Triumphal stamp
The rocket men’s pride - the new C-400 complexes will be on duty right after the Victory Parade
May 9 on Red Square will be held Triumph anti-aircraft missile systems. And in a few days the third division of the newest air defense system C-400 will be put on combat duty, because it is Triumphs that are called upon to become the basis of the future Russian space shield. Igor Ashmatbeyli, General Director of the Almaz-Antey State Design Bureau named after Academician A.A. Raspletin, told the correspondent of Izvestiya how this protection is being created.
News: Igor Raufovich, what is the "Triumph"? After all, they say that we, apart from him, need nothing more.
Igor Ashurbeyli: Firstly: the Triumph C-400 is by no means a modernization of the Favorit C-300 anti-aircraft missile system created by us and well-known all over the world. The fact that they are similar in appearance is nothing more than a legend for a potential adversary. So that he could not distinguish from the air or from the satellite, which, strictly speaking, is in a combat position - C-300 or C-400. And the e-filling is absolutely different. Any officer who previously worked with C-300, and today serves on C-400, knows this.
If we talk about differences in combat characteristics, it is primarily an increase in the interception zone and the detection zone, and the number of simultaneously accompanied and fired targets.
For a number of characteristics, the difference is one and a half to four times. One of the most important advantages is the possibility or, as we call it, the "omnivorous nature" of the new missile system. We already have two missiles in C-400, by the end of this year a third one will be introduced, and a couple more new ones will be in store for a snack. The system has an open architecture - that is, depending on how the attack means change, it will be able to use new types of missiles. And any domestic developers. This is a breakthrough.
Izvestiya: Do these qualities probably have a numerical expression?
Ashurbeyli: ZRS is deployed in a combat position in just five minutes. Able to reliably intercept reconnaissance aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft aviation, tactical, operational-tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic targets, jammers, airborne radar and guidance aircraft, etc. The radar of the complex provides track tracking for up to 100 targets and precise tracking for up to six targets (for which the missile will be aimed. - Izvestia), the distance of destruction depends on the type of missiles used. For example, with one missile, aerodynamic targets are destroyed at a distance of up to 250 km, and the other is capable of shooting down an object at an altitude of five meters.
The tactical and technical characteristics of C-400 were confirmed during the large-scale exercises "Combat Commonwealth-2009" and "West-2009". Then the C-400 combat crews successfully destroyed the targets - analogues of modern and promising means of air attack. At the same time, the correctness of the decision taken by the Ministry of Defense to create aerospace defense brigades was confirmed.
and: Under the roof of "Almaz-Antey" it is planned to unite (or absorb) all design bureaus associated with the creation of anti-aircraft missile systems and missile defense systems. Would it kill the competition? Wouldn't it lead to the fact that armies will offer what is, and not what is better?
Ashurbeyli: No. Today there is the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern, and in it the Almaz-Antey Head System Design Bureau. As the head developer of air defense systems, he now has four more development companies joining - in the areas of naval air defense, air defense of the Ground Forces, missile defense and automated control systems. A single entity, a powerful brain center of several thousand people, is being created.
Our task is to preserve those teams of developers that are in the merging enterprises, and adapt them to new goals - they are set before us by the Ministry of Defense. After all, the merging enterprises have one problem - the lack of development work on new developments. All of them continue to be engaged in the modernization of a long time ago developed equipment. Now it is already beginning to acquire an anecdotal character, this is a scientific and technical dead end. We too could endlessly upgrade the C-300P "Favorite". But Almaz, in my opinion, acted very honestly: we closed this topic on our own initiative and proposed the development of C-500 to the Ministry of Defense. And besides, they called on our colleagues as well: stop making endless money from the budget for the old, something new needs to be done.
and: But there was competition between C-300В and your C-300П. As a result, two anti-aircraft systems needed by the country appeared.
Ashurbeyli: I think it's still somewhat contrived story. In fact, there was no competition. The budget was simply spent twice: equipment was created for the Ground Forces and for the Air Force. From one boiler, funds were taken for the creation of non-standardized equipment, literally to the point of a different nut. But is such wastefulness, which our present budget can no longer provide, justified?
You can, of course, say that the S-300V and S-300P had functionally different combat uses. One thing - the S-300V, ground air defense, a march-throw across the continent - once the task was once set to reach the English Channel in a week. So here they go tank columns on the tracks, next rides on the tracks S-300V, provides them with air cover. Another thing S-300P is an object round-the-clock mobile duty to protect cities, nuclear power plants, and air borders of the country. I don’t talk about the performance characteristics of the S-300V, people did what they ordered. The question is: for what? If there’s a cabin there, as in a tank, you cannot just physically stand on duty there. Accordingly, S-300P carries combat duty every day, and the S-300V stands in storage and waits for these tanks to be sent somewhere. But they will never go there. Therefore, I have repeatedly said that the world has already voted in dollars, having bought the S-300P. Since 1994, Russia has received more than four billion dollars from their sale.
Although, I emphasize once again, the tactical-technical characteristics of the previous complexes before the advent of the C-400 Triumph were comparable. And now we just turned this page of history. Now we need everyone to join hands and engage in the development of promising aerospace defense systems, which we will do in the united Almaz-Antey State Design Bureau. Today we are talking about systems that are initially developed so uniformly that they can be applied in the Navy, in the air defense object, and in the Ground Forces. That is, it is not a narrowly focused system, but a multi-profile, interspecific one.
and: What are the prospects?
Ashurbeyli: Here, for example, is the new Vityaz system, a medium-range complex that replaces the C-300PS. Very small, mobile and fairly cheap, but will have the same tactical and technical characteristics as the PS system. Developing a system "Morpheus" ultra-short range. It is also a system for covering C-400, C-500, and Topol. "Morpheus" is able to "finish off" precision bombs and cruise missiles at near-range interception.
It is assumed that the development of C-500 will be completed by 2015 year. We are not disclosing its characteristics yet. I can only say that it will use the latest radar based on an active phased array operating in the X-band. This is the last word of technology. In fact, Morpheus plus Vityaz plus C-400 and C-500 close all defense echelons from the upper limit to five kilometers and to the lines in 400 with more than 5 kilometers and to the near space.
I: You said that a firm engaged in the Moscow anti-missile defense system would be included in the structure of GSKB, and supposedly there are already some tasks for it. We are upgrading our missile defense system. Nuclear missiles, providing a "roof" of the capital, a thing of the past?
Ashurbeyli: Under the missile defense agreement of 1971, both we and the US had stationary missile defense systems. Now a fundamentally different task is to have, if not mobile, then a redeployed missile defense system, which will cover exactly the object that is needed. And the second is completely different heights, intercept ranges and missile speeds. Perhaps the new physical principles.
and: So there really is the creation of interception systems based on laser systems?
Ashurbeyli: I can only say that we are closely following the American project on air-based lasers.
and: But there is an opinion that shoot down laser weapons rocket impossible. The Americans themselves admitted that this is a scam ...
Ashurbeyli: If we are talking about terrestrial lasers, then yes, of course. But we are talking about air-based lasers. And the "scam", as you say it, was among the Americans, who set the technologically unattainable task of physically hitting the target. We initially believed that it was necessary to go step by step, and we should set the task of functional destruction, “blinding” optical guidance systems. And then go ahead. It turned out that we were right. And according to the information we have, the Americans have really reduced the requirements for their system from heat to functional damage. Reduced from seven to two the number ordered from the industry "Boeing" with a laser installation.
and: President Dmitry Medvedev set the task to create an aerospace defense system. Has a start already been made?
Ashurbeyli: At the first stage, we are talking about the integration of existing funds. All the funds that I have listed, they are generally part of ASD. And the second stage is the development of new tools that will be introduced into this system. May God give us the first stage to complete.
The process is still under discussion. We are very pleased that finally, the new military doctrine says: "There will be an aerospace defense system for Russia." Because before that, individual comrades, who are not really comrades to us, even questioned the very terminology of the East Kazakhstan Oblast and, in general, the very need to create such a system that, in my opinion, is a great sin. Today, when military doctrine is approved, this discussion is discontinued. We had hoped that the new OCD for aerospace defense would be opened already in 2010 year. This has not happened yet. We hope that the money for it will be allocated in 2011 year.
and: I recently met with the designer of the ballistic missile "Bulava" Yuri Solomonov. He complains that there are not enough modern materials, components, equipment. And you have new combat lasers, and a whole bunch of new anti-aircraft missile systems. They also have electronics, new materials ...
Ashurbeyli: In the same C-400, there are practically no imported components. That is, our developers still know how to cook soup from the ax. In addition, the Ministry of Defense has now gone to substantially soften its position in terms of the use of import element base. This is a procedure that takes about three months for each batch. We are now trying to simplify it.
Do not be afraid of the use of imported components. It is necessary simply, clearly understanding the scope of the state armaments program, to purchase it to the extent necessary for the implementation of this program. Including additional stock - it should be in warehouses. Then, within the existing life cycle of this technology, there will be no dependence on imports. It is time to remove the "iron curtain" in the defense industry and integrate more actively with other countries. I would go further and talk not only about the use of the element base, but also about the creation of joint ventures. Not only in the production of final products and not in the sphere of our know-how, but in those areas where our foreign colleagues can do better, faster and cheaper.
I can give you an example. Somehow I arrived in Seoul, and I was proudly shown modules with equipment at a secret test site. Some are made in Russia, and some are made according to our documentation in South Korea. Looking one look at these Korean "wardrobes"! Our such koryavnie, all rough, and there everything is almost in nickel, chrome, everything is beautiful, high quality. I say: Well done, guys, you can copy better than us, but it was our specialists who invented it. But Korea does some things cheaper and better, and do not be afraid of it. If the final production is still created here, then why not look at the possibility of co-production of some elements more liberally?
and: That's it. Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Alexander Zelin, has repeatedly said that we should work on a joint missile defense system with the Americans, and build a tactical missile defense system with the Europeans
Ashurbeyli: This is not a question for me. Technically, we are ready, politically - the question is not ours. Relations with the West are like a swing: now and then back. An area such as the defense industry still requires more stable, conservative, long-term planning. Such deep integration, I think, is still unreal.
May 9 on Red Square will be held Triumph anti-aircraft missile systems. And in a few days the third division of the newest air defense system C-400 will be put on combat duty, because it is Triumphs that are called upon to become the basis of the future Russian space shield. Igor Ashmatbeyli, General Director of the Almaz-Antey State Design Bureau named after Academician A.A. Raspletin, told the correspondent of Izvestiya how this protection is being created.
News: Igor Raufovich, what is the "Triumph"? After all, they say that we, apart from him, need nothing more.
Igor Ashurbeyli: Firstly: the Triumph C-400 is by no means a modernization of the Favorit C-300 anti-aircraft missile system created by us and well-known all over the world. The fact that they are similar in appearance is nothing more than a legend for a potential adversary. So that he could not distinguish from the air or from the satellite, which, strictly speaking, is in a combat position - C-300 or C-400. And the e-filling is absolutely different. Any officer who previously worked with C-300, and today serves on C-400, knows this.
If we talk about differences in combat characteristics, it is primarily an increase in the interception zone and the detection zone, and the number of simultaneously accompanied and fired targets.
For a number of characteristics, the difference is one and a half to four times. One of the most important advantages is the possibility or, as we call it, the "omnivorous nature" of the new missile system. We already have two missiles in C-400, by the end of this year a third one will be introduced, and a couple more new ones will be in store for a snack. The system has an open architecture - that is, depending on how the attack means change, it will be able to use new types of missiles. And any domestic developers. This is a breakthrough.
Izvestiya: Do these qualities probably have a numerical expression?
Ashurbeyli: ZRS is deployed in a combat position in just five minutes. Able to reliably intercept reconnaissance aircraft, strategic and tactical aircraft aviation, tactical, operational-tactical ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic targets, jammers, airborne radar and guidance aircraft, etc. The radar of the complex provides track tracking for up to 100 targets and precise tracking for up to six targets (for which the missile will be aimed. - Izvestia), the distance of destruction depends on the type of missiles used. For example, with one missile, aerodynamic targets are destroyed at a distance of up to 250 km, and the other is capable of shooting down an object at an altitude of five meters.
The tactical and technical characteristics of C-400 were confirmed during the large-scale exercises "Combat Commonwealth-2009" and "West-2009". Then the C-400 combat crews successfully destroyed the targets - analogues of modern and promising means of air attack. At the same time, the correctness of the decision taken by the Ministry of Defense to create aerospace defense brigades was confirmed.
and: Under the roof of "Almaz-Antey" it is planned to unite (or absorb) all design bureaus associated with the creation of anti-aircraft missile systems and missile defense systems. Would it kill the competition? Wouldn't it lead to the fact that armies will offer what is, and not what is better?
Ashurbeyli: No. Today there is the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern, and in it the Almaz-Antey Head System Design Bureau. As the head developer of air defense systems, he now has four more development companies joining - in the areas of naval air defense, air defense of the Ground Forces, missile defense and automated control systems. A single entity, a powerful brain center of several thousand people, is being created.
Our task is to preserve those teams of developers that are in the merging enterprises, and adapt them to new goals - they are set before us by the Ministry of Defense. After all, the merging enterprises have one problem - the lack of development work on new developments. All of them continue to be engaged in the modernization of a long time ago developed equipment. Now it is already beginning to acquire an anecdotal character, this is a scientific and technical dead end. We too could endlessly upgrade the C-300P "Favorite". But Almaz, in my opinion, acted very honestly: we closed this topic on our own initiative and proposed the development of C-500 to the Ministry of Defense. And besides, they called on our colleagues as well: stop making endless money from the budget for the old, something new needs to be done.
and: But there was competition between C-300В and your C-300П. As a result, two anti-aircraft systems needed by the country appeared.
Ashurbeyli: I think it's still somewhat contrived story. In fact, there was no competition. The budget was simply spent twice: equipment was created for the Ground Forces and for the Air Force. From one boiler, funds were taken for the creation of non-standardized equipment, literally to the point of a different nut. But is such wastefulness, which our present budget can no longer provide, justified?
You can, of course, say that the S-300V and S-300P had functionally different combat uses. One thing - the S-300V, ground air defense, a march-throw across the continent - once the task was once set to reach the English Channel in a week. So here they go tank columns on the tracks, next rides on the tracks S-300V, provides them with air cover. Another thing S-300P is an object round-the-clock mobile duty to protect cities, nuclear power plants, and air borders of the country. I don’t talk about the performance characteristics of the S-300V, people did what they ordered. The question is: for what? If there’s a cabin there, as in a tank, you cannot just physically stand on duty there. Accordingly, S-300P carries combat duty every day, and the S-300V stands in storage and waits for these tanks to be sent somewhere. But they will never go there. Therefore, I have repeatedly said that the world has already voted in dollars, having bought the S-300P. Since 1994, Russia has received more than four billion dollars from their sale.
Although, I emphasize once again, the tactical-technical characteristics of the previous complexes before the advent of the C-400 Triumph were comparable. And now we just turned this page of history. Now we need everyone to join hands and engage in the development of promising aerospace defense systems, which we will do in the united Almaz-Antey State Design Bureau. Today we are talking about systems that are initially developed so uniformly that they can be applied in the Navy, in the air defense object, and in the Ground Forces. That is, it is not a narrowly focused system, but a multi-profile, interspecific one.
and: What are the prospects?
Ashurbeyli: Here, for example, is the new Vityaz system, a medium-range complex that replaces the C-300PS. Very small, mobile and fairly cheap, but will have the same tactical and technical characteristics as the PS system. Developing a system "Morpheus" ultra-short range. It is also a system for covering C-400, C-500, and Topol. "Morpheus" is able to "finish off" precision bombs and cruise missiles at near-range interception.
It is assumed that the development of C-500 will be completed by 2015 year. We are not disclosing its characteristics yet. I can only say that it will use the latest radar based on an active phased array operating in the X-band. This is the last word of technology. In fact, Morpheus plus Vityaz plus C-400 and C-500 close all defense echelons from the upper limit to five kilometers and to the lines in 400 with more than 5 kilometers and to the near space.
I: You said that a firm engaged in the Moscow anti-missile defense system would be included in the structure of GSKB, and supposedly there are already some tasks for it. We are upgrading our missile defense system. Nuclear missiles, providing a "roof" of the capital, a thing of the past?
Ashurbeyli: Under the missile defense agreement of 1971, both we and the US had stationary missile defense systems. Now a fundamentally different task is to have, if not mobile, then a redeployed missile defense system, which will cover exactly the object that is needed. And the second is completely different heights, intercept ranges and missile speeds. Perhaps the new physical principles.
and: So there really is the creation of interception systems based on laser systems?
Ashurbeyli: I can only say that we are closely following the American project on air-based lasers.
and: But there is an opinion that shoot down laser weapons rocket impossible. The Americans themselves admitted that this is a scam ...
Ashurbeyli: If we are talking about terrestrial lasers, then yes, of course. But we are talking about air-based lasers. And the "scam", as you say it, was among the Americans, who set the technologically unattainable task of physically hitting the target. We initially believed that it was necessary to go step by step, and we should set the task of functional destruction, “blinding” optical guidance systems. And then go ahead. It turned out that we were right. And according to the information we have, the Americans have really reduced the requirements for their system from heat to functional damage. Reduced from seven to two the number ordered from the industry "Boeing" with a laser installation.
and: President Dmitry Medvedev set the task to create an aerospace defense system. Has a start already been made?
Ashurbeyli: At the first stage, we are talking about the integration of existing funds. All the funds that I have listed, they are generally part of ASD. And the second stage is the development of new tools that will be introduced into this system. May God give us the first stage to complete.
The process is still under discussion. We are very pleased that finally, the new military doctrine says: "There will be an aerospace defense system for Russia." Because before that, individual comrades, who are not really comrades to us, even questioned the very terminology of the East Kazakhstan Oblast and, in general, the very need to create such a system that, in my opinion, is a great sin. Today, when military doctrine is approved, this discussion is discontinued. We had hoped that the new OCD for aerospace defense would be opened already in 2010 year. This has not happened yet. We hope that the money for it will be allocated in 2011 year.
and: I recently met with the designer of the ballistic missile "Bulava" Yuri Solomonov. He complains that there are not enough modern materials, components, equipment. And you have new combat lasers, and a whole bunch of new anti-aircraft missile systems. They also have electronics, new materials ...
Ashurbeyli: In the same C-400, there are practically no imported components. That is, our developers still know how to cook soup from the ax. In addition, the Ministry of Defense has now gone to substantially soften its position in terms of the use of import element base. This is a procedure that takes about three months for each batch. We are now trying to simplify it.
Do not be afraid of the use of imported components. It is necessary simply, clearly understanding the scope of the state armaments program, to purchase it to the extent necessary for the implementation of this program. Including additional stock - it should be in warehouses. Then, within the existing life cycle of this technology, there will be no dependence on imports. It is time to remove the "iron curtain" in the defense industry and integrate more actively with other countries. I would go further and talk not only about the use of the element base, but also about the creation of joint ventures. Not only in the production of final products and not in the sphere of our know-how, but in those areas where our foreign colleagues can do better, faster and cheaper.
I can give you an example. Somehow I arrived in Seoul, and I was proudly shown modules with equipment at a secret test site. Some are made in Russia, and some are made according to our documentation in South Korea. Looking one look at these Korean "wardrobes"! Our such koryavnie, all rough, and there everything is almost in nickel, chrome, everything is beautiful, high quality. I say: Well done, guys, you can copy better than us, but it was our specialists who invented it. But Korea does some things cheaper and better, and do not be afraid of it. If the final production is still created here, then why not look at the possibility of co-production of some elements more liberally?
and: That's it. Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Alexander Zelin, has repeatedly said that we should work on a joint missile defense system with the Americans, and build a tactical missile defense system with the Europeans
Ashurbeyli: This is not a question for me. Technically, we are ready, politically - the question is not ours. Relations with the West are like a swing: now and then back. An area such as the defense industry still requires more stable, conservative, long-term planning. Such deep integration, I think, is still unreal.
- Dmitry Litovkin
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