The Soviet economy lost? Why do we still live by its fruits?

127
The Soviet economy lost? Why do we still live by its fruits?


We often hear that the planned economy turned out to be insolvent, could not provide the country with goods, could not withstand competition from the market economies of western countries, led to the decline and then the destruction of the Soviet Union.



Someone thinks that there is nothing left of the Union, and decades of shock work of an entire people were wasted. But is it?

If you take a closer look, you can find that almost everything we use today is either left from the USSR in the most direct way, or obtained thanks to Soviet industry, which means that the planned economy, which many consider untenable.

Most of the population still lives in Soviet-built houses. And if Khrushchev gradually demolished, then the houses of Stalinist buildings will stand and stand, because the apartments in them are very much appreciated.

And modern houses built in the post-Soviet period are also partly of Soviet origin. Because almost all brick and cement plants, ZZHBI and metalworking plants that produce materials for modern homes - again built in the USSR.

Infrastructure, communications - also mainly from the Soviet government. Recently, asphalt was mainly shifted on the existing roads, and even then not at all. New roads are built mainly around Moscow, and in the rest of the regions roads are built a little and a little. On some roads, even the asphalt was not updated - and it is from Soviet times.

Most of the CHP, HPP and NPP, almost all administrative buildings are of Soviet construction. Ostankino and regional telecentres - again built in the USSR.

Almost all the large factories that still operate today were also built during the Soviet era. RusAL, MMK, Norilsk Nickel and many other giants, whose shares are now traded on exchanges, and products are exported - built in the Soviet period.

Kamaz - Soviet factory, cars Kamaz - Soviet development.

AvtoVAZ as a development bought from the Italians, but bought by the Soviet authorities and paid for with money earned by the Union. And built in the Soviet period. And until recently, the plant continued to produce Soviet models of Zhiguli. "Nine" and "ten" were Soviet developments. Only recently the Soviet models of the Zhiguli were finally replaced by new ones. Although the plant itself, production facilities and office buildings - still remained the same, Soviet-built.

GAZ - again built in the Soviet period, so all the Gazelles, which are produced today, are produced thanks to the same Soviet government, which once built a car factory.

The military industrial complex is a military-industrial complex - almost entirely Soviet.

Uralvagonzavod, shipyards, aircraft factories, design bureaus and everything else - built during the Soviet period. Even Armata is the completion of the development begun in the USSR.

The main tank - T-90. Small weapon - Kalashnikov machine gun and machine gun, SVD, PM. Grads, Smerches and Hurricanes - again, the Soviet development. Even Iskander - and they laugh in a Soviet way.

Helicopter construction is one of the few high-tech industries in which Russia retains its leading position - again left from the USSR. Russia still produces Soviet-made helicopters and they are in demand. A new model of helicopters are created on the basis of the Soviet and in fact are their modernization.

Engines for launch vehicles developed in the Soviet design bureau.

Space launches are still carried out from Baikonur, the Soviet cosmodrome. The Eastern cannot yet fully replace Baikonur and whether it will ever be replaced is unknown.

Akademgorodok - one of the largest scientific centers not only in Russia, but also in the world - was built in the Soviet period. Skolkovo in comparison with Akademgorodok is a mere trifle. Add to this Zelenograd and many scientific institutes, laboratories and test sites throughout the country - almost all were built during the Soviet era.

Most of the offices today are located in the buildings of the former design institutes, which were again built in the USSR ...
And I have not listed it all yet!

So now say that nothing was left of the USSR and the 70 years of hard labor were gone in vain.

This 30 years of democracy were lost in vain, because in the last 30 years less was built than in the USSR it was built in one five-year plan. But more destroyed than during the Great Patriotic War.

Show me at least one large factory built in the post-Soviet period.

What has been built seriously over the past 25 years?

Vostochny Cosmodrome is a pale likeness of Baikonur, it’s not yet ready to accept the baton of the new cosmodrome, and it’s not known when it’s ready, therefore, it’s still premature to speak of it as a major project.

Skolkovo is generally a misunderstanding, a puzzling instead of science. In comparison with Akademgorodok - zilch. Regarding Rosnano, it is also unclear what is being done there - tangible results zero point horseradish tenths.

Rostec is simply the name of the corporation into which several Soviet plants related to the military industrial complex were assembled. Shvabe is a new name for the Lenin plant in Novosibirsk, where military optics have been made since Soviet times.

Olympic facilities in Sochi, please do not show - small wonder.

About the Zenit Arena, you can say about the same thing - for the money spent on construction, you could build a dozen similar stadiums, so there is nothing to be proud of.

Nothing fundamentally new, which was not built in the USSR - not a single new industry, which was not created in the USSR - was not created in the post-Soviet period.

We only do that we use the Soviet legacy, day after day.

Imagine for a second that the factories built during the Soviet period — Kamaz, GAZ, AvtoVAZ, MMK, Norilsk Nickel, Uralvagonzavod and all the others — have disappeared?

Imagine that Stalin's skyscrapers, Ostankino, former design institutes and other administrative buildings of the Soviet period have disappeared - what will remain? Moscow City and rare hypermarkets?

Imagine that the entire housing stock built during the Soviet period, as well as buildings built of brick, reinforced concrete and steel structures produced by plants left over from the USSR, has disappeared - what will remain? The Kremlin and St. Petersburg palaces? Peterhof? What else?

How many roads will remain, if you imagine that everything laid during the Soviet period suddenly disappeared?

If you mentally remove everything that was built during the Soviet period, on Soviet projects, by Soviet factories or from the materials produced by them, hardly any 5% of the entire economy will remain.


Every day we use what we have left of the Soviet Union, we simply do not notice it, we do not look closely, we do not think about it, we don’t attach importance to it.

Your TV works only because the Soviet government carried out electrification, built a CHP, hydro and nuclear power plants, power lines and telecentres, including Ostankino - the country's main television center.

Your computer also works because the Soviet government conducted electrification and built power lines.

Your house is warm for the same reason.

And your house was built either in the Soviet period, or from materials produced in the factories left over from the USSR.

Even the imported goods that you use today - computers, iPhones, iPads, televisions and everything else - and those purchased thanks to the USSR.

Almost all imported goods are bought for the currency derived from the export of oil and gas, and most of the oil and gas fields were developed during the Soviet period. Siberian deposits discovered by Soviet geologists. The gas pipeline, part of which is the Ukrainian gas transportation system, through which a significant part of gas is still supplied to Europe, was also laid during the Soviet era.

Do not develop the Soviet power of the Siberian fields - we would have remained without oil and gas after the division of the USSR.

Gazprom is the former Mingas privatized after the liquidation of the USSR. They just took and turned the ministry into one big corporation. And this corporation today provides half of the country's currency earnings, for which everything is bought - from cars to Chinese slippers.

Even that currency, which is not obtained from the export of gas and oil - still comes from the exploitation of the Soviet legacy - either Norilsk Nickel, or RusAL, or helicopter building, or launch vehicles.

And even this is not the end of the Soviet legacy.

We are still watching Soviet films. Most schools and universities also built in the Soviet period.

The best textbooks were written in Soviet times — students are still taught about them. Even in schools, teachers return to Soviet textbooks, because they don’t have a quality replacement.

Even food products have recently been tried to be manufactured according to the Soviet GOST standards or styled for Soviet designs. Because the Soviet GOSTs provided high quality and high-quality Soviet bread, high-quality ice cream, and high-quality sausage remained in people's memory.

In Novosibirsk, there is a network of butcher shops in Torgovaya Square - among sausages and sausages, the centerpiece is boiled sausage and milk sausages called “Then.” Why did the manufacturer choose this name and put it in a prominent place? Yes, because they buy! And they buy because they remember that boiled sausage in the USSR was delicious and consisted of meat.

The same situation in the line of ice cream - one of the most expensive and high-quality ice cream stylized under the Soviet.

Recently, I ran into an interesting case - I found a canned meat in a shop called “Made in the USSR”. The label is made in red and yellow colors, with a deliberate stylization of Soviet symbols. On top of a large red flag with a large inscription "made in the USSR."

At the same time the stew itself is made according to modern GOST, not even Soviet. But it is stylized under the Soviet production, very deliberately. There is a marketing ploy to attract a buyer. But why did the manufacturer decide to stylize their products in this way, in this way to attract a buyer? Yes, for the same reason - high-quality Soviet products remained in people's memory.

So much for the USSR, of which, according to some, nothing is left!

We not only continue to use the infrastructure and housing stock left over from the USSR, factories and entire industries such as astronautics, energy and helicopter construction. But even we return to the Soviet GOSTs and the Soviet stylistics, because the Soviet GOSTs ensure quality, and the Soviet style evokes memories of high-quality products and attracts attention.
Everything that we have been doing for the last 30 years is simply exploiting the Soviet legacy, repairing and updating in some places, and destroying and inundating in some places.

Even those who left Russia, settled in London, bought a yacht, surrounded themselves with European goods - they also live at the expense of the Soviet legacy. Because their capital is the result of the privatization and sale of Soviet property.

But why then did not the USSR become, if the planned economy was so strong and allowed to build all of the above?
Yes, and therefore was not ...

The USSR eliminated the party elite, guided by personal interests, in order to exchange state ownership of personal property and property in Russia for property in Europe.

The party elite decided that it was enough to build already, it's time to take advantage of the built - and for personal gain.

That is why the USSR did not become so much built that it became possible to sit on the fifth point and live in clover, squandering a rich legacy.

Of course, it didn’t happen to everyone to live happily ever after, but only the most nimble, who managed to grab more. At the same time, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Chubais, Gaidar and others who destroyed the USSR were the Soviet party and Komsomol elite, which means they were also made in the USSR.

Even the elimination of the USSR was made in the USSR!

And Putin, without whom some cannot imagine the future of Russia, was also once made in the USSR, like the entire Resource Federation, which matured in the depths of the Soviet Union in fertile oil and gas fields discovered by Soviet geologists and in the pipeline infrastructure built during the Soviet period .

Take a closer look and you will see that every day you look at what is done in the USSR and use what is done in the USSR.
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  1. +7
    29 August 2017 15: 14
    it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements
    1. +16
      29 August 2017 16: 07
      Quote: vazxnumx
      it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements

      Almost all industry was built by our ancestors in Soviet times.
      The current nouveau riches, apart from the destruction and theft of equipment, have built very little serious
      1. +5
        29 August 2017 16: 09
        it’s a pity from scratch it’s more difficult for industry
        1. +26
          29 August 2017 18: 09
          Quote: vazxnumx
          it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements

          You, sorry, from what year?
          Or you overslept something. You slept 25 years in a liturgical dream.
          What is left of the Soviet heritage? Maybe Buran? Maybe Red Hammer factory?
          Or maybe thousands and thousands of factories? Could it be heavy engineering? Or machine-tool industry? Maybe sea and river shipping companies? Maybe civil aviation?
          What is left then?
          Yes, no fig left !!! There is nothing but oil-gas-coal mining and wood-quarrying offshore industry ..
          SCA putinoids will come up and get upset and start to mantra about the su -35 and superpuppet jets, about the sale of grains and impotent substitution, about the fight against corruption since 1999 ...
          Interestingly, the "wake-up" elbows with knees still do not hurt, or are you used to it?
          Mdyayaya, patiently endured than ours, it is difficult to imagine .....
          1. +12
            29 August 2017 18: 47
            Quote: Stroporez
            What is left of the Soviet heritage?

            Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power station, thermal power station, AvtoVAZ (successfully fucked), and this is only in Togliatti. You can speak for Samara longer. And there’s no desire to talk about the defense industry - all the “latest” developments come from the USSR.
            Interestingly, the "wake-up" elbows with knees still do not hurt, or are you used to it?
            Thick hint at the fifth point? wink No, it doesn’t hurt. Just for them self-deception is the only excuse. Remember the movie "The Matrix"? Which pill to choose is everyone's right. request Someone is satisfied with the life of the plant.
          2. +7
            29 August 2017 19: 23
            Quote: Stroporez
            in a liturgical dream

            Better "in the liturgical dream." lol

            Oh, you don’t like the wanderers. And I don’t like "all-crawlers."
            What remains is much left. The language will get tired of listing. Of these, unique: the Kovrov plant - and not in terms of armaments, but unique centrifuges of uranium enrichment, which have no analogues in the world (pendocs dream of getting the technology - and - figs!). Concern "Schwabe", do not look at the name. A bunch of plants and shipyards are riveting with might and main - the dishes descend one after another.

            Yes, money is poured into the military-industrial complex, and many factories are managed by greedy or mediocre directors. Yes there are problems. And what - justified ... and not live?

            Hands reached - they kicked Renault-Nissan, so they developed decent model cars at AvtoVAZ. It’s quite a car.

            The legacy of Yeltsin - wow! Such augie stables. Each “all-crawler” must ask himself - what have I done for Russia?
            1. +18
              29 August 2017 20: 11
              What did someone kick? It’s just that AvtoVAZ was sold for a penny, and the Inissanovites, the rhinoceros, launched their platform. Also with KAMAZ. Mercedes will gradually buy it. Already part of the shares, the daimler has acquired and collects actresses at KAMAZ facilities. The same CHP plants are slowly being sold to foreign concerns. And what will remain in the end? Shit? And we have a lot of shit like in the old joke. So you wake up in the morning, and you are no longer a citizen, because they sold your homeland with you.
            2. +13
              29 August 2017 20: 24
              Quote: iConst
              What remains is much left. The language will get tired of listing.

              Your language will not get tired wink
              Colleague, it is no longer necessary to wishful thinking, leave it to professional propagandists, such as Kukushkin and kissel-tv.
              I personally am scared from the fact that to what depth the country should fall so that the "risers" relaxed their loins without even trying to straighten their ridge.
              Are you personally not ashamed to otmazyvayte non-grease?
            3. +11
              29 August 2017 20: 44
              Quote: iConst
              Each “all-crawler” must ask himself - what have I done for Russia?

              Gold words. But - "not feed the horse." They are not used to asking themselves questions, they are all D'Artagnans ... by default good

              They prefer to ask questions to others. Slaughter type. Moreover, not understanding a grain, how miserable they themselves look at the same time.

              Here's a picture like this ... oil, mlyn request
              1. +8
                29 August 2017 21: 38
                Quote: Golovan Jack
                They prefer to ask questions to others.

                The scouts of communication on the case, they are the winners, the pastors are pricked, the current is probably crustacean to the closet lol
                Quote: Golovan Jack
                But - "not feed the horse."

                Taki other "cellists" feed fellow Their army, large army, as they say 1% of the population sad
                And now I’m thinking to myself, is it already not that the Soviet government did not make bullets for this contra ??!
                1. +10
                  29 August 2017 22: 53
                  It seems that before the fall there are still a couple of days, but before the full moon it is completely a week and a day, and here it’s taco-oooh ...

                  Stroporez, throw plump. It was always useless, but now it’s also expensive ...
                  1. +1
                    31 August 2017 08: 45
                    Quote: Golovan Jack
                    Stroporez, throw plump. It was always useless, but now it’s also expensive ...

                    Duc, Volnoy-Volya!))
            4. +1
              29 August 2017 21: 02
              just buy Russian, or give preference simply because it is ours !! Do not fuck ... e..n scolding the president, each of us is the president of his own pocket, apartment, garage
              1. +9
                29 August 2017 21: 42
                Quote: aybolyt678
                just buy Russian, or give preference simply because it is ours !! Do not fuck ... e..n scolding the president, each of us is the president of his own pocket, apartment, garage

                What to buy then? listed 10 domestic goods !!!!
                Come on, go ahead, I'm waiting !!!!)) Love)))
                1. +1
                  30 August 2017 05: 18
                  Quote: Stroporez
                  What to buy then? listed 10 domestic goods !!!!

                  Here is what my wife and I always buy:
                  1. Chicken pork pork beef milk fish (until 98 years old American chicken legs were everywhere on the shelves)
                  2. Vodka, wine
                  3 AvtoVAZ, Gaza products
                  4. Women’s dresses are often sewn with us, but the material is often hostile.
                  5 shoes (for myself I buy only at Omsk shoe)
                  6.Furniture (you can find a good one) fittings to it are of course enemy
                  7 There are still medicines
                  8 Biryusa refrigerators
                  9 men's overalls, camouflage
                  10. rubber boats for fishing in Omsk do
                  it's all offhand without straining 10 types of goods. Electronics were given to enemies, there are no our phones, no computers, no hours, And cars are better. And what we do We do it ourselves on their equipment often. I believe that the whole point is in the artificial dollar exchange rate beneficial to the enemy producer, which sets the Central Bank
                  1. +5
                    30 August 2017 10: 28
                    Biryusa refrigerators exclude from the list! Compressors and plastic for refrigerators are foreign! I don’t even know if compressors are produced in the post-Soviet space .. Unless the Belarusian “Atlas” can be cited as an example ...
                    1. +1
                      30 August 2017 12: 43
                      thanks for the remark, touched smile
                  2. +1
                    31 August 2017 09: 19
                    Quote: aybolyt678
                    1. Chicken pork pork beef milk fish (until 98 years old American chicken legs were everywhere on the shelves)

                    and where is the genetic material from?
                    Quote: aybolyt678
                    2. Vodka, wine

                    Wow))) although avno rare))
                    Quote: aybolyt678
                    3 AvtoVAZ, Gaza products

                    Further ... I just dance.
                    Good luck to you!
                    1. +1
                      31 August 2017 20: 44
                      Quote: Stroporez
                      and where is the genetic material from?

                      ironically, I do artificial insemination of pigs and cows. The share of imports in monetary terms is less than one hundredth of a percent. We have preserved tribal enterprises from Soviet times. Something built after the restructuring. Example: if you buy a bull, it is capable of delivering from two hundred to a thousand doses every day. But you can buy only a dose to get a calf that will cover thousands. Not! genetic material needs to be bought abroad; this does not entail dependence.
              2. +3
                30 August 2017 10: 03
                Where is Russian? Even AvtoVAZ itself is essentially not a Russian plant.
            5. 0
              3 September 2017 18: 19
              iConst "What remains - much remains. Language will tire of enumerating."
              In the words of V.S. Chernomyrdin - the Government is not the body where the language can be hit or miss.)))
              Can you tell us about our achievements in machine tools?))) Or the electronics industry?))) It is clear that the infrastructure in the cities and in the whole country is still Soviet. It is clear that not everyone destroyed. But after all, many enterprises have destroyed. I see that they are building oil refineries, etc. in the fuel and energy complex, but what kind of industry can we talk about without machine tools? This is the basis of the basics. The communists in the 30s understood this. Do our geniuses understand?)))
          3. +6
            29 August 2017 21: 04
            Quote: Stroporez
            Or you overslept something. You slept 25 years in a liturgical dream.

            From these factories, markets and warehouses were built for imported goods.
            1. +4
              29 August 2017 21: 56
              Quote: aybolyt678
              From these factories, markets and warehouses were built for imported goods.

              I’m not only angry about this, I turn into a kind of monster ... and if they think they won’t do anything for them, the “brother” is very mistaken!
          4. 0
            30 August 2017 21: 27
            your shit, headed by a hunchbacked, eltsinoid, Yavlinsky and other Kasparovshchenoy, Nemtsovshchenoy almost all prosrali! But the fact that drying and calibers fly so this merit of completely different people! Capitalized people!
          5. 0
            31 August 2017 07: 02
            Quote: Stroporez
            Interestingly, the "wake-up" elbows with knees still do not hurt, or are you used to it?

            Whoever has pain hurts about that.
          6. 0
            31 August 2017 23: 40
            by the tone of the comment, it’s clear what you crave ...
            alas, people do not want a repetition of the mess of the 90s, because without their “leader”, whom everyone believed, they won’t be able to turn over from the bottom ... the whole problem of WHO will come to power! and the example of Ukraine is the most revealing ...
            it will not be possible to rebuild from the top, only liberals are sitting there ...
            so it turns out a vicious circle: traitors are in power, there is nobody to choose from (the field has been thoroughly cleaned up) ...
            It’s clear that it’s impossible to live on like this, but what do you propose to rebel ??
            chaos again, chaos again ...
            so the word "terpily" has nothing to do with it, we have already become smarter due to the 90s ....
            1. 0
              31 August 2017 23: 46
              "who is to blame" is not the most urgent question of "what to do" either, HOW to do? this is exactly a question of questions
          7. +1
            2 September 2017 00: 44
            Further develop the thought. Why don't you negotiate?
            1. 0
              2 September 2017 08: 07
              Quote: Mexovoy
              Further develop the thought. Why don't you negotiate?

              as Comrade Stalin said: “death is without theory” We need a correct theoretical justification for actions involving certain consequences. We have a sick Economy, a country with decidedly all the resources, and as yet living specialists in high-tech fields. So - what is the money? Money is one of the quantitative measurements of Cost; Cost is Labor embodied in the product. Labor is a process of interaction between man and nature as a result of which commodity-material values ​​appear. Now let's look around - there are a lot of goods, but there is no work. Goods are made there. Our "work" is the resale of THEIR labor results. Where will the money come from ?? Only from Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserves, Our place in the globalized economy is a source of raw materials, But the place we are pointed to is much worse than what we can take ourselves. This requires the right monetary policy. I am not against gold reserves, but for the government spending money on technologies and their development. With specific responsibility, ONANOTECHNOLOGIES should be at least the death penalty.
    2. +1
      30 August 2017 21: 52
      Quote: vazxnumx
      it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements

      What would modern Stalin do? He would, apart from the frontiers, strengthen the rear. In terms of their own environment. He would shoot ministers destroying education, economics and finances, the Oligarchs would allow them to spend money only in their own country, would strengthen the ideology aimed at developing their own production - it would be indecent to buy imported goods and it would be shameful to produce poor quality, I’m sure Stalin would revive the concept of Honor. A leader would do what real leaders do at all times.
      1. +9
        30 August 2017 22: 26
        Quote: aybolyt678
        The oligarchs would be allowed to spend money only in their own country ...

        And then he would have been banged ...
        1. 0
          31 August 2017 20: 50
          Quote: Golovan Jack
          And then he would have been banged ...

          Officially, there was only one attempt on Stalin. Unofficially two. The second is successful. He banged mainly.
  2. +9
    29 August 2017 15: 40
    Until we turn Russia around the course that the USSR was following, taking into account and comprehending the mistakes that led to the collapse, taking all the best, until then we will be considered an appendage of the West angry
    1. +2
      29 August 2017 20: 59
      Quote: Proton
      Until we turn Russia around the course that the USSR was following,

      soon that time is soon. Maybe not with this generation, But the earth as a planet can no longer cope, humanity has too much biological mass. Planned economy, Planned birth rate is now an urgent need. And in my opinion, development of resource extraction cannot be called development.
    2. +2
      30 August 2017 16: 00
      Quote: Proton
      Until we turn Russia around the course that the USSR was following, taking into account and comprehending mistakes

      in China there is an institute for studying the collapse of the USSR, we have people, still living witnesses,
  3. +4
    29 August 2017 15: 49
    Because "why change something, which already works? That will fall apart to ** yen, then we will think."
    1. The comment was deleted.
  4. +5
    29 August 2017 16: 19
    I wonder where the Soviet power of the engineers came from. teachers, doctors, etc? And on the basis of what was the industrial revolution unfolding in the USSR? On the basis of slogans or industrial enterprises laid down under the kings? Engineers trained sailor Zheleznyak? And the doctors apparently were Razalia Zemlyachka, she had experience in the “treatment” of people. But will the author tell you who and most importantly where (in which camp) were convicts developing aircraft and engines for them? If you look at the biographies of our designers in rocket science, you will be surprised to learn; all the developments in the USSR were made by convicts. So we are eating away the heritage created by our convicts.
    1. +1
      29 August 2017 16: 40
      This is an ingenious economic decision (about a salary), a good apartment, a high salary, all sorts of preferences, etc. etc. And in the "sharashka" the marginal mode of economy and high motivation-will. Well, this is so, if we discard all morality ...
      1. +4
        29 August 2017 20: 56
        Do you know the story of Solzhenitsyn? read it 200 years together
      2. 0
        31 August 2017 20: 38
        odometer

        He answered correctly. In cartoons were super hothouse conditions.
    2. +19
      29 August 2017 17: 07
      Ignorance and lousy articles lead precisely to such naive conclusions.

      Quote: captain
      I wonder where the Soviet power of the engineers came from. teachers, doctors, etc?


      Raised and raised. The principles of education in the Soviet Union were formulated back in 1903 in the RSDLP Program, voiced at the Second Congress of the RSDLP: universal free compulsory education for children of both sexes up to 16 years; the elimination of estate schools and educational restrictions on ethnic grounds; separation of the school from the church; teaching in their native language, etc. A serious problem was the illiteracy of a significant part of the population, especially the peasantry. At the direction of I. Stalin, a deep restructuring of the entire humanities system was undertaken. The number of teachers increased from 384 848 to 1929 / 30. to 1 027 164 in 1938 / 39 The number of higher education institutions in 1932 / 33 was 832, in which 504 000 students studied. And so on. This is the result of hard work aimed at the development of scientific and technological potential.

      Quote: captain
      On the basis of slogans or industrial enterprises laid down under the kings?


      Under the tsar, industrial enterprises were mainly manufacturing and raw materials, with few exceptions. There were very few technological manufactures in RI. German and Swedish turbines, English gyrocompasses and rangefinders were mounted on Russian destroyers, cruisers and battleships. Remember, on which aircraft did Utochkin and Nesterov shine? Newpor, Farman, Bristol-Bulldog, Sopvich, Fokker. England, France, Belgium .., but not Russia.

      Quote: captain
      But will the author tell you who and most importantly where (in which camp) were convicts developing aircraft and engines for them? If you look at the biographies of our designers in rocket science, you will be surprised to learn; all the developments in the USSR were made by convicts. So we are eating away the heritage created by our convicts.


      Old bike. And it concerns only the Stalin period. The fact is that history must be taught in archives, and not in delusional articles. The abundance of designers and engineers in sharashka is explained by the fact that the arrests occurred because aircraft designers wrote denunciations to each other, each praising his plane and drowning the other. But this happened not only with aircraft designers, but was simply a general phenomenon, especially in various circles of scientific and creative intelligentsia. Take at least the biography of our outstanding creator of space rockets S.P. Queen. After all, he sat down on a denunciation. Moreover. It is well known who wrote this denunciation. This is the chief engineer of the Reactive Research Institute (RNII) G.E. Langemak is the protégé of Tukhachevsky himself. Thundering in the jail soon after his patron, in order to save his own skin, he began to write denunciations on his colleagues. One of the first denunciations concerned the Queen. The same denunciation to Korolyov was also written by I.T. Kleimenov (also a protege of Tukhachevsky), with whom Korolev did not get along at the beginning of the 30's, being his deputy.

      "Order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0021 on the organization of the Special Technical Bureau 10 January 1939, Top Secret

      1. To create under the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR a Special Technical Bureau for the use of specialists with special technical knowledge.
      2. To approve the "Regulation on the Special Technical Bureau".
      3. To approve the structure and staff of the Special Technical Bureau.
      4. Leave plant No. 82 at the Special Technical Bureau as an experimental support base.
      5. To the chief of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts, the commissar of state security of the 3 rank, comrade Sumbatov, within one month to provide the Special Bureau with the necessary office space, as well as to allocate M-6 cars for the 1 Special Bureau.

      People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR L. Beria. "

      “The Special Technical Bureau, organized in 1939 under the NKVD of the USSR, currently consists of 7 major production groups:

      1) aircraft industry,
      2) aircraft manufacturing,
      3) shipbuilding,
      4) artillery,
      Xnumx) gunpowder,
      Xnumx) poisonous substances,
      7) armored steels.

      In these groups there are 316 specialists arrested by the NKVD bodies in 1937 – 1938. for participating in anti-Soviet, wrecking, spy-sabotage and other counter-revolutionary organizations. The investigation into the cases of these arrested has been suspended back in 1938 and they are being held in pre-trial detention without conviction.
      It is not advisable to resume the investigation in these cases and bring them to court in the usual manner, because, firstly, it will distract the arrested specialists for a long time from the design of the most important facilities and will actually disrupt the work of the Special Technical Bureau, and secondly, the investigation it will not give essentially positive results due to the fact that the arrested, being for a long time in mutual communication during work, agreed among themselves about the nature of the testimony they gave during the preliminary investigation. Meanwhile, the guilt of those arrested was confirmed during the preliminary investigation by personal confessions of those arrested, testimonies of accomplices (many of whom have already been convicted) and witnesses.

      Based on this, the NKVD of the USSR considers it necessary:

      1) arrested specialists in the amount of 316 people used at work in the State Security Bureau of the NKVD of the USSR, without renewing the investigation, to bring to trial the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR;
      2) depending on the severity of the crime committed, those arrested are divided into three categories: liable to conviction for up to 10 years, up to 15 years and up to 20 years;
      3) assignment to categories to entrust the commission as part of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, the USSR prosecutor, the chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR;
      4) in order to encourage the work of arrested specialists in the security service, to secure them in this work on the design of the most important defense facilities, to give the NKVD of the USSR the right to apply with the petition to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to apply to convicted specialists who have shown themselves to work in the security service as complete parole (that is, parole. - A. M.), as well as reducing the time for serving a sentence. ”
      1. +5
        29 August 2017 19: 47
        Quote: Saburov
        Ignorance and lousy articles lead precisely to such naive conclusions.

        I do not think the author is naive. This is a standard liberal article, where the unproven thesis is thrown: "The economy was at its best, but the nomenclature took and betrayed ...".

        Yeah - the whole nomenclature as one. Wanted, p'animate yourself plants, newspapers, steamboats. Yeah.

        Yes, there was a betrayal of the people in terms of "privatization." But the author reversed the cause and effect.

        The inability to manage the economy (and in the USSR, for a minute, there was classical state capitalism) led to problems and the nomenclature decided to "merge." the more so, they planted a fairy tale about the "market", which will straighten everything out by itself. And they were led.

        One of the problems of the USSR was, oddly enough, the social orientation of labor relations. If you pick up the story, how did you babysit in the 70-80s with truants, drunks, idlers.
        Under Stalin's “repressions,” or rather rigid discipline, the USSR was a little inferior to the West. But then the Western "sweatshops" provided a much higher productivity. The next industrial revolution stealthily crept in the form of robot plants. But the USSR was hopelessly behind and behind.

        And the West found a weak spot - restrictions on advanced technologies.

        Well and a number of factors. So, it’s not worth talking about the “cloudless” economy of the USSR. The model of Soviet planned economy was not bad at all. There were elements of competition and all that was needed. But the country's leadership could not solve a number of key problems. And washed his hands. Not all are those who were at that moment at the helm.
        1. 0
          31 August 2017 20: 50
          Colleague, canadian


          What is state capitalism?

          This is when the state owns the means of production. And the state bears social responsibility. Hence the conclusion. State capitalism is socialism.
          We remove the monetary system and get communism.
      2. +2
        29 August 2017 20: 09
        Dear Saburov. How lucky the Soviet government was with the Americans !!! We arrived in Russian ... sorry, they taught English to our natives from the village. And the children of the villagers were taught English by the sailor Zheleznyak and Leva Zadov. Americans taught !!! You really think when you write. Teachers educated and trained under the king. The program adopted at !! the congress of the RSDLP was able to educate hundreds of thousands of students !!! So who prevented the adoption of the program at the Congress of the CPSU and to provide the population of the USSR with essential goods! Accepted the program and built communism! Everything is so simple. the main thing is to accept the program. Lord save our country from storytellers! Have mercy on our people Lord.
        1. +10
          29 August 2017 21: 26
          Quote: captain
          How lucky the Soviet government was with the Americans !!! We arrived in Russian ... sorry, they taught English to our natives from the village. And the children of the villagers were taught English by the sailor Zheleznyak and Leva Zadov.


          Monarchy tales in our country are based on complete ignorance and on the lack of knowledge of the history of our state.

          Now about teachers and literacy.

          When evaluating these figures, it must be borne in mind that they relate to the color of the male population; moreover, it was not possible to single out the urban population, in which literacy is spread incomparably more than in rural; therefore, in this last percentage of illiterates there should be significantly more, especially if we take into account the entire male population, in which literacy is weaker the older the age. If we take into account the female population, which is larger than the male in the proportion of 103,3 to 100 and which is almost completely illiterate, then the 72,1 figure for 1887 will have to be raised very much. Based on some fairly probable calculations, it will not only achieve, but maybe even surpass 90%
          Source: (Strannolyubsky, A. N. The state of public education in the villages of European Russia. [Report of St. Petersburg Literacy Committee] // Russian School: Zhurn .. - St. Petersburg, 1893. - No. 3-4. - S. 167. - cited from: Rubakin N. A.,. Literacy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 ext.). - SPb., 1890 — 1907.)

          We go further. By 1914, there were 1000 people of the total student population: in Russia 59, in Austria - 143, in the UK - 152, in Germany - 175, in the USA - 213, in France - 148, in Japan - 146 people. The cost of education per capita compared with developed countries was still scanty. In England they amounted to 2 p. 84 c. Per person, in France - 2 p. 11 r., In Germany - 1 r. 89 to., And in Russia - 21 penny. After the revolution 1905 — 1906, the Russo-Japanese War and the reforms of 1906 — 1907. the Duma raises the question of adopting a law on the conduct of universal primary education. In 1906, a bill of the Minister of Education P. von Kaufmann was submitted for consideration. Some provisions of this law were adopted on May 3 of 1908, according to which state funding for MNEs was sharply increased, and paragraph 6 of the law established free (but not universal) primary education. But the discussion of the bill on universal primary education, meanwhile, was postponed several times, and dragged on until the 1912 of the year. 6 June 1912 The State Council finally rejected the bill on universal education. MNP secondary schools at 1913 were represented by male and female educational institutions. Mens: gymnasium −441, gymnasium - 29, real schools - 284, 32 and 27 technical schools. Women's: Gymnasium 873, Gymnasium 92.
          Higher education in 1913 / 1914 was represented by 63 state, public, private and departmental educational institutions of higher education. In 1913 / 1914, 123532 students were enrolled in public, public and private higher schools (of which 71379 were students in public universities). 1917 students studied at Russian Higher School at 135065.

          In state higher education institutions studied:

          Universities −10 (35 695 students)
          Legal - 4 (1036 students)
          Oriental Studies - 3 (270 students)
          Medical - 2 (2592 Students)
          Pedagogical - 4 (894 Students)
          Military and Naval - 8 (1182 Students)
          Theological - 6 (1085 students)
          Engineering - 15 (23329 students)
          Agricultural - 6 (3307 students)
          Veterinary - 4 (1729 students)
          Artistic - 1 (260 Students)

          Sources: Russia 1913 year. Statistical and documentary reference book of St. Petersburg 1995; XIV. EDUCATION. EDUCATION. THE SCIENCE. PRINTING; 2. Higher school in Russia., "The standard of living of the population in Russia in the late XIX - early XX centuries" // Moscow University Physics Bulletin. 8 Series. Story. 2003. No. 1. - S.55 - 70., “Statistical Yearbooks of Russia” (edited by Director of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs N.N. Belyavsky) for 1908-1913., Saprykin D. L. “Educational potential of the Russian Empire” (IET RAS, M ., 2009), Oldenburg S. S. The reign of Emperor Nicholas II. - Belgrade. 1939. Reprinted: M.: Phoenix, 1992, Reform Program of P. A. Stolypin., Documents and Materials. On the Introduction of Universal Primary Education in the Russian Empire T. 1 M.: Russian Political Encyclopedia, 2002. Golubtsova M.A. Moscow School of the Catherine Era // Moscow in its past and present. - Part 8. - M.: Education, 1911 year. - S. 3-20., Rubakin N.A.,. Literacy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 ext.). - SPb., 1890 — 1907

          I can give you another thousand facts. But the essence is the same, in the Republic of Ingushetia there were not as many teachers as were required even for half of the entire empire. And if you take into account how many teachers and teachers emigrated from Russia, then there remains a shish, but not much.

          PS If you need (since you so want the truth from the tsar’s archives) tables and photocopies of originals and documents: “Statistical Yearbooks of Russia” (edited by Director of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs NN Belyavsky) for 1908-1913. Link to photocopies of the original: http://istmat.info/node/21366

          History is studied in archives or not studied at all.
          1. +4
            29 August 2017 21: 28
            Quote: captain
            So who prevented the adoption of the program at the Congress of the CPSU and to provide the population of the USSR with essential goods! Accepted the program and built communism! Everything is so simple. The main thing is to accept the program.


            Human greed and greed which is inherent in man.
          2. 0
            31 August 2017 07: 06
            Quote: Saburov
            But the essence is the same, in the Republic of Ingushetia there were not as many teachers as needed even for half of the whole empire

            Then where did they come from?
            1. 0
              1 September 2017 11: 42
              That's the thing of nowhere. They simply were sorely lacking. Therefore, the policy to support the educational system and the training of scientific personnel was accelerated and accelerated.
              1. 0
                1 September 2017 16: 10
                Quote: Saburov
                Therefore, support policies were accelerated and accelerated.

                You can make any decisions you like, but "frames decide everything." So the stories that the Bolsheviks had come and changed the whole country in a matter of years look somewhat exaggerated.
                1. 0
                  1 September 2017 20: 34
                  Quote: Dart2027
                  You can make any decisions you like, but "frames decide everything." So the stories that the Bolsheviks had come and changed the whole country in a matter of years look somewhat exaggerated.


                  No one talks about a few years. The situation with literacy and staff began to change dramatically in the 30's. But fact is fact. The Bolsheviks did not put off this question. Such issues were resolved very quickly. Since without this, the country simply would not have survived, and besides, they fulfilled their pre-revolutionary promises. Unlike the blunt-headed government of RI.

                  In 1906, a bill of the Minister of Education P. von Kaufmann was submitted for consideration. Some provisions of this law were adopted on May 3 of 1908, according to which state funding for MNEs was sharply increased, and paragraph 6 of the law established free (but not universal) primary education. But the discussion of the bill on universal primary education, meanwhile, was postponed several times, and dragged on until the 1912 of the year. 6 June 1912 The State Council finally rejected the bill on universal education.
    3. +7
      29 August 2017 20: 36
      From tsarist Russia, mainly fleet, agriculture and railways remained, because we remember that tsarist Russia was mainly an agrarian country with a completely illiterate population. The lag behind the West was in everything, including due to the fact that most of the high-tech industries in tsarist Russia belonged to Western companies (Siemens as an example). By the way, the situation with the Crimea and turbines reminds of that time. Not without reason, Stalin said that the path to the formation of entire branches of the national economy and industrialization in the country should be run at lightning speed. If the NEP freeman had not been suppressed and at least some order had been put in place, then there would have been no tanks or planes. It would be like now. Eternal transfers of dates from T50, T14, etc. And the USSR did not have nuclear weapons from the USSR from Tsarist Russia. And if the USSR did not create its tanks and planes, there would be nothing to fight back from Germany. If we didn’t create an atomic bomb, we would get new Hiroshima from our cities. I often ride the subway and by train and most of them, like the stations, are also built in the USSR. Strange how so. Until now, there is no replacement of rolling stock even in the Moscow metro. So do not compare opu with your finger.
      1. +2
        29 August 2017 21: 09
        You at least take an interest. what place did Russia occupy in GDP in 1913? I recommend reading Krupskaya’s speech at one of the congresses of the CPSU (B), I don’t remember the date, like in 1929. she says. that it’s a shame, the Red Army is less literate than the soldiers in the Tsar’s Army (in the Tsar’s army and 75% of the soldiers were literate). Dear, in Russia there were more students at 100 thousand students than in France without colonies, and here we have the population of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Lord deliver us from the people who blaspheme our people, we will choose ourselves from the rest. The Bolsheviks are no different from the liberals. for them, all that shit did without them, and the people are illiterate. In 1913 we took 4-th place in the world in industrial production. Well, read in addition to the short course of the CPSU (B) something else.
        1. +8
          29 August 2017 21: 57
          Quote: captain
          (in the tsarist army and 75% of the soldiers were literate).


          You probably got this nonsense from this (http://echo.msk.ru/blog/fedor/951266-echo/) science fiction writer? Who even gave references to historical works, but apparently because of his stupidity he was too lazy to see at least one document. And this science fiction writer by the name of Borya Romanov (as much as laughter parses) gave the exact opposite figures, he apparently thought that no one would look into these links, and would they believe the word?


          Unfortunately, we have to upset the monarchy lovers. The fact is that there is a good document called N. Rubakin.,. Literacy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 ext.). - SPb., 1890 — 1907 year and General conscription in the Russian Empire for the first decade // Statistical Temp., Series III, no. 12, St. Petersburg 1886.

          According to the Central Statistical Committee, the percentage of illiterate recruits in Russia has changed from 78,66% in 1874 to 74,22% in 1877. (General military service in the Russian Empire for the first decade // Statistical Temporary, series III, issue 12, St. Petersburg. 1886 year). There are a lot of documents of that time stored in the Garf and Central Internal Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and even posted on the network, but you are apparently too lazy to check the information ... ignorance is now in fashion.
          Here you have at least Wikipedia (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0
          %D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_
          %D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%
          D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2)

          PS Lord monarchists! Do you at least sometimes reinforce your sick imagination (or rather someone else's from monarchy books) with facts! The stories of "eyewitnesses", "accomplices", grandparents about the "bright" royal past are not considered at all! Here are links to the "TSAR" documents!

          Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary Year of publication: 1890-1907 (http://www.runivers.ru/lib/book3182/)

          General conscription in the Russian Empire for the first decade of 1874-1883 (http://search.rsl.ru/en/record/01003547399)

          1. 0
            30 August 2017 09: 59
            Saburov, why are you so petty, you need to take not 1883, but at least 1612, then the difference will be even more significant. Well done, you are a true Leninist comrade. Incidentally, labeling is a favorite activity of the Bolsheviks. Your leader gave the correct assessment of the intelligentsia, calling it the Russian word r ... many.
            1. +4
              30 August 2017 10: 21
              Quote: captain
              Saburov, why are you so petty, you need to take not 1883, but at least 1612, then the difference will be even more significant. Well done, you are a true Leninist comrade. Incidentally, labeling is a favorite activity of the Bolsheviks. Your leader gave the correct assessment of the intelligentsia, calling it the Russian word r ... many.


              As I understand it, the facts are hard for you. No strength, push on the eye! It’s familiar.

              All your statements do not have any reasoned ground at all.

              Quote: captain
              You at least take an interest. what place did Russia occupy in GDP in 1913?


              Interested in archives. Already a hundred times economists and historians of all stripes have checked everything. In 1912, the national per capita income in Russia was 110 rubles. gold, in Germany - 300 rubles, England - 500, USA - 720. Industry is growing in 1913, but the country remains peasant (in the cities of 16% of the population, the number of proletarians is almost 4.2 million people, when in Germany the population of the city is 43,7%, in England - 51,5%).
              The economic crisis 1899 – 1903 interrupted the growth of Russia, closed 3 thousand factories and plants, increased the concentration of production, promoted the formation of large syndicates (Prodamet, Prodparovoz, Prodvagon), strengthened the position of foreign capital (mainly French). Industry grew due to monopolization, in this indicator Russia is ahead of Germany and the United States.
              The right-wing conservatives satisfied the predominance in the export of bread, the goal was declared "to hold all the grain trade in Europe in hands and make Europe completely dependent on our bread wealth." Thus, in the nineteenth century. Russia survived 40 hunger strikes. In the twentieth century. were hungry 1901 / 02 gg., 1905; 1906; 1907; 1908 g .; 1911 / 12 In the 1901-1902 years, the 49 provinces were starving, in the 1905; 1906; 1907; 1908 starved from 19 to 29 provinces, in 1911-1912 years. for 2 years, famine swept 60 provinces. 30 million people were on the brink of death. According to various estimates in 1901-1912 years. about 8 million people died from hunger and its consequences. The tsarist government was most concerned about how to hide the scale of hunger strikes. In the press, censorship forbade the use of the word hunger, replacing it with the word "infirmity." Nicholas II sharply curtailed the rights of zemstvos to combat hunger, and in 1911 and 1912 completely prohibited the participation of zemstvos, the Red Cross, and charitable organizations in helping the starving. Where do the allegations come from that Russia produced more grain than other countries combined? After all, in the 1913 year, the United States produced 96 million tons of grain - more than Russia. In total production, Russia was in the 2 place after the United States, while per capita production put it in the 5 place. If we take European countries, as well as Australia and Canada, then Russia was thrown into the 2 ten and even lower. It is necessary to pay attention to the figures characterizing the production of grain per capita. England, France, Germany, producing grain of less than 500 kg per capita, were its importers. USA, Canada, Argentina, producing 800-1200 kg of grain per capita exported it. And only Russia, producing less than 500 kg (the norm of self-sufficiency in production grain) of grain per capita, exported it. Those. export went at the expense of dooming part of the population to malnutrition and hunger.
              1. +2
                30 August 2017 10: 40
                Quote: captain
                In 1913 we took 4-th place in the world in industrial production.


                This is such an old monarchy bike! First of all, Russia even lagged behind the USA, England, Germany and France in industrial production volumes. Its share in the total industrial production of the five above-mentioned powers was only 4,2%. In global production in 1913, Russia's share was 1,72%. An undoubted fact is the slowdown in Russia's industrial growth on the eve of World War I compared with the end of the 19th century. In 1901 — 1903 there was a drop in production. But even in 1905 — 1914. the rate of increase in industrial production was several times lower than in the 1890-ies. Slowdown of industrial growth at the beginning of XX century. it did not mean that there was no demand for industrial products, but a significant part of this demand was covered by imports. As the English economist M. Miller pointed out, throughout this period there was a rapid increase in imports of machinery and equipment from Germany, and therefore only for the period from 1902 to 1906. on 1913, imports from Germany grew 2 times. At the same time, even in the development of basic industries, Russia lagged significantly behind the leading European countries. For example, metal production in Russia in 1912 was 28 kg per person, and in Germany - 156 kg, that is, 5,5 times more. As for the more complex and knowledge-intensive industries, the lag there was much greater. As pointed out by N. Rozhkov, his industrial engineering and production of means of production (machine tools and equipment) in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. actually did not exist.
                The shipbuilding industry was poorly developed: about 50% of all ships were bought abroad and there was the practice of purchasing a lead ship abroad and the subsequent licensed construction of a series on it in their shipyards and also on Russian destroyers, cruisers and battleships, there were German and Swedish turbines, English gyrocompass and rangefinders .. New industries - auto and aircraft manufacturing - only began to develop shortly before the First World War, but here Russia has lagged significantly behind the leading Western countries. So, during the First World War, Russia produced 4 times fewer aircraft than Germany, France or England. In addition, almost 90% of Russian aircraft were equipped with imported engines, despite the fact that the engine was the most high-tech design element, and its price was more than 50% of the cost of the aircraft.
                From 70% to 100% of production capacities in most industries on the eve of World War I controlled foreign capital, to a large extent - French.

                PS Everything is already studied and rummaged! And attempts to change everything upside down fail. Be smarter, check the information, especially from fiction and unscientific fiction.

                Sources: “Statistical Yearbooks of Russia” (edited by Director of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs NN Belyavsky) for 1908-1913gg. Yearbooks of world statistics by S. Zap "Socio-political tables of all countries of the world" of the publishing house "Cooperation" Moscow. So, 1908-1913 years. Sanitary statistics E.A. Osipov, P.I. Kurkin 1908-1913. Pokrovsky M. Russian history since ancient times. With the participation of N. Nikolsky and V. Storozhev. Moscow, 1911, vol. III, p. 117, Revolution and Civil War in Russia: 1917 — 1923 Encyclopedia in 4 volumes. - Moscow: Terra, 2008. - T. 3. - S. 542. - 560 sec. - (Big Encyclopedia). Arens E.I. Russian Fleet. Historical sketch of St. Petersburg: 1904 g., I. Zashuk. Russian fleet. Reference book for land officers - St. Petersburg, 1912, Blum J. Lord and Peasant in Russia. From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. New York, 1964, p. 286, Miller M. The Economic Development of Russia, 1905 — 1914. With special reference to Trade, Industry and Finance. London, 1967, p. Xnumx
        2. +6
          29 August 2017 22: 22
          Quote: captain
          I don’t remember the date, like in 1929

          freak)) 0 Volodya)))
          Quote: captain
          there were more students per 100 thousand in Russia than in France without

          Significantly so, in RI the urban population made up 13% for the notorious 15th year!
          Ento time !!!
          Of these, literate 5%; and semi-literate are those who could dunk a finger ishsho 10% !!!
          The peasantry until 1905-07 could be subjected to corporal punishment, for those who were recruited into the army, this was the only social elevator in life!
          If you are not completely frostbitten, then look at the topic of revolutionary sailors (the elite from the called peasantry), the uprising of cruisers, fleets, etc.
          And if you say that some kind of lower rank shot the officer, then I will tell you that the same lower ranks on the Varyag .....
          1. +1
            30 August 2017 09: 18
            Sling cutter
            In the 1927 year at the Fifteenth Congress of the CPSU (B.), Krupskaya stated in her speech that the literacy of conscripts in the twenty-seventh year was significantly inferior to the literacy of the draft 1917 of the year.
        3. 0
          30 August 2017 07: 45
          Quote: captain
          You at least take an interest. what place did Russia occupy by GDP in 1913

          she took a place, BUT! releasing cannons purchased shells for them in England. And so everywhere, Russia was dependent on Western investment, and this influenced political decisions.
      2. +1
        30 August 2017 00: 34
        "Riding" .... Masterpiece wassat
        The 90s was a failure, but now they are building the metro faster than under the Soviets, in Moscow at least.
        1. +1
          30 August 2017 10: 39
          Do not forget that under the advice of the metro was built not only in Moscow, but also in many other cities. Where now at least one station per year is being introduced besides MSC? So all these Sobyaninsky agitation is a kind of half-truth. And the rolling stock still cannot be replaced with modern ones even in the MSC, not to mention the province ...
    4. 0
      30 August 2017 07: 54
      On the basis of slogans or industrial enterprises laid down under the kings? you don’t know history at all ... just 90% of the population is brainwashed, so there will be no reversal to another economy.
  5. +11
    29 August 2017 17: 07
    All the gazelles that are now produced at the GAZ plant, only because the author writes that the plant was built by the Soviet government ... And the Ford corporation, which supplied us with all the equipment and project documentation, trained our workers and engineers, hundreds of American engineers and technicians who helped to create the famous Emki and a lorry have nothing to do with it? It's just offhand ....
    All the same, paying tribute to the achievements of the Soviet regime, one must not lose the sense of proportion - "spring has passed, summer has come, thanks to the party for this", "our transistors are the largest" - this is also from Soviet folklore as a reaction to immoderate enthusiasm and cheers .
    1. +8
      29 August 2017 20: 46
      Quote: ranger
      hundreds of American engineers and technicians who helped create the famous Emki and one and a half

      However, the USSR paid for this work. This is a lesson to us. Instead of purchasing technology, we purchase foreign cars, instead of machine tools for the production of machine tools, we purchase spare parts. Instead of paying the labor of hundreds of specialists, we are paying the labor of hundreds of millions of Chinese workers lol
    2. +1
      30 August 2017 10: 24
      And I have another example. On gas instead of the Volga, in the good modern capitalist times, the Volga Cyber ​​was launched. She's a Crysler Sebring. Well, how long has this been going on? Was it possible to localize the model and transfer the population to it, or at least officials. Not. But the Soviet government set up factories in a clean field and started the production of trucks, and then cars. What does it have with a quick transition to all domestic components. And the point here is not that someone helped and delivered the equipment, but because the country needed trucks. Lots of trucks. And in order to survive, the state created the automobile industry, which in tsarist Russia was more like a garage cooperative for assembling small-scale models.
  6. The comment was deleted.
    1. +10
      29 August 2017 18: 56
      Do you have an aggravation? So autumn has not yet begun. Who had the USSR in slavery? Or who, in your opinion, was a slave in the USSR?
      1. +10
        29 August 2017 19: 03
        Quote: zulusuluz
        Or who, in your opinion, was a slave in the USSR?

        So he was, he collected bottles in garbage cans not otherwise. wassat
        1. +1
          29 August 2017 20: 41
          Quote: 79807420129
          So he was, he collected bottles in garbage cans not otherwise. wassat

          But who threw these bottles away? and there were many of them. what was enough for everyone
    2. +4
      30 August 2017 00: 41
      Soviet watches were no worse than Swiss, Switzerland bought them.
  7. +7
    29 August 2017 17: 48
    With a president like Gorbachev, it was impossible not to lose - a demagogue and a traitor. The need for reform is difficult to challenge, reforms were needed, but not at that price and not so stupid. They dragged the whole country for a penny and ruined the defense potential, the most valuable of what was.
    1. +1
      29 August 2017 18: 52
      people have a leader they deserve
      1. +2
        29 August 2017 20: 40
        Quote: here you go
        people have a leader they deserve

        And he is not a national leader. This is a batch product. Inbreeding and mutant. The top party wanted Western Chic! She got it. Now it is an oligarchy. The party broke away from the people after the death of Stalin, Inertia turned out to be very strong and until 1968 we could compare ourselves with America in development.
      2. +10
        29 August 2017 21: 03
        Quote: here you go
        people have a leader they deserve

        Sorry. Gorbachev chose the "people"? Or did he come from somewhere else?

        I have seen more than one “election” under the Union. I assure you, it was an even more boring picture than it is now.
    2. +2
      29 August 2017 20: 17
      Dear vlad007. President Gorbachev (just in case, Secretary General of the CPSU) was elected at the III Congress of Deputies of the USSR on 15 on March 1990. He was elected by people's deputies! He did not come. Secretary General of the CPSU he was elected at a congress of the CPSU. And Gorbachev did not ruin the USSR, it was ruined by the CPSU with its ideology, national and economic policy, and foreign policy.
  8. +4
    29 August 2017 19: 02
    The Soviet project of a planned economy is a brilliant invention, but the problem of this project was that for its implementation it was necessary not arithmometers in the State Planning Commission, in the planning departments of the largest factories not dozens of officials, again with arithmometers, but the latest computer technologies connected into a single state network, local internet.
    Decisions were late and a heap of managerial errors led to a severe shock to the Soviet Union. I mean the 1989 miner riot.
    Well, then everything slipped along the slope.
    1. 0
      29 August 2017 20: 35
      Quote: Mikhail Anokhin
      I mean the 1989 miner riot

      are there any Anglo-Saxon trace?
  9. +10
    29 August 2017 19: 15
    I can still name what has been done by modern Russia, and specifically this education, ideology - become rich at all costs, a whole class of rich people who are not squeamish about wiping their feet about those who do not steal !!
    This is an ugly, caricature imitation of the West with its unified USE. It is thanks to this new word in the History of Russia that children really cannot read, do not know the multiplication tables, and lawyers cannot answer the question about the Constitution of Russia.
    The ideology of perverted wealth! Children of officials and businessmen driving expensive cars, knocking and crippling random people openly despise the population of the country in which their parents earn money. Moreover, they are so much protected by money that they are not afraid to spread it all on the net and brag their "exploits"!
    A new and certainly ugly class of wealthy people with a perverted understanding of human values!
    From the text you might think that I’m some kind of old communist, but to be honest it’s just my observation, although I’m more and more surprised at my position, it really resembles the communist line
    1. 0
      29 August 2017 20: 40
      In in. Reasoning correctly.
      1. 0
        30 August 2017 00: 46
        Not really, read Shalamov, it's worse than it is now.
        1. 0
          2 September 2017 12: 38
          Quote: Mu Diazwon
          read Shalamov

          Varlam Shalamov, Solzhenitsyn is one team. I repeat, read Solzhenitsyn 200 years together, he crosses out all his "creativity".
  10. +2
    29 August 2017 19: 32
    Quote: Mikhail Anokhin
    The Soviet project of a planned economy is a brilliant invention, but the problem of this project was that for its implementation it was necessary not arithmometers in the State Planning Commission, in the planning departments of the largest factories not dozens of officials, again with arithmometers, but the latest computer technologies connected into a single state network, local internet.
    Decisions were late and a heap of managerial errors led to a severe shock to the Soviet Union. I mean the 1989 miner riot.
    Well, then everything slipped along the slope.


    totally agree with you. The USSR is a guest from the future, ideas are ahead of technology hi
    1. +10
      29 August 2017 20: 39
      There were enough technologies in the Union. Khrushchev, I remember, was against it - he wanted to steer manually. And there was an idea - such as electronic government, with a tie to the State Planning Commission. But - you never know what, do not.
    2. +1
      30 August 2017 00: 49
      A guest from the past rather smacked of feudalism, and sometimes even slavery (Gulag).
      1. 0
        30 August 2017 07: 50
        Quote: Mu Diazwon
        A guest from the past rather smacked of feudalism, and sometimes even slavery (Gulag).

        Where are the numbers? only from the source please
  11. +3
    29 August 2017 19: 44
    The article is fair, but useless (don’t be offended, author). And because I personally have already read and reread such articles .. And it is about the legacy of the USSR that we all use .. Even here in VO a couple of months ago there was something like that .. Although on the other hand it is an emotion .. It is also necessary to pour it out. .
    1. +2
      29 August 2017 20: 25
      Quote: Alexey Sobolev
      The article is fair, but useless

      Once again to think, you can’t forget this, the question is - is it possible to usefully at least restore something?
  12. +3
    29 August 2017 20: 21
    Some kind of crying Yaroslavna ... Lenin also got everything that the kings did before him, the kings something like princes, etc. Further downstream? To the five canthrops?
  13. +3
    29 August 2017 20: 23
    forgot something. A huge number of different markets, bowling alleys, etc. built from the skeletons of Soviet enterprises. And you also forgot about Genetic Engineering, the industrial branch of genetics that the Party defined as the cornerstone of the development of agriculture, and this industry has incorporated the most ingenious and complex engineering achievements. Not a single corporation could afford the research and implementation of such achievements. The Soviet government and the Party incurred the costs. It is no accident that physicists and genetics fled to perestroika to the West. And US law prohibits the development and implementation of GMOs, except those developed before 96. GMOs are Soviet achievements not implemented in our country. The disinformation company does not find any worthy arguments except that it is not known what is dangerous. 80% of GMOs are produced in the United States and partly because of them, the States are thriving. And this is also Soviet achievements introduced overseas !!
  14. +3
    29 August 2017 20: 51
    Skolkovo is generally a misunderstanding ...

    Analogs, as always - no!
  15. +4
    29 August 2017 21: 03
    "-Tell me at least one large factory built in the post-Soviet period."
    But why build them, if it is possible to reconstruct, which was done with hundreds of plants, several hydropower plants were put into operation, why the author is silent about two dozen large bridges built since 2000, the main line, the port of Primorsk built from scratch, huge stadiums and other sports facilities with infrastructure at For some reason, the author doesn’t count, although they are much larger and larger than the ones built in Moscow for the Olympics. Yes, did the light industry work in the USSR, did it just produce? Why did the people prefer everything imported? Czechoslovak shoes, Yugoslav furniture, Finnish plumbing, Japanese electronics etc. How is it ... a reminder of the greatness of the USSR, where even books and toilet paper were in line.
    1. 0
      30 August 2017 00: 53
      I agree with you.
      1. 0
        30 August 2017 07: 55
        Quote: Mu Diazwon
        For some reason people preferred everything imported

        people wanted to import, but it was difficult to get it.
        Quote: Mu Diazwon
        Shoes Czechoslovak, furniture Yugoslav
        until 1968, the CMEA industry lagged behind the Union industry, and since 1968 oil exports increased sharply, respectively, the party tops began to sleep more calmly, even during working hours and the CMEA countries developed the production of shoes here and went skew
  16. +11
    29 August 2017 21: 25
    About the stew, made "under the Soviet" - it is well said. Only in the USSR it was impossible to buy stew, from the word "completely". (I answer for my words, because the city of Rybinsk, where NPO Saturn, belonged to the "starving Volga Region" in the 70 and 80 years and I know how empty the shelves in the stores were. The term is about the Volga region from those times). Therefore, when the people lured 50 with sausages and not Uralmash, which you can’t put on a sandwich, he (the people) joyfully rushed into the abyss of the market. So thanks to the CPSU ("leading and directing force"), which in the 70 years was engaged in the industry of group "A" (production of means of production), but did not do a damn to meet the needs of the people. Single emissions of the "deficit" (remember the magnificent miniature of A. Raikin) led only to bursts and bitterness. And the victorious nation was worth more than standing in lines for sausage, tights, boots, etc. (the list, which then did not live in Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, may continue by itself)
    1. +2
      29 August 2017 23: 23
      Well then, the USSR provided half of the world for loyalty, you live very well for thanks and 70 percent of the budget was spent on defense.
    2. 0
      30 August 2017 07: 57
      Quote: nnz226
      CPSU ("leading and directing force"), which in the 70s was engaged in the industry of group "A" (production of means of production), but did not do a damn to meet the needs of the people.

      They became interested in oil in the 70s and only A really Stalin was engaged in group A.
  17. +5
    29 August 2017 21: 37
    , Show me at least one large factory built in the post-Soviet period. "=
    Yes please; http: //businesslife.today/news/kakie-n
    ovye-zavody-otkryli-v-rf /
    - "[i] Your TV only works because the Soviet government completed electrification, built thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations and nuclear power plants, power lines and television centers, including Ostankino, the country's main television center.
    Your computer also works because the Soviet government electrified and built power lines [i]. "
    Complete nonsense. One would think if there had been no revolution, we would still be sitting without light.
    [bAlmost all the large factories that operate to this day were also built in Soviet times. [/ b]
    And it’s nothing that the Soviet government inherited the factories built under the tsar’s rule, as well as the buildings of many institutes, schools, ports. And what would the Soviets do at the source of industry if they weren’t helped by tsarist and foreign engineers, the Schwonders would do business. Without the same machines who bought for gold abroad. I haven’t seen the stupid article on VO yet.
  18. +2
    29 August 2017 23: 29
    Quote: Stroporez
    Quote: vazxnumx
    it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements

    You, sorry, from what year?
    Or you overslept something. You slept 25 years in a liturgical dream.
    What is left of the Soviet heritage? Maybe Buran? Maybe Red Hammer factory?
    Or maybe thousands and thousands of factories? Could it be heavy engineering? Or machine-tool industry? Maybe sea and river shipping companies? Maybe civil aviation?
    What is left then?
    Yes, no fig left !!! There is nothing but oil-gas-coal mining and wood-quarrying offshore industry ..
    SCA putinoids will come up and get upset and start to mantra about the su -35 and superpuppet jets, about the sale of grains and impotent substitution, about the fight against corruption since 1999 ...
    Interestingly, the "wake-up" elbows with knees still do not hurt, or are you used to it?
    Mdyayaya, patiently endured than ours, it is difficult to imagine .....

    Weapons that are in the arsenal of the Russian army are not made in American factories ... wassat
  19. +1
    30 August 2017 01: 05
    There was no economy in the USSR. No meat, no milk, nothing.
    Only party members lived well, selling in specials. stores with western goods. Not forgetting, of course, to brand the west.
    Nothing changed.
    1. 0
      30 August 2017 07: 58
      why was there a livestock, but there was less meat. But now the Russian meat is not a problem !!
      1. +3
        30 August 2017 09: 37
        Quote: aybolyt678
        why was the livestock but there was less meat.

        There were livestock, but we went to communism with such leaps and bounds that this livestock could not keep up with us ... wassat
        1. 0
          30 August 2017 09: 55
          yes - yes, unfortunately, I can’t understand what it was
        2. +1
          30 August 2017 14: 01
          At a collective farm meeting: - "Comrades, we practically stand with one foot in communism!"
          Grandfather from the audience: - "And how long will we stand in a hot dog?" lol
  20. +1
    30 August 2017 02: 24
    Quote: From the Nile to the Euphrates
    There was no economy in the USSR. No meat, no milk, nothing.
    Only party members lived well, selling in specials. stores with western goods. Not forgetting, of course, to brand the west.
    Nothing changed.

    Let me admire you! Your knowledge is simply amazing! wassat fool
  21. +2
    30 August 2017 03: 56
    Quote: Stroporez
    Quote: vazxnumx
    it is necessary to preserve the Soviet industrial heritage - plants and power plants and modernize them in accordance with modern requirements

    You, sorry, from what year?
    Or you overslept something. You slept 25 years in a liturgical dream.
    What is left of the Soviet heritage? Maybe Buran? Maybe Red Hammer factory?
    Or maybe thousands and thousands of factories? Could it be heavy engineering? Or machine-tool industry? Maybe sea and river shipping companies? Maybe civil aviation?
    What is left then?
    Yes, no fig left !!! There is nothing but oil-gas-coal mining and wood-quarrying offshore industry ..
    SCA putinoids will come up and get upset and start to mantra about the su -35 and superpuppet jets, about the sale of grains and impotent substitution, about the fight against corruption since 1999 ...
    Interestingly, the "wake-up" elbows with knees still do not hurt, or are you used to it?
    Mdyayaya, patiently endured than ours, it is difficult to imagine .....

    Uncle, did you bother to read the article? Or is your liberalist brain unable to accept this information?
  22. +3
    30 August 2017 05: 03
    Another obscure article created from scratch. How some authors like to search for a topic for an article to launch some incorrect fact. For example, "They say that cows do not give milk" .. And it begins ...
    And here it is
    "So now say that there is nothing left of the USSR and 70 years of hard work have been wasted." Who is saying something?
    Half of the world is littered with debris of Soviet weapons, and the second half uses weapons made at factories that have survived from the Soviet era.
    The economy was just what it did, then after it left ....
    1. 0
      31 August 2017 20: 36
      Quote: tasha
      Another incomprehensible article created from scratch

      The article was not created from scratch, it was created on the ruins of the USSR, take a look or do you live in Moscow?
  23. +4
    30 August 2017 09: 21
    The author, better tell me how to explain to my daughter that in order to buy a good book you need to hand in 10 kg of waste paper or 20 rags or to change the channels on the TV (and there were 2 channels) you need pliers. And to buy good vegetables and fruits you need to go to the market, because there was rot in the store. And if you want a phone in the apartment, you need to stand in line for 5-10 years, and to buy a wardrobe, you need to record it in advance for 1,5 years. Or why in GREAT you need to bring 2 bags of grass from school holidays? And why did I try bananas for the first time when I was 10 and when I was in Moscow? HOW can I explain this insanity? The biggest and most fat plus is the education system, you can’t argue with that. (and kvass good )
  24. +1
    30 August 2017 09: 21
    The collapse of the USSR was carried out quickly so that the people did not have time to come to their senses and even did not take into account the results of the referendum on the preservation of the USSR, the people's property under the leadership of Chubais, Gaidar Nemtsov was distributed to Rotenbergs, Vekselbergs, Abramovichs
  25. +1
    30 August 2017 09: 32
    And Putin, without whom some cannot imagine the future of Russia, was also once made in the USSR,

    And Lenin did not study at the Sovdep school, and he received his education from the same tsarist regime, as indeed did most revolutionaries and military leaders.
    Every day we take advantage of what remains of the Soviet Union, we just don’t notice it

    Including the image of cattle and drunkards inherited from this union, we still disentangle for this stereotype.
    1. 0
      31 August 2017 20: 33
      Quote: staviator
      Including the image of cattle and drunkards inherited from this union, we still disentangle for this stereotype.

      drinkers are personalities that change not their reality but their perception thereof. those. She did not suit them. I found the Soviet era, and I remember that in every team it was like that. They fought with him, they could not fire him, because the specialist is sooo good. But this does not compare with modern beer consumption.
  26. +1
    30 August 2017 11: 05
    No need to initialize the USSR.
    In 2015, 85 lemons were built square housing, in 1990 - 61.
  27. +1
    30 August 2017 11: 10
    The whole question is not whether the Soviet system was more ideal than the modern one, but that the work created by the labor of millions of Soviet citizens was privatized by a handful of oligarchs and mediocre continues to squander for green papers. All modern capitalism has not led to prosperous prosperity and an effective economic model. Joyful videos about achievements are sung on TV, but in fact, for some reason, all achievements come down to the introduction of Plato, toll roads, higher tariffs, freezing pensions, etc. And if before there was no such freedom to buy and sell, then at least in the country there was free medicine, education, and the same plane tickets could be bought without pants. Now, for some reason, rest in Crimea costs the same as in Egypt, gasoline costs as in the states at a lower income level, etc. by the list. In general, the list can be continued for a long time. But the essence is simple. Without having laid down the CPSU, they came up with the Edro and are rowing loot from the bowels of the people.
  28. +2
    30 August 2017 11: 23
    Some nonsense, but an article. Nagging!
    Yes, much has been built and done around me in the USSR, but even that which has nothing to do with the USSR is even greater. The USSR also did not create a state in an empty place, driving wild tribes into heaps.
    And besides a large number of positive moments, the USSR brought a lot of negative ones into our lives. I am even inclined to believe that the fact that we now live is sometimes not very good, it is the USSR’s legacy that is to blame.

    PS:
    Vasily Fedorchenko


    It seems to us that it was better before ...
    It seems to us that it was better before:
    Friendly people, more fun life,
    More nutritious bread, gardens - more generous, odorous,
    Kind and timely rain;

    People’s gait is slimmer and easier
    The eyes are radiant, and the words are warmer;
    Manners and more beautiful, and more cordial,
    And a cleaner world in the soul and on the earth;

    The order and deeds of honest more;
    And we were more needed for the country.
    And most importantly - we were all younger
    Though so sometimes naive and funny!
    1. 0
      30 August 2017 13: 54
      - "Do not be afraid of the drunkard of your nose,
      he is with the red banner of the color of one "
      (I. Huberman) drinks
  29. 0
    30 August 2017 12: 51
    The Soviet economy ensured the survival of the Soviet people (and not only). Economics is not a game.
    1. 0
      30 August 2017 21: 18
      Indeed, the Soviet economy provided, but not primarily its citizens, but foreign ones.
      1. 0
        31 August 2017 20: 26
        this is now buying imported cars, telephones and rags, we provide foreign workers with a salary. And I propose to look at the Soviet economy from the following side: Imagine two countries in one; 1 million people live in another; 10 million live in one and the other to give new technology, for example, a car, or a computer. in 15 years, where will there be more progress in the development of that same technology? The answer is obvious ..
        1. +1
          1 September 2017 21: 54
          "It is now buying imported cars, telephones and rags that we provide foreign workers with a salary." This is the “import” that we are buying now - more than half is produced in Russia, with localization of production from 30 percent or more and taxes from this production are paid by companies under a foreign brand to our budget - it becomes unprofitable to carry goods from abroad. In the USSR, almost all breakthrough technologies and inventions took shape on the shelf and after the collapse, the guys — those who created and invented all this, dusted off these shelves, took their achievements and left abroad with them.
  30. +2
    30 August 2017 18: 20
    The Soviet economy lost to its top bourgeois.
  31. +1
    31 August 2017 01: 18
    Quote: staviator
    The author, better tell me how to explain to my daughter that in order to buy a good book you need to hand in 10 kg of waste paper or 20 rags or to change the channels on the TV (and there were 2 channels) you need pliers. And to buy good vegetables and fruits you need to go to the market, because there was rot in the store. And if you want a phone in the apartment, you need to stand in line for 5-10 years, and to buy a wardrobe, you need to record it in advance for 1,5 years. Or why in GREAT you need to bring 2 bags of grass from school holidays? And why did I try bananas for the first time when I was 10 and when I was in Moscow? HOW can I explain this insanity? The biggest and most fat plus is the education system, you can’t argue with that. (and kvass good )

    ... and your stomach, because you have it, as I understand it, replaces the head! I don’t even want to polemicize with you on this topic - it is useless when you have a stomach instead of a head, so you don’t bother with an answer to me ... sad
  32. +1
    31 August 2017 18: 58
    Thanks to the author. Very clear.

    Speaking of ideology. Ideology is an artificial phenomenon and has a singularity of degeneration. Therefore, the country must be based on laws and morals formed in family relations.
    And in the family everything is fair. Senior junior will not offend.

    Ideology is needed during the critical situation of the country. And it must be remembered that ideology can lift a country, but it can also destroy it.

    Ideology is a change in morality.
    1. +2
      31 August 2017 21: 14
      Quote: gladcu2
      Speaking of ideology. Ideology is an artificial phenomenon and has a singularity of degeneration. Therefore, the country must be based on laws and morals formed in family relations.

      wrote a lot about ideology. I repeat, because I liked your comment. Ideology is really an artificial phenomenon. From the word Idea. An idea is an idea that takes possession of many. She also unites them. "they think differently in palaces and squares" a French proverb that was born, I think, at a time when Louis was chopped off. What thought unites the general and the soldier - victory! win and survive .., Happiness! what makes people look like? - a dream of happiness. What is Happiness? - This is a sense of perspective. I remind you that perspective is from Latin per spectio. look into the distance. The idea that united the Soviet people is Communism! the trouble is that this is unattainable. Especially when parents are told that your children will live under communism and the children are told that it will be in 20 years, parents, in this situation, will feel cheated. Now about ideology. You correctly understand that Education is the destiny of the Family. BUT! education should include values ​​important to the state. this is ideology. This is a bridge connecting palaces with squares, it is an idea about the country's prosperity, about the equal rights of citizens, about their equal opportunities. The degeneration about which you write is the loss of the Dream model for the prosperity of the country and its replacement with the dream of Personal Well-being cultivated by Advertising. At least partially agree with me now, then you will understand.
      1. +1
        1 September 2017 00: 23
        I can tell you a lot about ideology. But there is simply no time.
        In short. An ideology can not be introduced with the normal development and preservation of the sovereignty of the country. Necessary goals and aspirations can be achieved by division of labor.
        The transition from capitalism to socialism-communism can be infused with the introduction of systemic education in which there is no place for egoism.

        Communism-socialism is also possible because socialism is possible.

        An example of communist relations is the internal life of an enterprise. . Relations are in the absence of a monetary system
        1. 0
          1 September 2017 05: 41
          Quote: gladcu2
          this is the inner life of the enterprise.

          there are almost no enterprises.
          1. 0
            1 September 2017 21: 56
            There are more than half a million enterprises in Russia.
            1. 0
              2 September 2017 08: 59
              Quote: Vadim237
              There are more than half a million enterprises in Russia.

              And how many of them are manufacturers ???
        2. 0
          1 September 2017 07: 56
          at the enterprise the chief and subordinates - exclusively monetary relations

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