Development of ekranoplans in the Russian Federation

As the RIA News, at the moment, projects of both light and heavy machines are being developed by industry design bureaus.

Ekranoplans occupy a niche between ships and aircraft. The “screen effect” consists in creating an “air cushion” between the body / wings of the machine and the surface of the water by means of an incoming flow. Rising above the sea, ice field, snow or steppe, the device acquires stability and the ability to move with minimal fuel consumption.

Efficiency and payload gives ekranoplans an advantage over airplanes and helicopters, and their speed favorably distinguishes them from hydrofoil vessels. Sliding over the surface makes the machine invisible to radar and inaccessible for exposure to min.

The Nizhny Novgorod Central Design Bureau named after Alekseev acts as the main developer of the ekranoplanes. The heavy oceanic vehicle A-050-742d "Chaika-2" is included in the line of machines created by it. Its top speed is 450 km per hour, flight distance is up to 5000 km, take-off weight is 54 t, payload is 9 tons or 100 passengers. In the role of starting engines, it is likely that the P-195 will be used (as on the Su-25 attack aircraft), and the marching engines - TV-7-117 (as on the IL-114). It is assumed that the first flight of the "Seagull-2" will make to the 2022 year. At present, the draft design has been successfully completed and work is underway on a technical look.

"Seagull-2"

It is planned to equip the car with domestic avionics and modern navigation and aerobatic complex. An independent access to the unequipped coast with a slope of 5 degrees, the possibility of basing on water and airfields is allowed. As part of the Navy machine will be in demand when patrolling the near coastal zone.

The design bureau also carries out the development of an even heavier vehicle - the A-080 “Seagull-3” multi-purpose transport vehicle with a take-off weight of 100 tons.

The interest of the military to ekranoplans is confirmed by the words of the head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, Vladimir Tryapichnikov, about the planned inclusion of the development of ekranoplans into the shipbuilding program up to the 2050 year.

Comments

[Herculesic]

And why not until 2250? We have revived the Khrushchev tradition - to promise that in 20 years everyone will be on the ointment, but they forgot to say that this does not concern the people?

[Vladimir16]

Rushed n over the bumps ....
That whiners yell that the ekranoplanes destroyed. Now having read what they will do, they began to whine again, digging out another "problem" for themselves. They saw the date of 2050 and, well, courted her.
But the first flight in 2022 we will not notice, in order to pour out tears and snot on a bol.
So, Herculesych?
This is, after all, a “problem” that ekranoplans will finance right up to 2050. Horror as bad, right?
And where do you get so many snot?

[Rus2012]

Quote: Vladimir16

Rushed n over the bumps ....

... exactly the same way, esperds of VO are annealing! :))))))))))))))
Toto recently, the "Devanes" scattered the very idea of ​​rebirth, so now plans for the long term ...

Quote: Winnie76

Why didn’t they experience it, for example, in the Baltic Sea or in the Black Sea?

... but they themselves did not try to think with their own head, why in the Caspian, and not in other places?

[polev66]

Well, you know better in Iceland ... and we somehow do not care what you revive there

[Per se]

And the Soviet experience (Lun) is not destiny to remember?
Again, “we are ours, we will build a new world”? Especially the date pleased 2050.

[Topotun]

The most offensive is that one of these monsters seems to be lying somewhere at the stage of 80% readiness. It seems that they started to remake him into a lifeguard. With its speeds, that would be relevant ....

[Andrei from Chelyabinsk]

Why remember him? To flinch, cross yourself, and try to forget forever?

[Winnie76]

Quote: By itself

And the Soviet experience (Lun) is not destiny to remember?

Oh yeah. In the Caspian Sea, Lun was very menacing. Why didn’t they experience it, for example, in the Baltic Sea or in the Black Sea?

[aszzz888]

about planned inclusion of the development of ekranoplanes in the shipbuilding program to 2050 year.

... thanks for the news, but I won’t know the final result ...

[bald]

That pancake got carried away! I’m not a fig either, I won’t see it without reading your comment.

[shark]

Where is the guarantee that this program will not be curtailed in 5-6 years? As it was already. And will the Americans come to see the results? And why take so many years to design something, if the drawings of Lunya, Orlyonka are in the archives? Change avionics, is it necessary for 30 years? Recalculate, based on new materials, the existing glider - need 30 years? Moreover, our engine building didn’t step forward qualitatively. If you ask such questions, it becomes clear that we do not need ekranoplans. We need a cut object.

[Esoteric]

Quote: shark

Recalculate, based on new materials, the existing glider - need 30 years?

"We must take something with the people ..." thought Moses, looking at the "wide" open spaces of the Sinai desert. Most likely, after 40 years, towards the end of the journey, no one will remember either the ekranoplans, or those who “zealously” mastered the budget money allocated for this ...

[Andrei from Chelyabinsk]

Quote: shark

And why take so many years to design something, if the drawings of Lunya, Orlyonka are in the archives?

Because Lun and Eaglet are no good

[polev66]

but you don’t speak for everyone, nobody gave you this right ... you don’t need to, so speak for yourself

[win9090]

In the RIO article, the main word "Ghost" ekranoplanes ...

[EvilLion]

Need not.
Aircraft became a serious factor in 10 years after their appearance, helicopters immediately as soon as the cornmen, landing on the fields, left. WIG for obvious reasons has not achieved anything in decades.

[Corsair0304]

The idea is good, but the deadlines are sad, very sad. If by 2022 - the first flight, then in a series by the year 2030-2035 ...

[Evgeniy667b]

This concept is outdated morally and it has no future. Stupid copying of Alekseyev’s plans - nothing but a senseless waste of time and money - will do nothing. And although there are the works of Professor L.N. Schukin, and this is a slightly different direction of development. It is learned that in addition to banal copying, we have not advanced far! And in factories, a catastrophic shortage of personnel. Self-extinguishing!

[rpuropuu]

Quote: Herkulesich

And why not until 2250? We have revived the Khrushchev tradition - to promise that in 20 years everyone will be on the ointment, but they forgot to say that this does not concern the people?

For your reference, it was Khrushchev who was an ardent supporter of the design and development of ekranoplanes When he first hydrofoil he said: "Stop riding oxen." So before you write something, read this question

[EvilLion]

Out of the blue, it turns out. Well, if Khrushchev, then of course. Khrushchev, in principle, could not undertake a good deed.

[rpuropuu]

Quote: Topotun

The most offensive is that one of these monsters seems to be lying somewhere at the stage of 80% readiness. It seems that they started to remake him into a lifeguard. With its speeds, that would be relevant ....

The most annoying is that Alekseeva was essentially "rotten", brought to the point that he was overstrained. And the base for testing the same layouts was abandoned and stolen back in the 90s Now a single company is engaged in single copies

[Winnie76]

Maybe Alekseyev’s design bureau will someday take up business? So I imagine, such a 50-ton fool flies to herself at a speed of 450 and spreads flocks of seagulls on the windshield. At the same time knocks down everything that swims and walks. Who will release this miracle in the sea?
It's time for Alekseyevtsy to move on to the design of pans. It will be safer for everyone and for the country.

[EvilLion]

Yes, no one. It is like an atomic reactor on an airplane. They also designed it, but it began to release a bit. Actually, there’s still such a moment, the plane flies over any surface, and the ekranoplan only above water. The ship also floats only on water, but water transport has always been the cheapest, unlike.

[alstr]

Yes, nothing is smeared. In terms of size, such an ekranoplane is comparable to the Bison (is there no such problem there?). And it will not be here.
And he flies not only over water, but also over land too.

[EvilLion]

"Bison" should not fly and its strength is much higher, and the speed is much lower. Over land due to the effect of the screen you can fly only on a flat road. Tu-144, it seems, had such a defect that there was a screen effect, and the car did not want to sit down. The ground is uneven. Otherwise, flying with an envelope of the terrain is a rather dangerous occupation and even a helicopter below 100 meters will not be able to fly from point A to point B because of the danger of collisions and the lack of headroom for the reaction. The fact that there are helicopter pilots in combat conditions dropping below buildings, so you need to train them very well and this is not done from a good life.

[alstr]

The height of the Bison is 22 m. The height of the Eaglet is 17 m.
Given the flight altitude - the height of the upper points is approximately the same. The scope is the same. How are the same routes. And the Bison has no questions with birds, but the ekranoplan will arise.
In my opinion - this is nonsense.

On flights over land. Speak again nonsense. Look here. You can move to the sea with a wave of up to 5 meters, and you can fly over land only over the road.
That there were no questions quote:
"Due to the low flight altitude and the specifics of creating lift, the international maritime organization and the international civil aviation organization have developed a special classification.

Type A. Directly ekranoplan. This is, first of all, a vessel that is certified for operation only within the “screen effect” coverage area. Therefore, it is subject to ship requirements.

Type B. A vessel that briefly and to a limited extent increases the flight altitude beyond the limits of the “screen effect”, but by a distance from the surface not exceeding 150 m (for flying through another vessel, obstacle or other purposes). Also subject to ship requirements. The maximum height of such a “flight” should be less than the minimum safe altitude of the aircraft according to aircraft requirements (above sea - 150 m).

Type C. This type is called ekranolet. A vessel certified for operation outside the range of the “screen effect” at a height exceeding 150 m. Submits to ship requirements in all operating modes, except for “aircraft”. In "airplane" mode, safety is ensured only by aircraft requirements, taking into account the features of ekranoplanes. "

Those. WIG can jump over the bridge or the road.
And in theory, the screen acts on any surface relatively flat at heights of 1 to 25 meters.
Those. for example, it can safely fly over roads at an altitude of 10-15 meters and jump overpasses even in a simple screen mode. Moreover, ekranoplans can fly over the forest (for example, ESKA-1.). So it's quite an acceptable option for transport. Naturally, in central regions it is less applicable due to population density. But for Siberia, the North and the Far East - is quite suitable.

In general, if you rummage around, it’s not only Alekseev’s ekranoplanes moving. And many options were worked out. For example, there were experimental models of powerboats that used a propeller and a screen effect, which allowed a significant increase in speed.
For example, in Irkutsk, an experimental model of an ekranoplan with a motorcycle engine was created. The speed he really was less than a hundred, but he flew.

[rpuropuu]

Quote: EvilLion

Need not.
Aircraft became a serious factor in 10 years after their appearance, helicopters immediately as soon as the cornmen, landing on the fields, left. WIG for obvious reasons has not achieved anything in decades.

But what about Meteors and Missiles? This is essentially the same technology and the brainchild of KB Alekseev. Obvious reasons, yes ... The change of power, the reforms of Misha and Co. as well as Boris and Co., then many domestic developments were destroyed, starting from the same computer and ending with the same Buran.

[EvilLion]

But "meteors" and "rockets" are hydrofoil ships, and they do not crash from hitting water, you just have to jump in the lift. At the same time, the technique is still quite specific, and it is not common in the world, and it’s understandable, you don’t need to squeeze km / h on the 60-80 river, and there is a developed motor vehicle for high-speed movements.

The computers were not destroyed by Misha, but by the general backwardness of the electronics industry, which the tsar-father did not leave, and the Bolsheviks did not manage to develop to American proportions. And when, for the sake of legal and not very American access to American software, we started making clones of machines from IBM, we found ourselves lagging behind without any options when competing precisely in the element base, in which the United States was to the United States, as to the moon on foot. And it was under Brezhnev.

“Buran” is a pity, but a similar program in the United States failed completely. That is, the idea, apparently, is a dead end.

[Evgeniy667b]

EvilLion and in fact, ekranoplans belong to the category of a vessel. Numerous offspring of the American company "Hovercrat", which in Russia are already many, are nothing more than ships of a special design. Increase the size of the plane and they will fly, and after all they fly up to 150 meters, it is impossible according to the law above! There are only planes, and this is a small ship, just a boat!

[EvilLion]

Vessels include everything that moves above water below a certain height. For obvious reasons, there is a danger of collision. Hovercraft
1) Create lift yourself.
2) Have a body with shock absorption. You can stupidly fly out of all the dope on a sandy beach. But this is already a problem, and the weight requirements are tough.
3) They are not rushing along 400-500 km / h. If we plan a small ekranoplanchik at 100-150 km / h, then what is the point if the hovercraft technology, although expensive, but works?

The ekranoplan is based on the aerodynamic effect and suggests a narrow air gap. Yes, the friction is less, although compared to aircraft at an altitude of 10-11 km, it is huge. Therefore, the aircraft is more profitable. The disappearance of the gap, or its excessive leads to loss of lift and accident. The plane will shake in the air pit and that’s all, the ekranoplan will hit the water surface, or will stand on its hind legs, and its strength is far from the ship’s. Or we come to the same ship on air. a pillow that is designed to take on bumps. This is in the design of the hard drive, which is stationary in the case, it can be done that the heads are located on a perfectly flat surface and are kept from contact by aerodynamic effects, but even water surface cannot be made perfectly even.

As for the efficiency of ships on air. pillow
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B2%
D1%83%D1%81-48
18 tons. This is a loaded KAMAZ dump truck, which will drive faster with one 260-powerful engine than this miracle technology with two engines, with a total capacity of 840 l. with.


The hydrofoil vessels are based on the fact that the density of water is high and even small planes can give enough lift to push the hull out of the water, reducing friction, but in the air. Wings are always in the water, and they are not threatened that they have risen centimeters on the 10, and the lifting force, suddenly, became close to zero. Have you ever seen a plane, especially close? Didn’t notice how big its volume is for its weight and how huge its wing is?

[alstr]

About developed motor vehicles - are you in Siberia or in the north? Or, for example, here to get from Yalta to Sochi - obviously faster by rocket by sea than even by bridge overland.

[rpuropuu]

Quote: Winnie76

Maybe Alekseyev’s design bureau will someday take up business? So I imagine, such a 50-ton fool flies to herself at a speed of 450 and spreads flocks of seagulls on the windshield. At the same time knocks down everything that swims and walks. Who will release this miracle in the sea?
It's time for Alekseyevtsy to move on to the design of pans. It will be safer for everyone and for the country.

I’ll tell you so, when Alekseyevtsy wanted and went about business, they turned off the electricity in the design bureau. People worked for the idea, for free. Now these people are pensioners, and Alekseev himself essentially perished. Now all you need to start from 0 and expect that new ships will fly in a year, even after 2-3 at least silly

[Winnie76]

OK. How is Alekseev’s design bureau going to solve problems of ekranopafety? Put a radar and ekranoplan will dodge each gull? Hedgehog understandable - stillborn idea

[An60]

You got already with your seagulls! Forgot more about albatrosses and cormorants. First, disperse the birds from the land airfields with a hedgehog who understands everything ....

[EvilLion]

You know, but there it is a serious problem. Although all you need is to clear the area near the runway from the birds, and not the whole water area, or the river of kilometers on 1000.

[nesvobodnye]

Coastal waters instead of a patrol ship, poachers to drive?
How is it?

[Serzh_R]

As part of the Navy, the machine will be in demand when patrolling the near coastal zone.

Let the drone be made and driven through international waters, at the same time they will bring the glider to mind.

[Alexey RA]

Gliding above the surface makes cars invisible to radars and inaccessible to min.

It made it invisible. In the 70s of the last century. And that, mainly, for domestic naval radars, limited in detection range on the PMW mast height. For aircraft radars, there were no particular problems with detecting a target measuring 73 x 44 x 19 m, and even moving at a speed of 400-500 km / h.

I now wonder if gliding above the surface makes cars invisible to radars, then sailing on this very surface, it turns out, generally drives any ship into stealth mode.

[EvilLion]

Underneath it definitely drives. There are 2 type of ships: submarines and targets.

[Bert]

Quote: shark

Where is the guarantee that this program will not be curtailed in 5-6 years? As it was already. And will the Americans come to see the results? And why take so many years to design something, if the drawings of Lunya, Orlyonka are in the archives? Change avionics, is it necessary for 30 years? Recalculate, based on new materials, the existing glider - need 30 years? Moreover, our engine building didn’t step forward qualitatively. If you ask such questions, it becomes clear that we do not need ekranoplans. We need a cut object.

Some programs are voiced to be forgotten forever. Type public settled down goal achieved. WIG itself was already in the early 60s. His biggest weakness is the same 5% under the volume. Unlike an air cushion in which the same 5% ekranoplan needs speed. Suppose deep ravines are already a problem, but in our country they are not measured. That is, narrow specialization is nevertheless, in some cases, a very promising direction, in particular along riverbeds in winter.

[Old26]

Quote: EvilLion

“Buran” is a pity, but a similar program in the United States failed completely.

It turns out interestingly. So 135 flights and almost a quarter of a century of operation - a dead end program? I would be glad if the Buran program were just as deadlocked.
With the shuttle, in general, things were somewhat different. The Americans miscalculated over time between flights and the cost of payloads. Therefore, they could not bring to the planned 52 flights a year ...

Efficiency and payload gives ekranoplans an advantage over airplanes and helicopters, and their speed favorably distinguishes them from hydrofoil vessels. Sliding over the surface makes the machine invisible to radar and inaccessible for exposure to min.

To be honest, I don’t know where the author found the efficiency and carrying capacity of ekranoplanes as an advantage over airplanes. If you take the same performance characteristics of ekranoplanes "Lun" and "Eaglet" and compare them with the corresponding parameters of aircraft, it is not a fact that the ekranoplan will surpass the plane in something. As a result, the only ekranoplan rusts on a slip in Kaspiysk. And no one is even going to somehow upgrade it. It's a pity to cut it, but where to do it is unknown

[genpolitproject]

Screen plan is the most complete nonsense ...