Chinese Civilization and the Great Scythia
In the view of most Europeans, as well as citizens of Russia, the expanses of Southern Siberia, Altai, Mongolia, North and Central China have always been the setting for the settlement of the Mongoloid race, but this is far from being the case. Already in 3 thousand BC, southern Siberia was populated by genera of Indo-European (Aryan) origin, known as carriers of the Afanasyevo agricultural-pastoral culture. "Afanasyevtsy" occupied a huge territory - in addition to the Altai and Khakass-Minusinsk depression, their archaeological traces were found in East Kazakhstan, Western Mongolia and Xinjiang.Later, the Andronovo culture of the 17th — 9th centuries BC came to replace the Afanasyevo archeological culture. er "Andronovtsy" in the south occupied the territory to modern Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, in the east - the South Urals, Western Siberia. One of the most famous settlements of the “Andronovites” is Arkaim in the Chelyabinsk Region.
"Princess" from the Kizilsky burial ground and "Blacksmith" from the Aleksandrovsky-4 burial ground. (2-I half of III millennium BC). The representatives of the pit culture are the direct ancestors of the Arkaim who lived after 200-300 years before the construction of Arkaim.
It should be noted that already in the I millennium BC. er Xinjiang (East Turkestan) was inhabited by Caucasians. The earlier period - the early Neolithic and Mesolithic in Southern Siberia and Central Asia is still poorly studied, but there is no reason to believe that at that time it was different. The Chinese civilization was formed to the south - in the basin of the Yellow River. It is clear that the Indo-European (Aryan) and Chinese civilizations interacted from the most ancient times. And there is archaeological evidence. So the researchers noticed that the most ancient agricultural cultures of China are of Western, "European" origin.
In the basin of the Yellow River there were two types of Neolithic cultures (Greek νέος - new, λίθος - stone, new age, last stage of the Stone Age). The first type was distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, up to the turn of the river to the east; the second - down the river, down to the ocean. Scientists established that the western group (the culture of Yanshao — V — II millennium BC) was formed earlier than the eastern one; the initial center of its formation was the region of the Weihe River, a right tributary of the Yellow River. The two cultures differed quite strongly, even the main agricultural crop was different - rice was preferred in the east and millet (chumizu) in the west. Ceramics differed, in the west the dishes were of the same type as in the vast spaces of continental Eurasia. In the east, ceramics had a specific appearance - vessels on three legs (tripods), which was not found anywhere else except China. The type of dwelling differed: in the west there was a single-chamber square semi-dugout with one or several supporting pillars inside and a fireplace in front of the entrance: in the east there were multi-chamber houses without posts and a fireplace near one of the walls. The funeral ceremony was also very different: on the upper and middle reaches of the river - the burials were mainly oriented to the north-west. And on the lower reaches of the Yellow River - to the east. This suggests a difference in religious beliefs.
Racially, eastern and western cultures were Mongoloid, but some differences between the inhabitants of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, suggest the presence of Caucasoid racial components. So, in the Weihe basin, people had higher and wider faces and eye sockets (Kryukov M. V., Sofronov M. V., Cheboksarov N. N. Ancient Chinese: problems of ethnogenesis, M., 1978.). According to the historian and archaeologist Yuri Petukhov, the Mongoloid race was generally formed as a result of the mixing of Caucasians in the era of Cro-Magnon and the local synantropes (Latin. Sinanthropus pekinensis - “Peking Man”). In 20-10 thousand BC, in the field of modern Mongolia and China, there were constant migration waves of boreals, in Petukhov's terminology, “Rus”, that is, “white, clean” people with fair skin, hair and eyes. Mingling with the archangels, given their dominant genes, the “Ruses,” assimilated, but gave their descendants more advanced skills in material and spiritual culture. This is how the first Mongoloid pre-etnos appeared - the ancestors of the Chinese, Koreans, Mongols, Japanese, etc. In 8-3 thousand BC. er The waves of Caucasians-Indo-Europeans (Aryans) penetrated into Southeast Asia. Mingling with representatives of the Mongoloid predatnosov, they formed groups of so-called. "White Chinese", "white Kazakhs", etc. They differed from typical Mongoloids in higher growth, fair skin, often with bright eyes and hair. Some of them became the ruling elite in their nationalities - this is the key to the light-eyed and red giant Genghis Khan. At the same time, the “Ruses” inhabited the vast spaces of the modern Russian civilization - from the Carpathians, the Danube, the northern coast of the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean and Northern China. At the same time, they preserved Caucasoid and the main features of the Rus superethnos. The "Scythian-Siberian world" of the Europeans was for millennia a kind of barrier that divided two races, while constantly giving waves of migrations to the south. For example, the modern Indian civilization still retains many traditions of the ancient Indo-European Aryans. We can safely say that the superethnos of the Rus created the civilizations of Japan, Korea, China, and India with their migratory waves (but only India retained the Caucasoid anthropological type, Indo-European languages, part of the traditions and beliefs). You can read more about this global process in the studies of Yu. D. Petukhov - “History Russov "," Russian Scythia (co-author - N. I. Vasilyeva), "Super-evolution. Superethnos Russes and others.
Scythians. Plaque with the image of the Scythians, hunting with bows. Gold. 7-2 vr. BC. er Hermitage.
More and more data is accumulating, confirming that the Chinese civilization was not “indigenous”, autochthonous. It was initially formed under a huge influence from the northwest, from the side of the Proto-Indo-European and Indo-European population. Interestingly, this trend has survived until our days - in the 20 century, China’s independence was restored with the help of the Stalinist USSR, the Soviet Union helped create the industrial base of modern China, and shared with it advanced technologies themselves. At the end of 20 at the beginning of 21 centuries, the scientific and technological breakthrough of the Middle Kingdom was largely due to the influx of the scientific heritage of the USSR. For example, many Chinese aircraft, spacecraft, naval ships, armored vehicles, etc., were created by copying and improving Soviet-Russian technologies. The symbol of this historical process is the first "Chinese" aircraft carrier "Varyag".
Let's go back to ancient times. Ceramics culture Yanshao has a clear resemblance to the dishes of the centers of ancient agricultural cultures in Central Asia and in the Danube-Dnieper interfluve - Tripoli culture (VI-III millennium BC). And, apparently, the way of immigrants came not from Iran and Central Asia, but from Mongolia and South Siberia. Thus, Banpo pottery is an archaeological monument in the Yellow River valley east of the city of Xi'an, several Neolithic settlements dating back to 4500 were found there - the beginning of 3-th millennium BC. e., very similar to the Scythian. In principle, the connection of the cultures of Yanshao with Anau (Central Asia) and Tripoli is quite obvious - all of them were formed on the periphery of the “Great Scythia”.
By the middle of 3 millennium BC. er cultures of the Yansha type occupied a rather large region — almost the entire bend of the Yellow River. Apparently, this time is identical to the semi-mythical period of the "five emperors", which is mentioned in Chinese sources (the time of the formation of Chinese civilization). Approximately about 2300-2200 BC. er The old Yanshao culture center in the Weihe basin experienced a crisis. In his place, the culture of Longshan advanced from the east. But even at this time the “northern component” is clearly traced, including the semi-earthen, Scythian type of dwelling. Written sources in China report that just in the 22-21 century BC. er Xia dynasty was established in the country. This dynasty also had a north-western origin, the "northerners" constituted the ruling stratum of the Xia kingdom. This tradition, when representatives of the northern nations created new ruling dynasties and the elite of the state, was preserved for thousands of years.
Location of the Xia Dynasty.
The reign of Xia ended approximately around 1600 BC. er The reign of the Shang (or Yin) dynasty began, during this period there was a strengthening of the eastern elements. During this period, ties with the Indo-European culture are preserved - the Yin letter has a great similarity with the Middle Eastern hieroglyphs (L. Vasilyev, Problems of the Genesis of Chinese Civilization. M., 1976.). It can be concluded that Chinese writing was developed with the participation of representatives of the northern civilization (it also had a great influence on the region of the Middle East). In the era of the Shang state (1600 to 1027 year BC) in China there was a technology for the manufacture of bronze, and already in finished form. It was moved from a developed center of metallurgy in the Tien Shan and Altai regions, where, apparently, they discovered this technology. Another new technology from this period is the chariot. It was also obtained in finished form, without having local analogues. Chinese sources from this period report that the Chou, Rong and Di peoples of the Shang (Yin) state lived in the north. They are described as typical Caucasians - people with bright eyes and thick red beards; there are also archaeological finds of the Scythian "animal style."
In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in the province of Gansu, in the Bronze Age (2 millennium BC), the Jijia culture was formed. It noted the strengthening of the western elements - there were already disappeared burials with orientation to the north-west, Caucasoid features among the population. The remains of a purely Caucasoid type were found in the tombs of the “great city of Shang” (the kingdom of Yin), at that time the Yits people had the custom of sacrificing prisoners of war - they often fought with the “northern barbarians”.
The struggle with the Zhou ended in the defeat of the Yinians, the Yin-Shang kingdom collapsed - the period of the domination of the Zhou dynasty came (1045-256 BC). Under them, the traditions of slavery were replaced by the classical state-communal hierarchy, which linked the supreme ruler, the Son of Heaven, with the peasantry. In the same period, iron processing technology came to China. Zhoustians were representatives of the ancient Caucasoid population of Central Asia (Russo-Scythians) and brought a new cultural impulse to China. They had their own writing, but in the end the local variety won. In addition, it should be noted that the Zhou Dynasty asserted its continuity with the Xia dynasty, bypassing the Yin period. Chinese sources erect the origins of the Chzhousians and their relatives of the Juns to the first emperors, Huangdi and Yandi, who ruled around the middle of 3 in the millennium BC. e., it was the heyday of the culture of Yanshao. Huangdi was considered the founder of the Ji (Chou) clan, and Yandi was considered the Jiang (Rong) clan.
Thus, it is obvious that in Central Asia in the period 5-2 thousand BC. er there was a developed civilization created by the representatives of the white race (Caucasians). This civilization was a carrier of developed material and spiritual culture — the skills of farming, cattle breeding, the production of bronze and iron, had its own written language and invented wheel transport. All these achievements were transferred to the Mongoloid population in the area of the Yellow River (the Chinese received a trigram system from the first emperors). Chinese civilization was formed under the powerful influence of this powerful northern civilization. But she had a strong "conservative" center in the east by the ocean, so this region in 1 thousand BC. er became the site of the formation of the ethnos of the ancient Chinese.
But the genetics of the Mongoloids are dominant in relation to the Caucasians, therefore the final of the ancient civilization of Central Asia was quite predictable. The ruling elite quickly dissolved in the local population - in contrast to the Aryans in ancient India, who strictly followed the caste-estate division. Soon the Western Zhuns, related to the Zhou, began to regard the Zhou dynasty as alien and hostile, the wars resumed. In 771 year BC. er Zhuns seized the capital Zhou, the center of the kingdom was moved to the east - Eastern Zhou dynasty (770 BC - 256 BC).
Juns were typical of the Aryan-Scythian root - they bred horses, were excellent warriors, wore long hair and beards, built half-dwelling houses, burned their dead, etc. They made several trips to the capital of the Eastern Zhou, participated in the wars of the “Fighting Kingdoms” era ". Part of them became part of the kingdom of Qin, giving him the ruling dynasty. Others have created their kingdom - Itsuy. Qin and Itui waged a long struggle with varying success. But in the end, Qin won up, and having joined the lands of the juns, having assimilated them, became the most powerful state. Qin subjugated all of China at that time. That was how the Qin Empire was created - its founder was the famous emperor Qin Shi Huang (under the reign of 246 BC. –– 210 BC). True, soon after his death she collapsed. Some of the Junians retreated to Tibet, where the remnants of their ancient culture remained until the end of 1 th. er
From about 7 century BC. er Chinese sources have di or dinlins. Another kind of northern origin. They were distinguished by high growth, had blue and green eyes, built wooden log houses, were engaged in cattle breeding and farming, possessed high technologies for smelting iron, and easily moved from place to place. They also easily recognize the Scythians (Rus). They appeared on the outskirts of China, when the Scythians "officially" appeared in the vast expanses of Eurasia - from the Carpathians and the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean. Archaeologists have recorded Scythian footprints in North China - this is also typical of them. weapon, horse harness and decorations. Di was brought under control of virtually the whole of East China, while their relatives, the Zhuns, controlled the western regions. It was during this period - the middle of 7 century BC. e., Great Scythia reached its highest power, controlling almost all of Asia. True, the period of their domination was short.
It must be said that the Chinese historians of the first half of the 20 century did not deny the great importance of the northern (Scythian) element in the development of Chinese civilization. The historian Wang Tung-ling, relying on ancient sources, described the ethnogenesis of the Chinese people as a wave-like process that flowed from west to east. He singled out four main waves: the first reached the Middle Chinese plain during the time of the legendary "five emperors"; the second wave created the kingdom of Xia; the third wave, the Zhou dynasty; the fourth was the population of the kingdom of Qin, which formed the first Chinese empire.
Historian Wei Ju-san applied the traditional dualistic model of Yin-Yang to China’s past. He considered the development of Chinese civilization as an interaction of two main components: the southeast — the Mongoloid and the “indigenous” (it prevailed in the Yin-Shang era) and the north-western, which belonged to the white race (Xia and Zhou dynasties).
The archeological data fully confirm the opinion of these Chinese researchers. Therefore, the refusal of modern Chinese historiography from the “traditional” concept seems to be related to Beijing’s geopolitical views. The modern Chinese elite successfully forgot the help of the USSR and does not want to recognize the influence of Great Scythia, the Aryan-Indo-European civilization on the process of creating Chinese civilization. That is why Chinese researchers "close their eyes" to the giant mounds of the Scythian era, to the finds of Caucasoid remains, to the fact that the "Chinese" great wall is not of Chinese origin. I do not want to admit that some Chinese emperor (and not one) I-Wan can be a Scythian light-brown.
Scythians. A plaque with the image of a Scythian hunting a hare. Gold. 7-2 vr. BC er Hermitage.
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