country emerged different. She came out single, but this is another storyline. Already another story. Therefore, apparently, there is a need to continue the calm research process in this direction, drawing attention to the aspects that I have just said.

Attempted adoption of the Constitution 1936 g. Became a catalyst for repression?

The adoption of the Constitution was quite a long process, there are also a large number of myths on this topic. But the Constitution really was unique for that time. She envisaged equal direct elections. Moreover, in the party nomenclature it was ordered to prepare for itself a replacement: two or three people, from whom it was necessary to raise successors. Stalin said this: we are already at the age, after some time we will leave, and who will replace us? And they understood it as a signal. From the power to go alone no one wanted. And the elections, which could take place and took place in the end, could give very different results. When they were held in 1937, relevant events were already unleashed, arrests, etc., a wave of hysteria arose about this. All this should be studied very carefully.



How to use the topic of repression in politics?

I would call it just a problem statement. Despite the fact that many years have passed from those events, we still do not know much. Many myths about that time, of course, are used in politics. If you take not so many historians as politicians, they are divided into two camps with diametrically different ideas: some consider Stalin to be a monster and a murderer, others consider Stalin an effective manager. They are divided according to who sets what tasks to them. But the very fact of political repression was not only 1937, it was a process that began in the 1920. and 1937 did not end, it lasted until 1953, and maybe later, it is a process, and how it should be studied. We pay attention - stuck in - I pay attention to this word, precisely to 1937, - it is understandable why most of the shootings were arrested there and the overwhelming majority of it was then - but that's not all.

By the way a politician uses this information, one can say about his goals. If a person sets himself the task of proving the need for state power, he starts talking very well about Comrade Stalin. If he sets himself tasks somewhat different - and liberalism in Russia has destroyed more than one dynasty and statehood, then there will be a lot and long talk about liberal values, about the need for universal freedom, irresponsibility and so on. Although I am not a politician, it is difficult for me to judge this. I am a historian, and my task is to show the facts that exist and which should be analyzed, they should be supplemented, they should be checked, correlated with other facts. Then, maybe, in some time we will find the truth.

But while this part of the story is being politicized by different forces, that's when we move away from it - although it would seem that more than one generation has passed - then maybe we will be able to sit down and talk. This all reminds me of a recent argument with our Polish friends. They make a claim to us that we have ruined the entire Polish elite - “they have ruined in the camps”, naturally. When you start to look, who was imprisoned there? If you call the prostitutes the elite of Polish society - they know better. If you can call thieves, murderers and rapists the elite of society - they know better.

Let's see. We know how much, but still still did not know who and for what. Here it is necessary to understand, to understand calmly, scrupulously. Will we do this? I mean not power, I mean the relatives of those people - this is a big question. But this must be done, and, sooner or later, we will come to this with you. Because these events will be used for political purposes for a very long time.
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  1. +7
    28 September 2017 06: 13
    - "Only time with us is this - we can’t do without orphans" ....
  2. +27
    28 September 2017 06: 15
    I could not read the article to the end. Tired of transfusion from empty to empty: yes there were repressions, but the country was built and won the war with the Nazis. Now there are no repressions and we live in a mess with the loss of moral and spiritual guidelines and it’s scary to think “what if the war?”.
    1. +11
      28 September 2017 20: 53
      The essence of the article is that there were well-founded grounds for repressions. Another thing is that there were excesses and reinsurance on the part of careerists in the organs, there were personal accounts, there were a lot of things. And all of these must be dealt with calmly, without tantrums and shy from one extreme to the other - all are innocent or all are to blame. As an example, the only historian who has seen documents on repressions in the Red Army of 37-40. - Volkogonov (he also took them out, having stolen them from the archives in the USA). He gives the figure - 38 thousand repressed commanders. But, when analyzing these figures, it turns out that there are included about 4 thousand paints expelled from the army for drunkenness and moral decay. Also there were those who were imprisoned for embezzlement and abuse of power. If you are interested in more detail, you can see the Intelligence on YouTube on the channel of Ditria Peskov
      1. +3
        1 October 2017 22: 43
        Quote: The cat is half-educated
        And all of these must be dealt with calmly, without tantrums and shy from one extreme to another - all are innocent or all are to blame

        Everything has already been decided for you. Putin signed a decree celebrating 100-I Solzhenitsyn. In his homeland, the authorities are trying to bring in a monument to the "great" countryman. According to the results of the survey, 76% is against the installation of the monument, but the authorities stubbornly offer new and new places for its “perpetuation”.
  3. +35
    28 September 2017 06: 34
    History is one of the most effective tools for constructing a stable and developing political system, but only if a balanced and balanced attitude to its past is formed in society. Unfortunately, from the end of the 80s and until now, history has been a source of speculation, of earning "the reputation of fighters for the people" and the habitat of all kinds of "liberals" and "universal people."
    In addition to politicians, mass art became ill with the humiliation of the historical past. If you carefully study the films about the war, shot over the past 20-25 years, it turns out that the Nazis were defeated by political prisoners along with criminals, and the Communists, stupid generals, and Stalin and Beria personally interfered with this.
    And while something is not visible the end of this process.
    1. +27
      28 September 2017 13: 12
      Quote: Curious
      In addition to politicians, mass art became ill with the humiliation of the historical past. If you carefully study the films about the war, shot over the past 20-25 years, it turns out that the Nazis were defeated by political prisoners along with criminals, and the Communists, stupid generals, and Stalin and Beria personally interfered with this.

      The art "in quotation marks" is in the service of the ruling class, hence the "masterpieces" such as "fines".
      Having now 25 years of experience living "in the market" and building peripheral capitalism, it becomes obvious that Comrade Stalin was the greatest humanist. Not all traitors and opportunists were punished by the sword of proletarian justice, otherwise we would not have raped the counter-revolution of 91-93.
      Now the current bourgeois ideologists are trying to pass off pure criminality for political articles, it is beneficial for them, as a profitable and uneducated, illiterate population.
      1. 0
        2 October 2017 16: 05
        Well, you have jokes ... A Stalin-humanist ... And remember Art. in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for spikelets ... minors under 10 years old ... and proletarian justice Korolev during interrogation broke both jaws ..... really needed to be finished (for greater humanity) ... hi The saddest lack of a balanced approach to this global topic .. Closed archives .. and adequate historians ...
    2. +1
      2 October 2017 08: 36
      History is a great teacher creating a person, a citizen. The denial of history, the groaning and spitting is the destruction of the state, statehood, there is a movement aimed at undermining the foundations of the state: raising a generation that does not remember kinship, spits on its past: on its fathers, grandfathers, mothers, an example - Ukraine ... This is the goal lyubera..stnoy propaganda and destruction of the history of Russia. Pay attention to the Yeltsin Center - a liberal .. viper that he does with the history of Russia, and why it exists. There is only one answer: the decay of our children, the destruction of our future ... One of the methods is to spit on Stalin, slander and lie, exaggerate all the losses that Russia and the Union suffered during the repressions of the 30s. At the same time, the reasons for the repressions are not called, the political platform of the repressed and their actions in Russia are not analyzed, and these actions are not analyzed in a critical situation for the country: in case of war. Undoubtedly, during the repressions, those who were not guilty also suffered. But, if Stalin had not purged the state apparatus in the 30s, if he had not destroyed the fifth column, then the result of 41 years would have been even more deplorable. All this fifth column that was not destroyed would either have thrown the country to the mercy of Hitler, the Nazis and fled to America, Australia or Africa, for example, Poland, torn to pieces in the year 39 and the government fleeing to England, or would have betrayed its people and served the Nazis. It is enough to recall Vlasov here. If Stalin had not destroyed the fifth column inside the country before the war, then such vlasovs would be caught in batches to prevent the collapse of the country, sabotage, and sabotage.

      "People-State-Fatherland" - this is the slogan of every Russian patriot. A strong state, a united people, a prosperous Fatherland that cannot be defeated by an internal and external enemy.
  4. +7
    28 September 2017 06: 49
    "And this is understandable, the children and grandchildren of the surviving Gulag prisoners, executed and dead, the children of the organizers and participants of the repressions, scammers, and those who demanded to be shot at rallies like mad dogs, are not interested in an objective study, disclosing the causes and details of the tragic events that happened "The former perceive this as an insult to their feelings, the memory of innocent victims, the latter are simply afraid and do not want to delve into the history."
    That is, the author recognizes the main thing - all these people were. And once they were, they have the right to judge from their bell tower - all people are people. Because man has measured everything. And if so, then until the generations of "these" succeed, nothing can be done - the inertia of public consciousness is too great. And now about the girl and 300 million. Ignorant fool? Yes! But ... and let him think so. So she told her grandchildren that it should not be so. Because in the end, the country still fell apart. Today there is no other way than the market. And if so, everything that is “for” is “good.” All that is "against is bad." Because the Lapotniks who came to the city, no matter who they are, cannot compete with the graduates of Harvard and Yale! By the way, the author writes about this. Only in other words.
    1. +12
      28 September 2017 07: 02
      No, about the lawsuit with the Harvard and Yale - you said that very much. The question is that the first Harvard with Yale were hardly titans of thought and aristocrats of the spirit. However, they created a leadership training system. For almost 400 years. Where is it written that it is impossible to repeat, and only there is the source of the wisdom of the light elves? And then immediately captured.
      1. +13
        28 September 2017 08: 09
        About "Because the lapotniks who came to the city no matter who they are, can not compete with the graduates of Harvard and Yale!" Is this an attempt to compare Stalin and Churchill?
        1. +11
          28 September 2017 08: 47
          so Churchill lost on all counts ..
          1. +7
            28 September 2017 08: 48
            So I about the same ...
        2. +2
          28 September 2017 18: 02
          Stalin, as you know, studied at the seminary, but was expelled shortly before graduation. Churchill graduated from the cavalry school, did not study at universities, did not graduate from institutes. So, 50 to 50.
          1. +1
            28 September 2017 19: 00
            Well, Eton College is also not for people from the village ...
    2. +17
      28 September 2017 08: 05
      Vyacheslav, and if you remove the support of their clans and corporate support from the graduates of Iel and Harvard, how will they be better than the lapotniks? And that it is a market way that is bleak. there is a beholder ..
      1. +1
        28 September 2017 18: 05
        The watchers were also on the Soviet market ...
        1. +1
          30 September 2017 20: 51
          Of course there were Vyacheslav. they are still there. And not only in our market. Or do you think that the market regulates oil prices? Nope. They are regulated by those who look, just a caliber higher than in vegetables.
    3. +11
      28 September 2017 09: 19
      Well, how can you compete with graduates of Harvard and Yale, if you adopt your doctrine in the style of "... about a girl and 300 million. An ignorant fool? Yes! But ... but let him think so." : fellow As for your passage about the market, and that he will regulate everything himself, then this is a myth laughing
    4. +18
      28 September 2017 11: 11
      Quote: kalibr
      And now about the girl and 300 million. Ignorant fool? Yes! But ... and let him think so. So she told her grandchildren that it should not be so.

      Is it your students who are ignorant, illiterate ... and what will they pass on to? You need to, an ignorant fool, as the author put it. You elevated him to the rank of a certain highest model for society ..
      Quote: kalibr
      . Because in the end, the country still fell apart.

      Thanks to you, former party apparatchiks, have you forgotten who you were and what you were in charge of?
      Quote: kalibr
      Because the Lapotniks who came to the city, no matter who they were, could not compete with the graduates of Harvard and Yale!

      Where did you get it. Ali Soros invented it yourself, your sponsor decided to write it for you?
      Quote: kalibr
      By the way, the author writes about this. Only in other words.

      The author of this nonsense DOES NOT WRITE, you do not give your own, for someone else's.
  5. +23
    28 September 2017 07: 40
    Repression is the trump card of Russian "liberals" and their instructors from abroad. When they have nothing to specifically say, this “trump card” is immediately taken from the sleeve, and shabbling begins with the reduction of mythical figures. And let those who falsify history repent.
    1. +17
      28 September 2017 13: 17
      Quote: rotmistr60
      And let those who falsify history repent.

      The story with the Katyn case is indicative, when the president and prime minister repented the whole world, shocking a fake from high tribunes.
      So the falsifiers of history are now the highest officials of the country.
    2. 0
      28 September 2017 19: 26
      Quote: rotmistr60
      with casting mythical figures.

      You can always bring specific stories of innocently convicted and after rehabilitated (but not all survived) - do you feel better?
  6. +23
    28 September 2017 08: 11
    "The whole country was sitting, everyone was walking in formation!" And who then worked, built, invented? ..... It’s better that "the whole country was sitting" than the whole country was jumping ... with a pan on his head!
    1. +2
      28 September 2017 19: 11
      Invented Tupolev and Korolev ... sitting in sharashka!
  7. +7
    28 September 2017 08: 20
    Let's face it.
    ... But we don’t understand ... We turn history as we want ...
    1. +1
      28 September 2017 18: 15
      And who will understand? You read the comments ... "tell me what you write, and I will tell you about your polystyrene." Most here and elsewhere there is simply nothing to understand. Yes and no reason. This article is the limit of their thesaurus. And for those who have what the salary and level of secrecy does not allow. So what are you talking about?
  8. +4
    28 September 2017 09: 07
    I read all the comms for a long time, who are you to object to? EVERYONE HAS MEMORY OF WESTS HAS MORE RIGHTS THAN DR IN THE CPSU ON THE QUESTION OF THE IDEOLOGY "WHERE AND WHERE WE GO"
    “This includes the peak years - 1937-1938. If we take all the data before 1953, we will receive 4 million 60 thousand 315 people convicted - of which 799 thousand 455 people were sentenced to death. Yes, indeed, 1937 -1938 - terrible years, because arrests and executions took two more years, "

    March 23, 1989 the first elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
    Father says: you need to ask your grandfather about repression.
    - He's not the boss in appearance.
    - Grandfather served in the prosecutor's office.
    And the grandfather had his 28th birthday. We arrived, presented shoes, sat down at the table. grandfather drank a stack over his 80th birthday ("the head will make a noise anyway").
    I remind my father: you need to ask about repression.
    Father asks the question "Have you participated?"
    -not
    -And who, how, when. why?
    - This is who wanted to curry favor. 23
    And he went to drink the pill "from the head."
    The pig will find dirt. and what did the man seek, how did he live ?.
    In 2015, I asked my aunt, 1933: what was said about my grandfather?
    - Nothing bad, but my childhood friend Kolya (her husband) was taken away from his father, the chairman of the collective farm, and no one knows where.
    These are the pies with kittens for Memorial.
    Who wanted to build socialism, built, who wanted to hang-hang, drown kittens, drowned and strangled (according to Bulgakov).


    in December 36 g, my grandfather quit the army, and in January 37 g, according to the party recruitment, he was drafted into the prosecutor's office.
    1. +6
      28 September 2017 09: 19
      How do Vlasovites and Bandera agree with you - why are they? PySy - if they do not understand, they also enter those 4 million ...
      1. 0
        28 September 2017 09: 21
        in quotation marks 4 million --- FROM ARTICLE. NOT MY TURN OUT
        1. +5
          28 September 2017 09: 27
          Well, how did they not want to build "socialism" in quotation marks or not? This was to the effect that there were innocently killed, but far from 4 million, but many times less ... and who did it themselves and then paid the same to them number ("victims") is included ..
          1. +4
            28 September 2017 09: 30
            apparently there were more. the friend’s father, the collective farm chairman, was most likely “missing”
            BUT, THE MAIN THING - ENEMIES AT THE END OF THE 80-HGG LIEED US ABOUT STALIN (IN THE IDR SPIRIT) AND SOCIALISM
            1. +4
              28 September 2017 09: 35
              They still lie ... My great-grandfather was repressed - to death ... Well, then the initiator, too, but later - after "Vertigo from success" ... Great-grandfather was for people, "initiator" for indicators (socialism built, but on paper) ..
  9. +17
    28 September 2017 09: 12
    A friend was in the rehabilitation commission ... granddaughter brought a statement to grandfather, such as he was innocent ... and they began to look ... a big fanatic of grandfather was ... he killed everyone he killed in different ways ... granddaughter when the photos from the case showed I didn’t reach the toilet ...
    1. MrK
      +16
      28 September 2017 11: 12
      Quote: Vard
      granddaughter when the photos from the case showed, did not reach the toilet ...


      I agree. I will supplement it. Pulled from the open spaces.
      Vladimir Startsev, senior assistant to the prosecutor of the Leningrad region, says:
      “I used to help 4 acquaintances who also had“ someone repressed ”in their family to look for information about them.
      As a result, it turned out that one grandma sat not because “she was the daughter of a tsar’s officer”, but because, as an accountant at the factory, she took money from the factory cashier and bought herself a fur coat.
      Another grandfather sat not “for a joke about Stalin,” but for participating in a gang rape.
      The third grandfather turned not a “peasant dispossessed for anything”, but a recidivist who received a tower for the murder of an entire family (father, mother, and two teenagers).
      Only one grandfather was repressed, but again not "for a joke about Stalin, but for the fact that during the war he was a policeman and worked for the Germans."
      1. +2
        28 September 2017 13: 08
        And what follows from this? What are these 4 friends sat down to business. But this does not say anything about the rest of the repressed.
        1. +16
          28 September 2017 13: 11
          Quote: Scalpel
          And what follows from this?

          It follows that the descendants of these 4 scream loudest about innocence, and while listening to them, you are trying to convince yourself and others that the repressions were rampant.
          1. +3
            28 September 2017 18: 51
            Again speculation. I also have repressed peasants in the family, ordinary peasants who worked hard and wanted to feed drunkards and loafers. I don’t really shout that it does not cancel the facts. And you won’t wash off Stalin, just as you don’t try, because there were many such people and they were not enemies.
            1. +5
              28 September 2017 21: 12
              But have you familiarized yourself with the affairs? If you are a relative, you are obliged to provide them for familiarization. Only it may not be worth you to know why and how you were repressed.
              1. +1
                2 October 2017 13: 23
                I got acquainted. They were rehabilitated in the 80s, then circumstances became known: who said what and who denounced.
        2. MrK
          +2
          29 September 2017 14: 35
          Quote: Scalpel
          But this does not say anything about the rest of the repressed.

          Even the analytical center of the CIA "Rand Corporation", based on demographic data and archival documents, calculated the number of repressed in the Stalin era. This center claims that the share of those sentenced to an article under the political 58-th article is not more than a quarter of cases. By the way, the same proportion was observed among prisoners in labor camps.
          What the opponents of Stalin are still not talking about is the rehabilitation of innocent victims. Immediately the January Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of 1938 began to review criminal cases and release them from the camps. It was released: in 1938-39 years - 330 thousand, in 1940 - 180 thousand, until June 1941 another 65 thousand people.
          And about the causes of the repressions, guilty and not guilty, read: "Stalinist repressions of the 30's. Are you sure they are Stalinist?"
          Alexander Kurlandchik. http://www.proza.ru/2017/06/13/60
  10. +24
    28 September 2017 09: 18
    Let's try to be objective: here it is, Stalin ... here is what he created - and by us! - THE USSR!
    ------------------------
    And objectively: Stalin is a simple, plain boots, a simple genius, a nugget! Having been engaged in self-education all his life, by the way ... What can not be said about the vast majority of modern leaders and leaders of our time - these simply do not survive; modern civilization has developed quite effective means of "dichlorvos" against them ...
    It became fashionable to pour slop at that time: here you have cutters, corned beef, and modern cinema with "teachers" and more ... The repressions and the "300 million" victims are primarily blamed.
    I believe that no one needs to prove that repressions are bad ... and the repressions are unequivocally condemned back in 1957 by the participant and initiator of these repressions, on the proposals of which the tyrant and the executioner of peoples imposed the resolution “Get down,!” quite a few years ago, by resolutions of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.
    The main arguments, as usual, are repression and huge sacrifices in the Great Patriotic War. And here - if there weren’t them, these repressions and victims? What would happen - without the "subjunctive mood", well, we don’t need to tilt the story - it was ALREADY for us; and we all reap its benefits! ...
    So, the war ... "ordinary" war ... Well, they won ... Well, they lost ... Is the victory worth such sacrifices? As the Echo of Moscow asked there: “Maybe it was necessary to pass Leningrad?” Maybe they would have drunk Bavarian at all?
    Himmler answers: “The fate of the conquered peoples excites me insofar as we need them as labor. “Whether the rest live or die of hunger, I don’t care ...”
    Goering answers: “I intend to rob and it is effective. Everything that may be suitable for the Germans in the East must be immediately extracted and delivered to Germany ”
    Reichenau answers: “Catering to locals and prisoners of war is unnecessary humanity”
    In more detail - to the now accessible composition “Mein Kampf”, chapter 14 of the second part: - "Orientation"- everything is spelled out there!
    It was not just a war, but a genocide war; it was all about the destruction of Russian as a nation! This was German state policy and practice.
    And the Russian nation escaped total annihilation ONLY ONLY because the “executioner and tyrant of peoples” managed to hold before the war accelerated industrialization[/ i] and because people imbued with ideas[I] this "tyrant" and voluntarily made those great sacrifices that today are blamed on him. And during the repressions - yes, the victims! ... but - they destroyed first of all those who opposed accelerated industrialization. And at the front - they were dying, but they did not give up, which amazed the Wehrmacht, accustomed to the fact that in hopeless situations the enemy surrenders. Dying of hunger in besieged Leningrad, but did not surrender the city in exchange for bread and life. The people, imbued with the ideas of Stalin, sacrificed themselves, but saved the Russian Nation, saved themselves!
    Is this price high? Is it excessive? ... And what price will be fair? What price of salvation of these two hundred million people do the “fighters with Stalin” consider acceptable?
    --------------------------------------
    Got a definition:
    - Stalinism is a system for implementing the concept of a fair structure of society according to the ideology of Bolshevism, implemented by Stalin and his associates. It is based on the following: the goal of building just a just society (and not a "crowd-elite"); the need to build such a society by the forces of people who for centuries have lived in just a "crowd-elite" society; lack of the theory of Bolshevism (which was already mentioned); the need to operate with the concepts of the ideology of Marxism, which opposes Bolshevism (both due to the lack of one's own theory, and because of the need to mislead enemies); opposition to enemies, external and internal; the need to build communism / socialism first, i.e. lack of any experience.
    - Stalinism is a system that was born in specific historical conditions and designed specifically for them, but can be applied in other similar historical conditions (with necessary adjustments). In other words, Stalinism (in the broad sense) is intended to build a society of social justice in a separate country in a world dominated by "crowd-elitism."
    https://www.planet-kob.ru/articles/3402
    1. +13
      28 September 2017 11: 14
      Quote: CONTROL
      Is this price high? Is it excessive? ... And what price will be fair? What price of salvation of these two hundred million people do the “fighters with Stalin” consider acceptable?

      They perfectly formulated their answer to the haters of Stalin and the USSR in general. Thank you.
  11. +4
    28 September 2017 09: 49
    I liked the article.
    The article asks that the adoption of the Constitution could become a catalyst for great terror. The catalyst that prompted Stalin to launch repressions, in my opinion, could be an all-Union population census (January 1937), when at the insistence of Stalin himself the census was introduced the question "On attitude to religion" The results were unbelievable (for the authorities): 42% - Orthodox, 42% - non-believers, 16% - declined to answer, or other faiths.
    That is, in a godless state, with real anti-church terror, people were not afraid to declare their faith.
    1. +13
      28 September 2017 10: 14
      I want to remind you that when the mandatory prayer service was canceled, the attendance of this procedure dropped to 16 percent. And this was not with the Bolsheviks ...
      1. +2
        28 September 2017 10: 19
        It is possible, but this does not apply to the 1937 census.
        1. +7
          28 September 2017 11: 15
          Quote: bober1982
          Such a catalyst that prompted Stalin to launch repressions, in my opinion, could be the All-Union population census (January 1937), when, at the insistence of Stalin himself, the question "About Religion" was introduced into the census questions. The results were incredible (for the authorities): 42 % - Orthodox, 42% - non-believers, 16% - declined to answer, or other faiths.
          That is, in a godless state, with real anti-church terror, people were not afraid to declare their faith.

          What kind of pearl is this? And what did it have to do with reality?
          Why are you always lying and distorting?
          1. +4
            28 September 2017 11: 22
            Quote: Pancir026
            And what did he have to do with reality?

            You are mistaken when the war started, the authorities had to reckon with the religiosity of the people, in June 1941 the vile magazine "Atheist" was closed, the famous appeal of Stalin - Brothers and sisters ,and much more.
            1. +7
              28 September 2017 12: 05
              Quote: bober1982
              You are mistaken when the war started,

              To be mistaken, it’s not my prerogative, but yours, and what I have to do with it is that I insisted directly on the blackest hatred of the USSR and Stalin in particular.
              1. I.V. Stalin “Issues of Leninism”: “The party cannot be neutral with regard to religious prejudices, and it will conduct propaganda against these religious prejudices, because this is one of the sure means to undermine the influence of the reactionary clergy who support the exploiting classes and preaching obedience to these classes. "

              2. IV Stalin “Conversation with the first American workers' organization”: “The party cannot be neutral with regard to religion and it conducts anti-religious propaganda against all and all religious prejudices, because it stands for science, and religious prejudices go against science because all religion is the opposite of science. "
              1. +2
                28 September 2017 12: 19
                So, after all, I said the same thing about the atheistic state and anti-church terror.
                Quote: Pancir026
                I.V. Stalin “Conversation with the first American workers' organization”:

                What was to be said to these American comrades? not to call the temple to the service.
                Quote: Pancir026
                because it stands for science, and religious prejudices go against science, for all religion is something opposite to science. ”

                It was he, Stalin, who said too cleverly, he was clearly too clever. When in 1941 the situation became critical, they immediately remembered the Church, and probably forgot what he said to the Americans.
                1. +8
                  28 September 2017 12: 26
                  Quote: bober1982
                  It was he, Stalin, who said too abstrusely, he was clearly too clever.

                  Well, not everyone is given to you in particular to understand what Stalin said, and to all this, you say in plain white that it is black and vice versa.
                  Quote: bober1982
                  When the situation became critical in 1941, they immediately remembered the Church, and probably forgot what it said to the Americans.

                  And this is a lie. War is not a matter of underestimates, you are in principle unintelligible. Why so. And I don’t intend to read for illiterate students.
                  Go to school. It is advisable with teachers not to be an arabzat a la Fursenko-Svanidze.
                  "No. 1037/19

                  September 12, 1933 to Comrade Menzhinsky V.R. 12.09.1933/XNUMX/XNUMX

                  In the period from 1920 to 1930, 150 churches were completely destroyed in Moscow and in the surrounding areas. 300 of them (the remaining) were converted into factory shops, clubs, dormitories, prisons, isolation wards and colonies for adolescents and street children.

                  Architectural development plans include the demolition of more than 500 remaining structures of churches and churches.

                  Based on the foregoing, the Central Committee considers it impossible to design buildings due to the destruction of temples and churches, which should be considered architectural monuments of ancient Russian architecture.

                  The organs of Soviet power and the workers 'and peasants' police of the OGPU are obliged to take measures (up to disciplinary and party responsibility) to protect the architectural monuments of ancient Russian architecture. "
                  All clear?
                  1) To recognize the practice of the NKVD bodies of the USSR as regards the arrests of ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church and the persecution of believers as inappropriate.
                  2) The instruction of comrade Ulyanov (Lenin) of May 1, 1919 for N13666 - 2 "On the fight against priests and religion", addressed to before. Cheka to comrade Dzerzhinsky, and all relevant instructions of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD regarding the persecution of ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church and Orthodox believers - to cancel.
                  3) The NKVD to conduct an audit of convicted and arrested citizens in cases related to worship. Release from custody and replace the punishment with non-custodial sentences for convicted persons for the indicated reasons, if the activities of these citizens did not harm the Soviet regime.
                  4) The question of the fate of believers in custody and in prisons belonging to other faiths will be decided further by the Central Committee.

                  Secretary of the Central Committee I. Stalin
                  EXTRACT FROM THE N98 PROTOCOL OF THE SESSION OF THE POLITICAL Bureau of the Central Committee FROM 11.11.1939
                  Decision of November 11, 1939 Religious Issues.

                  What's not clear?
                  "SPEECH BY THE HOLY PATRIARCH OF MOSCOW AND ALL RUSSIA, ALEXY BEFORE THE FUNERALITIES ON IV STALIN IN THE PATRIARCH CATHEDRAL ON HIS FUNERAL DAY (9.03.1953)

                  The Great Leader of our people, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, was gone. The great, moral, social power was abolished: the power in which our people felt their own power, which he guided in his creative works and enterprises, which he consoled for many years. There is no region where the deep gaze of the great Leader does not penetrate. People of science were amazed at his deep scientific knowledge in the most diverse fields, his brilliant scientific generalizations; the military - his military genius; people of all kinds of labor invariably received powerful support and valuable guidance from him. As a man of genius, in every business he discovered what was invisible and inaccessible to the ordinary mind ... "
                  What is not clear to you here?
                  1. +2
                    28 September 2017 12: 35
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    The instruction of comrade Ulyanov (Lenin) of May 1, 1919 for N13666 - 2 "On the fight against priests and religion", addressed to before. Cheka to comrade Dzerzhinsky, and all relevant instructions of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD regarding the persecution of ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church and Orthodox believers - to cancel.

                    It turned out to be Trotskyist, Ulyanov (Lenin), so what happens?
                    1. +7
                      28 September 2017 12: 44
                      Quote: bober1982
                      It turned out to be Trotskyist, Ulyanov (Lenin), so what happens?

                      Once again, pull the owl onto the globe, signing up for your complete historical illiteracy.
                      You do not understand what Stalin said?
                      So in this case, you don’t tell Trotsky’s fairy tales, likening yourself to Trotsky, who spent his entire evil life to pretend to be Lenin’s comrade-in-arms not once.
                      1. +3
                        28 September 2017 12: 49
                        Quote: Pancir026
                        I spent my entire ill-fated life on pretending to be a comrade-in-arms of Lenin without even being one.

                        But I liked it, you can even write in aphorisms, or tell from the stage. Good luck to you, and that life would not be misleading.
                2. +5
                  28 September 2017 12: 50
                  I just advise you to see how many churches were opened since 1920, for example, those who conducted anti-Soviet activities were attracted by the law. Those who didn’t get into their own business didn’t touch those. Were mistaken repressions? yes there were. but not in mass They want to submit. And by the way, who allowed them to be punished, it’s the same all. Nobody hides anything. If someone thinks that there are countries where there are no judicial errors, let them call me such.
                  1. +3
                    28 September 2017 15: 25
                    Quote: long in stock.
                    . were erroneous repressions? yes there were. but not massively

                    The "mass" repressions were created by the repressed themselves!
                    There were Trotskyists, Zinovievites-Martovites ... and others; not to mention the White Guard underground dream of a coup. Here such a strategy was chosen (popular and still): here, then, they “take” a clear and undeniable konrik, an enemy of the people ... And he gives testimony - “merges” everyone he knows, saw or was once familiar with! on business and without work - more often "without ..."! The NKVD was simply choked with so many "contra"; not every security officer had an understanding that he was led by the nose, they were lying to him! They took people, and - after all, everyone needs to be checked: hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands! And 15-20% of them still create the same “recognition”!
                    ... and so thousands of innocent people suffered ...
            2. +3
              28 September 2017 12: 45
              Well, brothers and sisters, how can I attribute this to religion? It's still different.
        2. +2
          28 September 2017 12: 44
          no. for that is related to the number of believers in the census ..
    2. MrK
      +1
      29 September 2017 01: 35
      Quote: bober1982
      That is, in a godless state, with real anti-church terror, people were not afraid to declare their faith.

      Or maybe there was no godless state.
    3. MrK
      +1
      29 September 2017 14: 44
      Quote: bober1982
      pushed Stalin to launch repression, in my opinion, there could be an all-Union population census

      Your opinion is wrong. For the NKVD received reports from places that mullahs in the Muslim regions of the USSR, Orthodox priests and others in their sermons urged believers to go to vote for the new Constitution.
      I read somewhere that when Stalin was informed about this and said that we would have the entire USSR Armed Forces from the priests, he replied that priests were better than the current illiterate revolutionaries.
  12. ogi
    +3
    28 September 2017 10: 37
    Quote: Elena Kiryakova
    "The whole country was sitting ?!"

    In the period of "socialism" of all kinds, from December 1927 to December 1991, of course. It’s just that the detention regime in the zones was tougher than in the wild. And under different "socialisms" he was also slightly different. But "sat" one way or another all. Because they were the property of the regime.
    It is paradoxical that some already released would like to "sit" on. They resemble the footman Artyukhov (Egorich) from "On the poor hussar, put in a word." He also categorically did not want a "free."
    1. +6
      28 September 2017 11: 16
      Quote: ogi
      It is paradoxical that some already released would like to "sit" on.

      So you should have sat and not leaned out with your unimaginably foolish comments.
      1. ogi
        +2
        28 September 2017 11: 46
        Quote: Pancir026
        So you should have sat and not leaned out with your unimaginably foolish comments.

        Hello, Yegorych.
        I'm not happy with you.
        1. +7
          28 September 2017 12: 27
          Quote: ogi
          I'm not happy with you.

          Once again, about the carabiner-vintage patrons tell a tale, as well as about strategic-operational tanks, we will all be happy.
      2. +1
        28 September 2017 18: 23
        Your dreams of like-mindedness are simply ridiculous. And who would impose them, by the way? You with us, actually, who? With whom, as they said before, have the honor?
  13. +6
    28 September 2017 11: 01
    Good article!
  14. +4
    28 September 2017 11: 10
    It’s bad when experts study history, form politicians, crooks write textbooks, at the next change of power, and businessmen publish!
    And then, claims to schoolchildren and students, - “Announce the lad, what do you know from the history of Russia, according to the author Pisyulkin, published in ....”!
  15. +5
    28 September 2017 12: 28
    Very weak article. The article actually whitewashes repression. Raise your hand who believes that Blucher was a Japanese spy and Tukhachevsky German. Repression was precisely revenge on the losing political groups. And the sentences as well as the evidence base were sucked out of the finger. And who proved that Budyonny was a better commander than Egorov. He was just for the winner. And this is not all about repression. And hunger claimed millions of lives. And by the way, 800 thousand death sentences is very, very much. This is the population of a large city.
    1. +7
      28 September 2017 12: 38
      Quote: Ken71
      Very weak article.

      Yeah, so you have no arguments, and there is a set of stamped curses as well as a set of fakes like this "true story about executions"
      Note that some links no longer work.
      We find an article by I. Garkavoy and L. A. Golovkova, members of the editorial board: “Butovo training ground in the past and present”
      We read.

      Absolutely without reference to some of the smallest source the reader is introduced into the subject:
      “In the mid-1930s. in anticipation of the mass executions, the NKVD Economic Department was concerned about finding places for burials. Near Moscow there were three such objects: in the area of ​​the village of Butovo, ...
      Local residents were informed that training firing would be carried out near their villages. After the infamous order of N. I. Ezhov No. 00447 of July 30, 1937, mass executions began here. In total, from August 8, 1937 to October 19, 1938, 20761 people were killed at the training ground. The first execution on these orders was carried out here on August 8, 1937. That day, 91 people were killed. ”
      And off and on: how executions were carried out, how the executed were brought, when, on what, accompanied by whom, etc. It is interesting, but there are no sources. From the word AT ALL.
      https://cont.ws/@kgb/726825
      1. +5
        28 September 2017 12: 53
        Firstly, I did not swear. And I didn’t stick labels. And you probably just could not read the arguments. But you can try again. 1) 800000 executed in peacetime in Europe is an overwhelming amount. I do not see analogs. You can try to dissuade me. 2) Spy charges are sucked out of the finger. You can try to prove that the ones I listed were really spies. 3) So repression was a commonplace method of political struggle. Or even revenge. And not the best survived, but loyal to Stalin. You can try to prove the opposite. 4) and finally hunger. This is an indicator of the professionalism of the country's leadership.
        1. +6
          28 September 2017 13: 17
          Quote: Ken71
          1) 800000 executed in peacetime in Europe is an overwhelming amount.

          What are you, like that, right? Well, you’re analogous to Vapfolomeev’s night. Before the Cromwell massacre with the genocide of the Indians without trial.
          there are also repressions against Americans of Japanese descent, but Germans in England, the same subjects of the Crown, but with at least half German blood.
          Quote: Ken71
          Spy charges sucked out of the finger.

          But what are you saying, right there? And how often do you use this technique?
          Quote: Ken71
          So repression was a commonplace method of political struggle.

          These are your idle conjectures. And they in the historical aspect, mean nothing.
          Quote: Ken71
          and finally hunger. This is an indicator of the professionalism of the country's leadership.

          Tsar Nicholas II, was completely hopeless .. every two years a hunger ..
          1. +5
            28 September 2017 13: 31
            So then the Bolsheviks fought against tsarism. As if for a national happiness. Or I don’t understand something.
            1. +4
              28 September 2017 13: 55
              Quote: Ken71
              So then the Bolsheviks fought against tsarism. As if for a national happiness. Or I don’t understand something.

              Do you understand at least something?
          2. +5
            28 September 2017 13: 45
            In short, you seem to be unable to read. I write in court you are without trial. Well, damn it, thanks. They compared Stalin with a medieval religious little man. However, your reservation on Freud. And by the way, recall how many Japanese Americans during the war settled in camps in decent conditions, by the way, and then by the way released. Stalin had more fun. As for the rest, you did not answer. Re-label.
            1. +5
              28 September 2017 13: 57
              Quote: Ken71
              I write in court you are without trial. Well, damn it, thanks.

              Do you understand what you’re writing about?
              Quote: Ken71
              They compared Stalin with a medieval religious little man.
              "Is that your pearl? So what did you want to say?"

              Quote: Ken71
              And by the way, recall how many Japanese Americans during the war settled in camps in decent conditions, by the way, and then by the way released.

              Oh well ... and even apologized ... in 70 years?
              Quote: Ken71
              As for the rest, you did not answer

              They answered you, but you did not understand, because of your inability to understand what was written.
              1. +3
                28 September 2017 14: 30
                You compared Stalin with medieval religious maniacs when you remembered Bartholomew’s night. About the Japanese you leaked the topic. And they did not answer all my other arguments in the case. You are a sad example of a person who can only talk with quotes. If there are no quotes, you write nonsense or insults. You are not interesting for me.
                1. +3
                  28 September 2017 15: 40
                  Me? Or did you show blatant illiteracy. Yelling about "historical counterparts"?
                  Quote: Ken71
                  About the Japanese you leaked the topic.

                  You where you have poured, including the Japanese. I am not interested in her.
                  Quote: Ken71
                  You are a sad example of a person who can only talk with quotes.

                  However, a quote makes sense for those who perceive what is written, understands what is written and assimilates what is written. In the other case, one who is unable to even absorb the quote is a priori illiterate.
                  Quote: Ken71
                  You are not interesting for me.

                  And how curious you are when you write frank blunders ...
                  1. +4
                    28 September 2017 16: 15
                    You apply quotes without regard to the letter to which you are responding. Not even very close in meaning. And not only now. You are not trying to answer the theses of the letter to which you oppose. And not only now. You easily reject your refuted theses such as Japanese or religious persecution. Why do you climb to discuss if you do not participate in the discussion, do not refute and do not put forward your arguments. Write articles there your overquoting is more applicable.
            2. ogi
              +1
              28 September 2017 17: 51
              Quote: Ken71
              They compared Stalin with a medieval religious little man.

              No, Dzhugashvili was not a religious or pseudo-religious maniac. The highest dignitaries of the USSR were not them. They were breeders, raised and cultivated pseudo-religious zombies. Officially, it was called "a new type of man, a Soviet man." And I must say, by such selection, and repression in the USSR (just like the Second World War) is a large-scale selection work, they raised a fair amount of Soviet people.
    2. +8
      28 September 2017 13: 39
      About hunger - did Stalin personally organize it too, or maybe in those years there was a crop failure all over the world? So, the inhabitants of western Ukraine publicly accuse Stalin of the "famine" of 34-37 years, but don’t you recall when they were joined to the USSR? And how many farmers died of starvation in the USA at the same time? For some reason, all the photos of supposedly "victims of the famine" are photos of American farmers. On death sentences - let's compare the number of death sentences in the same period in other countries - the USA, England, France, Germany, Poland, you will see that there the percentages will be the same, but in the USA and Germany even more, then this was the time, stole -Killed-raped-shot or hanged, not like now.
      1. +2
        28 September 2017 14: 36
        About the famine in the United States during the Depression, this is a fake. Just look at Wiki. About the fact that the famine in the USSR is not in doubt. Famine has affected many areas, which implies the guilt of senior management. In peacetime death sentences in peacetime, I do not know where there was a comparable percentage for pre-war Europe. Obligatory if you specify a link.
      2. +1
        28 September 2017 18: 31
        Soviet propaganda cannot be trusted in anything! Open the newspaper Pravda - an organ of the Central Committee of the VeKePeBe and read that in 41-43 years hunger reigned in Germany, margarine from oil, and people eat whale meat !!!
        Then the same newspaper 44-45. As our units entered Germany, and the Germans were bursting with apartments from French cognacs, salami, Strasbourg pastes, Ukrainian lard ... The question is, at 41-43 they were starving, but at 44-45 it all came from somewhere? For fools it was calculated !!! And it’s easy to check: he came to the regional library and asked for the newspaper Pravda and read ... Now the question is: which of the local couch specialists will raise the fifth point and go check? I'm sure no one!
        1. +2
          28 September 2017 21: 14
          Vyacheslav, and which newspapers of that period, yes, and can you believe in modern ones? Here recently a minister was shot from the anti-aircraft gun ..
        2. +1
          29 September 2017 00: 17
          You won’t believe it - I checked it. The truth is only 41-43. This is almost true in Pravda. Reception of dramatization of the situation takes place, but there is no naked lies.
  16. +3
    28 September 2017 12: 37
    The extent of the rehabilitation makes one doubt whether a court session was held at all in these cases?
    That is, as they planted, for frequent, to the company, and rehabilitated ... Something like that, we have everything from one extreme to the other.
  17. +3
    28 September 2017 13: 03
    I just knew one person who was almost planted. the truth was a little different, 1943. so I had a neighbor, uncle Vanya, the kingdom of heaven to him. In 43 g, he was 12 years old and put him on a collective farm as an accountant, he was literate because. you know, it’s very hungry. you’ve taken pity on the women and gave a bag of flour, otherwise the children were swollen from hunger, so the one who was in his place used to knock at the police. and now the repressive bodies acted, the district police called the chairman and said that Vanka would arrive pick-up, and he himself had to pick it up. Chairman Vanka’s teeth pass and says, run away. Vanka’s escape to the village of Borskoye — who knows where it is from Samara. He began to work at the mill, then he stayed in the city, and now figure out who is right here and how right. I think this case is not unique at all and there were a lot of such vanes in the country.
    1. 0
      28 September 2017 13: 14
      And my grandmother after the war was arrested and blurted something out of the case. Yes, and rootless cosmopolitan. Grandfather went to the prosecutor who fortunately fought in that army and where is his grandmother. How to say a fellow soldier. I figured it out. They let go. And grandfather himself, by the way, fled from collectivization, or rather his father. He even changed his last name.
      1. +5
        28 September 2017 13: 16
        Well, they released the same. Won in France for 7 years they gave ... democracy.
        1. 0
          28 September 2017 16: 17
          They released him because the prosecutor turned out to be a fellow soldier.
        2. 0
          28 September 2017 19: 33
          Quote: Long in stock.
          and over in France for 7 years gave ... democracy.

          In Russia, for Pokémon and a picture with symbols, they were given back from three years too ... democracy is in the air
    2. +1
      28 September 2017 19: 37
      A lot of Belarusians were sent to the camps, you read things and all as one "evil urge", such as employees of the Belarusian State Publishing House, of the 7 repressed, only one returned Mark Zhitnitsky.
      After 20 years, they rehabilitated, but now it didn’t matter to them by the way. .
  18. +5
    28 September 2017 13: 32
    According to anti-Stalinists, Stalin himself repressed and defeated everyone - Germans and their satellites, the peoples of the USSR, peasants, workers, intellectuals, the Bolshevik party, the Chinese (formation of the PRC), the USA (in Korea), nuclear weapons created and so on.
    If this is true, only the gentlemen themselves could do this, or at least the synod of God.
  19. +3
    28 September 2017 13: 52
    Quote: long in stock.
    I just knew one person who was almost planted. the truth was a little different, 1943. so I had a neighbor, uncle Vanya, the kingdom of heaven to him. In 43 g, he was 12 years old and put him on a collective farm as an accountant, he was literate because. you know, it’s very hungry. you’ve taken pity on the women and gave a bag of flour, otherwise the children were swollen from hunger, so the one who was in his place used to knock at the police. and now the repressive bodies acted, the district police called the chairman and said that Vanka would arrive pick-up, and he himself had to pick it up. Chairman Vanka’s teeth pass and says, run away. Vanka’s escape to the village of Borskoye — who knows where it is from Samara. He began to work at the mill, then he stayed in the city, and now figure out who is right here and how right. I think this case is not unique at all and there were a lot of such vanes in the country.

    Something seems to be breached by someone, either you or this Vanka, because at the age of 12 and an accountant and even with a passport), the boy was rather eager for the sons of the regiment to the front, but they caught him in Samara, there were a lot of them then.
    1. 0
      28 September 2017 14: 30
      into the war? easily. even the collective farm chairmen were 13 years old. there is such a fact. why should he lie to me, he was old, at that age they don’t lie already ..
  20. +3
    28 September 2017 14: 03
    Of the total number of convicts (out of 2 million 944 thousand 879 people), 745 thousand 220 people were sentenced to the highest degree. This includes the peak years - 1937-1938. If we take all the data before 1953, we will receive 4 million 60 thousand 315 people convicted - of which 799 thousand 455 people were sentenced to death. Yes, indeed, 1937-1938 are terrible years, because there were more arrests and executions for two years than for all the others from 1921 to 1953,

    750-800 thousand people sentenced to a suspended sentence, of which 90% in 1937-38, this is taken from the certificate prepared on the instructions of Khrushchev to expose Stalin to the party. So many people sentenced to VMN in just two years are far from the total number of convicts and the number of people who have been sent to places of detention. Several hundred thousand were sentenced to VMN, but they remained alive and ended up in camps and colonies.
  21. +6
    28 September 2017 16: 19
    Little Stalin in the 30s destroyed all scum! Oh, little ...
    If he had done everything as he should, now in Yekaterinburg everything would have been calm. There would be no gatherings of all the heirs of those shortcomings whom Stalin had not touched ...
    Comrade Stalin was a humanist ... This is bad.
    1. 0
      1 October 2017 23: 30
      Yes, it's a pity that not 37th!
  22. +16
    28 September 2017 16: 26
    And if she didn’t sit, can everything else be ahead of the country? laughing
    Who knows...
  23. +6
    28 September 2017 16: 31
    I do not recognize the fact of political repression. There were none of them. It was bringing to life some categories of citizens. This is primarily an analogue of the current "shaking hands of intelligence", effective managers of all levels and creative "intelligence". In short, they brought up those who used to live at ease at the expense of a working person. Plus Russophobia and Westophile. Thanks to these very important and timely measures, we won the Second World War, rebuilt the country from ruin and lived well for another 20-30 years. Unfortunately, the above categories of citizens recover their number very quickly. And nobody began to conduct a second purge of the nation in the mid-70s. So they got the collapse of the USSR.
    And the most important thing in the aforementioned - if we do not carry out a similar purge in 37 now, then we will lose Russia.
  24. +2
    28 September 2017 18: 08
    Quote: Pancir026
    Thanks to you, former party apparatchiks, have you forgotten who you were and what you were in charge of?

    And you fought in the 91st on the barricades and now scribble your diarrhea from the dugout of the partisan detachment "Back to the USSR!", Right? Or also work for the glory of the "anti-people regime" and he gives you money for your work? It is not good for a dog to bark at the hand that feeds it. Dogs are beaten for this! And to the point - I have never been in charge of anything. Have a bite!
  25. +3
    28 September 2017 18: 12
    Quote: Pancir026
    Where did you get it. Ali Soros invented it yourself, your sponsor decided to write it for you?

    If we could compete, then we would live in the USSR now!
  26. +1
    28 September 2017 18: 25
    Quote: VadimSt
    It’s bad when specialists study history

    And who should - commentators from VO or cattle from the village of Big Heels?
  27. +1
    28 September 2017 18: 50
    Quote: Pancir026
    Where did you get this. Ali Soros invented it yourself, your sponsor decided to write it for you?

    Yes it is he, Soros! You know that in spite of all the efforts of the FSB and the tax authorities, Soros constantly supplies me with large sums (you never dreamed of such salaries!) In the currency that I go to European castles and museums to, and also drink Czech beer. And in any way, nobody succeeds ... to stop. So you know, it turns out, but you can’t do anything. So ... You, of course, now write that now, they say, someday ... people ... and I will regret it. And I will answer you - and fie to all these words!
  28. +1
    28 September 2017 18: 54
    Quote: shark
    if we don’t carry out a similar cleaning in 37 now

    And who will conduct it today? Antiresno, to the horror to find out. In advance, to hide ... or to Colombia to flee. There is no need for a visa ...
    1. +1
      28 September 2017 21: 16
      do not need to Colombia ... there you may seem 37 paradise ...
  29. +1
    28 September 2017 21: 44
    On the other hand, there are various kinds of social problems and contradictions that threaten not only the future of the NEP, but also the very existence of the USSR. That is the root of the abolition of the NEP, and not that the "evil Stalin" was suddenly tired of this whole thing, and [the USSR authorities] decided to cover up the matter, as it is written in our textbooks.

    Unfortunately, some historians prefer to remain silent about some things. For example, grain prices in the world market tend to rise and fall. This happened in 1925. which unbalanced the state system. procurement. Elevators for storage were not built, but in vain. In addition, another serious problem was drawn. Fists had sufficient market (or market) knowledge. And they well understood when and what to buy, and when and at what price to sell. The peasants who received land from the Soviet regime did not have such knowledge, so many people sold grain to speculators for nothing often bringing their households to a white knee. There was no one to resolve these distortions at the state level, for example, by allocating subsidies for the future crop. Ah Vladimir Ilyich, you left early, early. But to shoot and hang the mind a lot is not necessary.
    There was nothing surprising in the fact that repressions were allowed. The country survived a severe civil war, which was accompanied by mutual bitterness and bitterness. After the war, it was necessary to start building, but many leaders continued to move by inertia. The "witch hunt" at the state level mobilizes morally minded people as a rule. The result is known to all.
  30. 0
    29 September 2017 01: 36
    I just say: Korolev. Tell me stupid on what "concepts" or for what crime the inventor of ROCKET was in prison? Or is it also fiction and his own records are falsification?
  31. +1
    29 September 2017 01: 40
    Quote: shark
    I do not recognize the fact of political repression. There were none of them. It was bringing to life some categories of citizens. This is primarily an analogue of the current "shaking hands of intelligence", effective managers of all levels and creative "intelligence". In short, they brought up those who used to live at ease at the expense of a working person. Plus Russophobia and Westophile. Thanks to these very important and timely measures, we won the Second World War, rebuilt the country from ruin and lived well for another 20-30 years. Unfortunately, the above categories of citizens recover their number very quickly. And nobody began to conduct a second purge of the nation in the mid-70s. So they got the collapse of the USSR.
    And the most important thing in the aforementioned - if we do not carry out a similar purge in 37 now, then we will lose Russia.

    Korolev was also a manager?
  32. +4
    29 September 2017 13: 18
    Another "trend" on the subject of repression, but according to the calculations of the "liberals", Stalin and the NKVD destroyed the entire adult population of the USSR, and who then broke the ridge of the fascist beast? And after all these false historical nonsense listen and believe, and some begin to believe them! My father served in the Red Army from 1935 to 1944, when he was charged with disability, but I don’t remember that he spoke badly of that time. Anything happened, but most of the arrests, according to his stories, were caused by anonymous denunciations information of personal accounts and violation of social law: who was stealing, who drank state property or simply squandered. Well, there wasn’t such a thing that the "talkers" were taken. But Stalin cleared the “fifth column” in a timely manner!
  33. +1
    29 September 2017 14: 55
    How to use the topic of repression in politics?





  34. +1
    30 September 2017 17: 45
    Kapustin speaks of 2 944 879 people convicted for 1931-1938. (Of those shot, 745). And he calculates that this is “only” 220% of the 1,7 million population of the USSR. (“A little over 250%,” he says).
    Without questioning the indicated number of repressed people now (however, why is it limited to only eight years? Doesn’t take into account the Holodomor again ...), I express bewilderment at the figure of the USSR population of 250 million.
    Wikipedia, however, speaks of 165-170 million people at the end of the 30s (according to the All-Union Census). Also, when calculating interest, the age structure of the population should be taken into account and children under 15 years old, which made up almost 38% of the total number, should be excluded. (This information is easily found on the Internet). It remains (to the maximum) 0.62 * 170 = 105 adult people.
    Thus, in 1931-1938, not 1.7% of the total population was convicted, but 2.8%. That is, Kapustin’s score is underestimated by 2 (! Two) times. Not "a little over 1.5", but almost 3! And the shot - 0.7% that is almost 1! And this is only 8 years out of 36 (1953-1917 = 36).
    That is, out of every 35 people - one was convicted in 1931-38. Every fourth of them is shot! (almost every hundredth!)
    Whether it is a lot or a little, let everyone decide for himself ...
  35. +1
    30 September 2017 19: 06
    Quote: feta
    Wikipedia however says

    Wikipedia is written and controlled from the USA .. found a source of knowledge ..
  36. 0
    2 October 2017 20: 23
    Even Rezun-Suvorov more objectively considered the topic and causes of repression than our liberals. This is a very big lie created by the party nomenclature for the party nomenclature. The 20th congress is the congress of her victory over Stalin. After that, the fate of the USSR was a matter of time. The decomposition process began.

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