Why Liberals Hate Iron Felix
... to achieve the goal, people like me have to give up all personal benefits, life for themselves, life for work.
F. Dzerzhinsky
F. Dzerzhinsky
140 years ago, 11 September 1877, was born Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky. Legendary creator of the Soviet security and intelligence agencies, People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR and chairman of the Supreme Economic Council.
After the destruction of the USSR and the domination of the Westernist liberal ideology, “Iron Felix” was associated mainly with the “Red Terror” and as the head of the “bloody” Cheka-Cheka. However, he entered history Russia-USSR mainly as one of the most prominent creators of the Soviet statehood, who worked hard for the good of the Union and the people. He became one of the people who saved Russia from chaos, anarchy, suppressed banditry. Felix Edmundovich really fought against the enemies of the people and built a new Soviet civilization, a society based on the idea of social justice. Dzerzhinsky was one of the founders of the program of Soviet industrialization, on the foundation of which still stands modern Russia. Apparently, this is why Dzerzhinsky and causes a feeling of hatred among Russian liberals, for whom a pro-Western and weak, semi-colonial Russia is the ideal of the state, and a strong, independent Russian power, rigidly suppressing the “fifth column” and not afraid to repel external enemies, “a bloody totalitarian state".
Felix Dzerzhinsky was born on August 30 (September 11) of 1877 on the estate of Dzerzhinovo in the Oshmyany district of the Vilna province in the Polish small-family and large family of a noble family. Educated at the gymnasium (the course is not graduated). Young Felix was brought up, like many Poles, in hatred of Russia, which "occupied Poland." In the year 1922, when Dzerzhinsky was already one of the leaders of Soviet Russia, he wrote about his childhood patriotic feelings: “As a boy, I dreamed of an invisible cap and the destruction of all Muscovites.” Felix was also a zealous Catholic and even wanted to join the Jesuit Order. However, when he began to prepare for the career of a Catholic clergyman in 16 years, he was dissuaded.
After that, he went to another extreme - became a fan of the German Social Democratic Party. As a result, Felix became an exemplary professional revolutionary. Back in the gymnasium, in the autumn of 1895, he joined the Lithuanian Social Democratic organization and led propaganda in artisan and factory apprenticeship circles. In 1900, he joined the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPL). Conducted party-subversive work in Vilna, cities of the Kingdom of Poland, in St. Petersburg. Since 1906, the representative of the SDKPIL in the Central Committee of the RSDLP. In 1906-1912 was a member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b). He was arrested several times, fled twice, was released several times under an amnesty. In recent years, before the revolution, 1917 was held in custody. So, in April 1914, Dzerzhinsky was sentenced to 3 years of hard labor; he was serving them in the Oryol Central. In addition, he was sentenced in 1916 to the year of 6 years of hard labor, he served her in Butyrka prison in Moscow, from where 1 was released in March 1917 of the year after the February revolution. “Iron Felix” spent a total of years of his life in hard labor and in exile 11.
Thus, by 1917, Felix Edmundovich became one of the most prominent professional revolutionaries and members of the Bolshevik Party. At the suggestion of Lenin 7 (20) December 1917 was appointed chairman of the All-Russian Emergency Commission (VChK) under SNK RSFSR to combat counter-revolution and sabotage. The Cheka and its local bodies received the broadest powers, including the imposition of the death penalty. "Iron Felix" became the most famous leader of the Cheka. The phrase of Felix Dzerzhinsky that "a man with a cold head, a warm heart and clean hands can be a KGB officer" later became legendary. Dzerzhinsky controlled the main special services of Soviet Russia: from March 1919 simultaneously headed the NKVD of the RSFSR, from August of the same year the Special Department of the Cheka (military counterintelligence), and from November 1920 - the border guard service. From October 1919 - Chairman of the Military Council of the Militarized Guard Forces (WOCR), from November 1920 - the troops of the VNUS (internal service).
In his personal life he was an ascetic humble and extremely hardworking man, fully immersed in the work entrusted to the party. As M.I. Latsis recalled, Dzerzhinsky “is not content with leadership alone. He longs to act. And we have often seen how he interrogates the accused himself and digs in incriminating materials. His case is so exciting that he sits out nights in the Cheka. He has no time to go home. He sleeps right there in the office behind the screen. He will eat right there, the courier brings him food, which is served by all the staff of the Cheka. ” Vyacheslav Menzhinsky wrote: “The organizer of the Cheka, in the first turbulent time, when there was neither experience ... nor people, he himself went on searches and arrests, personally studied all the details of the KGB case, so difficult for the old revolutionary of pre-war dressing, who grew together with the Cheka, which became his incarnation, Dzerzhinsky was the most stringent critic of his brainchild ".
“Only a man like Dzerzhinsky, with his determination, firmness and unrelenting energy, could overcome all these obstacles, gain confidence in himself and the Cheka. For him, there were no difficulties, no barriers. He walked forward with conviction, surely, without stopping. Despite the fact that he was burning in the struggle, that for him the struggle was life itself, he was not keen on keeping his composure in the most difficult moments. Only such a person, with such restraint, with such determination, could head the Cheka, ”wrote P. Yakov (deputy chairman of the Cheka, OGPU) in his memoirs.
Dzerzhinsky was the best example of an ascetic manager. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Felix Edmundovich was a very modest man - all his life he advocated social equality for all, and he was an example of this equality. The security officer Yang Buikis recalled: “We deeply and faithfully loved our Dzerzhinsky and were ready to follow him to the most difficult deeds and feats. It was something bright, special. He seemed to radiate heat penetrating into the soul. The very presence of Felix Edmundovich among us inspired calm confidence, vigor and a desire to work selflessly and bravely. The security officers hardened under him turned out to be smarter and stronger than any enemy and foreign intelligence. Chekists were incorruptible, honest. " Also, the security officer noted the remarkable working capacity of the Soviet leader: “Whenever I went to him - in the morning, in the afternoon, late at night, I always found him at work. The thought involuntarily arose: when did he sleep? And whether it sleeps at all? At three or four in the morning, Dzerzhinsky went to rest right there in the office behind the screen on a simple iron bed. But once he opened the door, he immediately got up and was again in his workplace. ”
Dzerzhinsky accepted people, listened and acted immediately. “Do you think this is right when you do not notice the requests and needs of individual people?” Not. The masses are made up of personalities. And everyone has the right to a date, ”he said. Once Dzerzhinsky learned that some members of the OGPU from the pass office in the information desk (those who usually sit outside the window and answer questions from citizens) are rude to visitors. Verification has confirmed this. Dzerzhinsky ordered then that at the reception hours behind the window only the heads of the directorates and departments of the OGPU were sitting, so that they would give exhaustive answers and certainly in a polite manner.
During the Civil War, he repeatedly visited various fronts, led the fight against banditry, increased discipline among the troops. The country was torn apart not only by the white armies and governments, but also by left radicals (anarchists, left SRs), nationalist separatists, Basmachis (predecessors of modern jihadists), agents of foreign powers, interventionists. Few people now know about this, but the collapse of the Russian Empire, the “reforms” of the Provisional Government and the Civil War led to a real criminal revolution. The bandits (“greens”) created their armed formations, whole “armies”. Russia could die in this anarchy and gangster lawlessness. It was necessary to restore order. Only tough actions could save the country, allow the Soviet government to create a new development project and a new statehood. And Dzerzhinsky was able to solve this titanic problem. "Iron Felix" was a unique leader.
From 1921, simultaneously with the main Chekist work, he headed the commission to improve the lives of children; supervised the elimination of childless homelessness. As chairman of the commission, Dzerzhinsky organized a system of children's institutions - receivers-distributors (temporary stay), orphanages, “communes” and children's “townships”. In these institutions, thousands of disadvantaged children received medical care, education, food, and most importantly, the opportunity to become normal people.
In February, 1922, in connection with the liquidation of the Cheka, became the chairman of a new organization, the Main Political Directorate (GPU) under the NKVD of the RSFSR. At the same time he became People's Commissar of communications. Since September 1923, the chairman of the OGPU under the SNK of the USSR. He was repeatedly elected a member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RKP (b).
From 1922, Dzerzhinsky was a supporter of Stalin in his struggle with Trotsky. With Stalin, Dzerzhinsky had good personal and business relationships. Dzerzhinsky was interesting for Stalin not only because he supported his policies, but also because he was a supporter of the rapid restoration and development of the economy and was well versed in economic matters. In addition, the views of Dzerzhinsky and Stalin agreed that the country needed a strong central authority. In fact, they were statists, "imperials", opposing the division of Soviet Russia into autonomous republics. Unfortunately, in this matter Lenin's point of view won - the USSR as a union of republics.
After Lenin's death (January 1924), Dzerzhinsky was appointed head of the commission of the Central Election Commission of the USSR on the organization of funerals. Dzerzhinsky insisted, contrary to the objections of the widow of the late Krupskaya, on embalming the body of the deceased. Under his leadership, as soon as possible, a mausoleum was built, which became one of the main symbols of Soviet civilization. Since February, 1924, leaving the post of chairman of the OGPU, headed the All-Russian Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) of the USSR, almost all of the country's economy was under its control. As chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, he attracted experienced specialists with pre-revolutionary education to his work, and continued the line of support for NEP. This caused a deep conflict with opposition leaders Zinoviev and Kamenev.
At this time in the Soviet elite there was a dispute about the ways and methods of industrialization. How to turn a huge agrarian country, which has just finished rebuilding the economy after the difficult years of the First World War, the Civil War and the intervention of the Entente, into an industrial, highly developed country. It was obvious that the socialist system and the Soviet project could be preserved only if a highly developed industry was created. T. n. The “Left Opposition” proposed to industrialize at the expense of the village, the “muzhik”, squeeze out all the means from the village and create heavy industry. However, such a path threatened to destabilize the country in which the Civil War had just ended, to cause a conflict of workers and peasants, to lead to a new peasant war in the conditions of a highly hostile external environment. This led to the failure of the industrialization program itself and the defeat of the entire Soviet project. Therefore, Dzerzhinsky sharply criticized this position: “If you listen to you ... then ... as if there is no union of workers and peasants here, you do not see this union as the basis of Soviet power, under the dictatorship of the proletariat, which consciously leads the country to a specific goal, to socialism ... This completely erroneous political bias can be murderous for our industry and for the whole of Soviet power. ”
It is worth noting that Dzerzhinsky was a major figure not only as a “security officer No. XXUMX”, but also as the head of the entire national economy. Under his leadership was the entire industry, which was in the stage of recovery. He developed a promising "locomotive" program. Its essence was the immediate deployment of locomotive building in the USSR (that is, engineering). According to Felix Edmundovich, the program allowed the program to fully load locomotive plants, which in turn dramatically tightened other related industries. In particular, metallurgy. Thus, Dzerzhinsky planned to make a locomotive a “locomotive” of Soviet economic growth. Stalin, who was also well-versed in economics, unreservedly supported this plan.
In his program, Dzerzhinsky practically anticipated the foundations of future industrialization. He proposed focusing on the production of Group A: the production of means of production. It was necessary to create a powerful engineering industry, which led to an economic revolution in the country. The main method of industrialization: a) large-scale development planning of entire industries in their interrelation and mutual influence on each other; b) development together with the large metallurgical and machine-building industry of related and related sectors of the economy. The main character of industrialization is the concentration of production at the largest factories and the construction of the largest and most modern enterprises. In political terms, the country's industrial transformation led to the elimination of the economic role of the peasantry through the creation of large commodity industries based on the large-scale use of machinery and equipment produced in Soviet factories.
It is clear that the program of Stalin and Dzerzhinsky in the development of the country and its first successes infuriated Trotsky and other "Trotskyist internationalists" who explicitly or by default worked for the West, solving the problem of turning Russia into a backward raw periphery of the "world community." They did everything possible to sabotage the successful development of Soviet industry, which turned Russia-USSR into one of the leading world powers, guaranteeing its economic and political independence. In particular, Finance Minister G. Ya. Sokolnikov-Brilliant (later “innocently repressed”) insisted not only on drastically reducing the financing of the industry development program put forward by Dzerzhinsky, but also on maintaining the function of distribution of all funds disbursed to industry by the people's commissariat. That is, Trotskyist Sokolnikov is practically indistinguishable in its views from the current Russian liberals, who in 1990 and 2000s destroyed and continue to strangle the economy, science and education, and public health in Russia with constant "optimization" (cost reduction).
There is a version that it was the Trotskyists, the hidden enemies of the people, who eliminated Dzerzhinsky as one of the active supporters of the development of Soviet civilization. 20 July 1926, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky delivered a sharp critical speech at the plenum of the Central Committee on the state of the country's economy. He harshly criticized representatives of the opposition, Pyatakov, whom he called "the biggest industry disorganizer," and Lev Kamenev, whom he accused of not working, but engaged in politicking. Because of a nervous breakdown, he became ill. On the same day, he died of a heart attack.
Later, the myth was created that Stalin was guilty of the death of Dzerzhinsky. In reality, Dzerzhinsky was most of all interfering with the Trotskyists, the “fifth column”, which worked in the interests of the Western powers, sabotaging the development of the Soviet project and turning the USSR-Russia into a powerful industrial, and therefore military, economically and technologically independent of the West. Also, "Iron Felix" interfered with the enemies of Soviet civilization and Stalin as the head of the security agencies. Dzerzhinsky maintained a tremendous influence on the state security organs, despite the workload of the country's economy. And inside the OGPU, a kind of parallel leadership has already taken shape, which was carried out by G.G. Yagoda, the deputy of Iron Felix, a relative of the once powerful Central Executive Committee chairman Ya. M. Sverdlov (a famous Russophobe and agent of Western influence). He made his own group - KV Pauker, MI Guy, and others. As a result, when Dzerzhinsky was eliminated, the state security organs became a stronghold of the Trotskyists, enemies of the people, until these “Augean stables” cleared Beria. They organized the persecution of Dzerzhinsky at all levels. Felix Dzerzhinsky's health did not endure (and he was not distinguished by good health). In addition, it is possible that the "heart attack" organized. Then the loud death was blamed on Stalin, as in a number of other cases.
Thus, the myth of Dzerzhinsky, the “bloody murderer”, which was only noted by the brutal terror against “the best people of Russia”, was created by the enemies of Soviet civilization and the people, with the aim of denigrating one of the greatest figures of the Soviet Union. Felix Dzerzhinsky was one of the founders of the Soviet state, the founder and leader of the internal and external security agencies, struggled with chaos and anarchy into which the great country plunged, defended Soviet Russia from internal and external enemies, built a new Soviet civilization based on social justice . At the same time, Dzerzhinsky became one of the fathers of the industrialization program, which allowed the USSR to withstand and win in the most severe world war, to become a superpower, thanks to which modern Russia still has weight in world politics. Therefore, “Iron Felix” and causes a feeling of hatred among Russian liberals. Hatred of Dzerzhinsky, Stalin and the “damned Soviet past” is a rejection of social justice, a socialist society of service and creation.
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