Imperial State Secret No. 1

136
Imperial State Secret No. 19 January 1905 of the year, thousands of workers marched to the Winter Palace who dreamed of seeing the king and hand him the petition. Guards officers, giving the order to the soldiers to shoot at the workers, were sure that they were protecting Nicholas II, who was in the palace. Indeed, on January 9, a royal standard fluttered over the Winter Palace, which meant that the emperor was in the palace. Alas, Nicholas II in the Winter Palace was not in January 1905 of the year, nor throughout the reign. Both he and his father Alexander III arrived in St. Petersburg for solemn ceremonies, the theater, etc. only for a few hours and immediately subsided to other residences.

The fact is that Sophia Perovskaya and her company evicted the last two kings from the capital. 27 March 1881, three weeks after the murder of Alexander II by the people of the volunteers, Alexander III fled, otherwise you can’t tell, together with his family from Anichkov Palace in St. Petersburg to Gatchina. Both students and dignitaries on this occasion began to magnify the king "Gatchina captive of the revolution."



As a result, two autocrats, unlimited masters of the huge Russian empire, 36 (!) Were absent in their capital for years, and 150 million citizens did not know where their favorite king was. The location of the king and his movement became the state-owned number 1 in the Russian Empire.

From April 1881 to April 1917, Alexander III and Nicholas II spent the night only in the imperial residences - in Gatchina, Tsarskoe Selo, Petergof or the huge three-story “hunting palace” in Spala (Belovezhskaya Pushcha). When visiting cities of the empire, both emperors spent the night exclusively on the royal trains or on yachts.

TIGER AND LIVADIA

From 1825 to 1861 for a year, emperors Alexander I, Nicholas I and Alexander II traveled to the Southern coast of Crimea by carriage. 80-kilometer highway from Sevastopol to Livadia through the Baidar gate passed through a picturesque area. However, this path raised concerns among the guards. Therefore, 12 in October 1861, Alexander II traveled from Livadia back to Sevastopol on a wheeled yacht "Tiger". This yacht was built in 1855 year in Nikolaev. Its displacement was 2000 t, and the machine was a trophy one, taken from the English tiger frigate, which sank in the 1854 year off the coast of Odessa.

Soon the imperial yacht "Tiger" dilapidated, and instead of it, in 1870-1873, a new wooden wheeled yacht "Livadia" with a displacement of 2000 tons was built in Nikolaev. Already in the summer of 1873 she transported the Empress Maria Alexandrovna with her family from Sevastopol to Yalta. Well, on August 26, 1872 the Tiger was excluded from the lists of Black Sea vessels fleet.

Alas, "Livadia" on the night of October 22 1878, jumped on the rocks at Cape Tarkhankut on the west coast of Crimea. The yacht was broken by the waves. And here Vice-Admiral A.A. Popov, who mocked the whole world with the construction of two round battleships, “assists”, proposed to Tsar Alexander II to build a round, or rather, elliptical yacht “Livadia”. Popov seduced the king with an almost total lack of pitching, various comforts and luxury finishes.

A huge yacht for those times, the standard displacement 4420 t, named after its predecessor, was laid on the slipway of the English shipbuilding company John Elder and Co. 25 in March 1880, and in September 24 of the same year, Livadia, under the command of its creator - British shipbuilder engineer Pierce left the shipyard in Glasgow on the Clyde River and headed for Sevastopol.

The yacht was luxuriously trimmed. The area of ​​cabins, saloons and halls for the imperial family and suite was 3950 square. m, that is, in 6,7 times more than the old "Livadia". The huge imperial reception room with 4 m ceilings was decorated in the style of the rooms of Louis XVI in Fontainebleau. In the reception room a fountain surrounded by a flower bed was boiling. The living room on the middle deck was furnished in Crimean Tatar style. Other rooms had a Persian finish. Most of the ceremonial cabins were decorated in modern English style.

On the way from England to the Black Sea, the yacht landed in a storm in the Bay of Biscay and almost collapsed into pieces. Almost 8 months spent on repairs in the Spanish port of Ferrol.

And now 27 of May 1881 of the year “Livadia” arrived in Sevastopol. It is clear that the new emperor did not dare to float on it. For the sake of decency, the yacht was reclassified into the steamer "Experience", and later turned into a blockhash.

EREKLIK AND HIS CONVOIRS

Then for the transportation of the highest persons several years used passenger steamers. So, in November, 1872 was purchased from the ROPiT company passenger and passenger ship “Grand Duchess Olga”, built in England in 1866. He was reclassified into an imperial yacht and renamed “Ereklik”.

The first time, in the absence of other warships on the Black Sea, the Ereklik with the highest persons was escorted by the cruiser Memory of Mercury.

In addition, from time to time for several months the passenger ships of the Voluntary Fleet “Orel” with a displacement of 8175 and Moscow (6483) were enlisted as cruisers. The fact is that their Majesties considered it indecent for them to walk under the tricolor - the commercial flag of the Russian Empire, and necessarily under the St. Andrew’s flag. The Eagle and Moscow cruisers were escorted by new Black Sea fleet ships, including battleships.

October 20 1894, Alexander III died in Livadia. And on October 27, the emperor's coffin was installed on the cruiser Memory of Mercury, which, accompanied by the brig Twelve Apostles and the cruiser Oryol, went to Sevastopol.

Immediately after the death of Alexander III, the manifesto on the accession to the throne of Nicholas II was proclaimed in the Holy Cross Church of Livadia.

The new emperor loved to travel in comfort. And with him the yachts began to drive from the Baltic to the Black Sea and back.

And now 22 June 1898, the yacht "Standart" leaves Kronstadt and goes to Sevastopol. Well, 14 August Nicholas II leaves from Peterhof to Sevastopol, but by rail. Having stayed in Moscow, the king arrives in Sevastopol at 10 in the morning of August 21. I note that in Sevastopol the station was specially designed so that the king, right from the car, literally passing 20 m, got to the pier, where a boat from the “Standard” was already waiting for him.

Back 12 December 1898, the "Standard" was under the escort of destroyers. The Tsar wrote in his diary: “A sad incident happened here on the squadron: the destroyer No. 252 was washed away by the commander, Lieutenant Gajewski, just before Sevastopol, when they returned after the convoying of the Standard!”

The road from Yalta to Sevastopol traditionally took three hours. The day before the cruiser “Memory of Mercury” took the royal baggage and took it to Sevastopol. Well, "Standart" again around Europe went to the Baltic. So, for the sake of two three-hour walks, an imperial yacht the size of an armored cruiser raced around Europe twice!

Yachtmania

Sea walks on yachts are always liked by the monarchs, although the maintenance of the yachts was very expensive for the state budget. So, from 1954, the British Queen had only one big yacht “Britain”, and she was built in such a way that during wartime she turned to a hospital ship. On the yacht for 42, 928 state visits were made. But since 1997, she is laid up. Elizabeth II even cried in public about this, but parliament remained adamant - she never allocated money for repairs and modernization of the yacht.

From 1894 to 1914 year among the monarchs of the world, the largest flotilla of yachts was the august Romanov family. According to the total tonnage, the yachts were not inferior to the tonnage of all the cruisers of the Port Arthur squadron, and the large yachts were not inferior in size to the armored cruisers of that time, although Alexander III and Nikolay II only visited the yachts in England, France, Denmark and Germany. But mostly the yachts voyed between Peterhof and Finnish skerries and the South Bay of Sevastopol and the Yalta port.

It is curious that in order to at least somehow maintain propriety and legally extort money from the budget of the maritime department, Alexander III invented a new type of ships - a cruiser yacht. Thus, in 1887, the construction of the cruiser Memory of Mercury began in the style of the English cruiser Linder. Its armament was to consist of eight 152-mm, four 107-mm, six 47-mm guns and two torpedo tubes. The cruiser was intended for operations on ocean communications, and its cruising range was to be 12 500 miles.

During the construction of the cruiser, changes were made to its design. At the same time, the king was told that the name was not very suitable for a pleasure boat, and the ship was renamed the Polar Star. As a result, when the “Polar Star” entered service in March 1891, it was not a cruiser, but a luxury yacht with four 47-mm guns. The cost of this vessel was 3 557 100 rubles. For comparison: the cost of the parallel memory of the armored cruiser Memory of Azov was 3 690 254 rubles, including artillery. I note that the "Memory of Azov" was built with luxurious salons for the transportation of the highest persons.

In 1892, the Navy ordered a cruiser to the Danish company Burmeister og Vine. But in October 1893, Alexander III ordered the remaking of him into an imperial yacht. In operation, she entered under the name "Standart" in 1896, already with the new king. Its displacement was 5480 t. For salutes, the yacht had eight Hotchkiss 47-mm guns.

In addition to these yachts, the highest family had at least a dozen more yachts - “Tsarevna”, “Alexandria”, etc. And several more cruiser yachts were built for the royal relatives. For Admiral General of the Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich - the yacht-cruiser "Svetlana" with a displacement of 3727 t, since Alexey lacked the Strela sea yacht of the 1890 construction of the year. For the governor of the Far East, Admiral Alekseev (illegitimate son of Alexander II), the Almaz cruiser was built with a displacement of 3285 tons.

However, the sending of Almaz to Port Arthur was delayed, and Alekseev ordered one of the best auxiliary cruisers, the Angara, to be transferred there. This ship with a displacement of 12 050 T had a speed of 20,1 knot and could give the Japanese a lot of trouble during the raiding in the ocean, if it had stayed in Vladivostok. But where is the governor of the highest blood without a yacht? And the "Angara" ingloriously vanished in Port Arthur, along with the rest of the squadron ships.

SEA COLLECTORS

Simple admirals did not receive large yachts. But on the other hand, for their near-office trips (1 — 3 hours per destroyer), they demanded large cruisers to serve them. So, Admiral Grigorovich traveled from Sevastopol to Livadia not by car (3 hours) and not by the destroyer (1,5 hours), but on the newest cruiser “Cahul”. And Admiral Jessen decided to 15 in May 1904 of the year to inspect the village Posyet in 100 versts from Vladivostok across the Amur Bay on the cruiser Bogatyr. On the way, the admiral effectively removed the commander from control, and the Bogatyr ran into the stones, breaking down to the very end of the Russo-Japanese War.

I note that in the 1901 — 1903 years, the ships of the Russian Pacific squadron in Port Arthur were mainly in the armed reserve. An armed reserve was an invention of the Russian Maritime Ministry, whose budget was not enough for the permanent presence of the fleet at sea. Therefore, a significant part of the ships systematically defended in the harbors without vapors.

But the yacht-cruiser "Standart" two or even four times a year, chased from the Baltic to the Black Sea only in order to take the emperor from Sevastopol to Yalta. It is true, especially the bosses, the team and the servant is not necessary. The royal yachts were not subject to customs inspection ... and the Polar Star yacht held an indisputable record for smuggling smuggling on the Copenhagen – Kronstadt route. This route was annually visited by the widowed empress Maria Feodorovna. Of course, it was possible to roll up on the train in a couple of days, but on the yacht it was somehow more fun.

Three hours from the South Bay of Sevastopol to the embankment of Yalta "Standart" was not one, but accompanied by a whole squadron of ships of the Black Sea Fleet. So, 30 March 1914, he was accompanied by the cruiser "Cahul", the yacht "Diamond" and four destroyers. And this, I note, was not only an honorary escort. The fact is that the “Diamond” yacht in its silhouette was almost no different from the “Standard”. Therefore, for six years, from 1906 to 1911 a year, the Almaz served as the twin yacht of the Standard in the Baltic. Periodically, the royal yacht changed parking in the Finnish skerries with her twin. Contemporaries claimed that in 1907, a floating mine was discovered at the entrance to Kotka Bay. But at the same time, the yacht Almaz was moored in the parking lot intended for the “Standart”.

At the beginning of 1911, Almaz underwent repairs (by the way, in 1908, it was officially included in the number of imperial yachts), and on July 23 of the same year, he left the Baltic Sea forever and went to the Black Sea to accompany the Standard yacht.

If on the Black Sea on the “Standard” the king usually spent several hours on the way from Sevastopol to Yalta and back, in the Baltic he stayed on the “Standard” for weeks. Nicholas II and his family loved to rest from late June to early August on the islands in the Finnish skerries. Most often this happened near the village of Virolahti. Now it is located a few kilometers from the Russian-Finnish border, and then it was the territory of the Russian Empire.

SHINING LANTERNS AT NIGHT

The security of the king, in addition to the palace guards, whose numbers ranged from 50 to 200 people, was provided by several thousand sailors who were aboard the ships of the convoy and the surrounding islets.

In September 1906, the king wrote to his relatives: “With us here are“ Ukraine ”and“ Finn ”, the destroyers“ Vidny ”,“ Rezvy ”and“ Thunderful ”,“ Tsarevna ”,“ General-Admiral ”and“ Asia ”. All of them shine at night with battle lights around the yacht. " I note that the “Asia” and the “General-Admiral” were old cruisers. On the "Asia" placed the ranks of the palace guard, and on the "General Admiral", apparently, there were also some parts of the guard, including guard dogs. Well, "Ukraine" and "Finn" - destroyers, built on donations of the population during the Russian-Japanese war.

From 1911 of the year, the Pechora transport with a displacement of 1910 tons specially built in 1911 — 2000 began to be used at the Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant. The transport also had a large photolaboratory and room for police dogs. In addition, the tsar flotilla included a coal barge, a bath-ship, a water carrier “Aquarius” and a hospital ship.

But the composition of the royal convoy in Finnish skerries at the end of August 1907 (usually at that time the king was already in Livadia, but because of the unrest in the Black Sea Fleet, there could be no question of Crimea). Ahead of the "Standard" were the destroyers "Ukraine" and "Vigorous"; behind are Asia, the Elekens and Alexandria yachts, and the guards of the royal yachts Dozorny and the Scout. I note that it was under Nicholas that a new type of ship appeared in the Russian fleet - “escorts of royal yachts”. In 1900 — 1904 years, four escorts were built: “Guard”, “Satellite”, “Patrol” and “Scout”.

The skerry region, where Shtandart was traveling, was well equipped in advance in a hydrographic respect: underwater stones were blown up, buoys were delivered, and the fairways were clearly marked. Nevertheless, 29 August 1907, on the traverse of the island of Granscher Standard, flew over a narrow stone at a depth of 5,5 m, not indicated on the map. Having taken 1200 t of water, Shtandart has tilted. The royal family immediately transferred to the yacht "Alexandria".

SUPPLY ISSUES

It is curious how the supreme passengers of the yacht were supplied. Let us give some excerpts from the relevant memories and documents of the time.

Since all the parkings of the “Standard” were predetermined, before the start of the voyage, the “colonels from cutlets” of the Gofmarshalsky part sent a wagon with various economic junk from St. Petersburg to Finland. Also, a glacier wagon was regularly shipped from St. Petersburg to Finland, in which meat and dairy products were transported.

The fact that it is necessary to Pierre Kyuba on the "Standart", Hofmarshalsky part learned by radio. The “route” of the radiogram from Kyub to the “colonels from cutlets” in Peterhof was as follows. First, the radiogram came to the wireless telegraph at the Main Naval Headquarters, then it was transmitted to the Hofmarshalsky part of the Winter Palace, and from there by telephone to Peterhof, from which the destroyer departed. Here are a few of these telegrams.

Peterhof, August 19 1907: “The Stormy destroyer will come out of Peterhof tomorrow Tuesday 10 in the morning tell someone you think is necessary. Prince Putiatin.

"Standart", 20 August 1907 of the year: "Favor to send 50 cream, 50 milk bottles, 20 oil pounds, palace peach greenhouses, plums, grapes, gooseberries, if possible, different colors for table decoration."

"Standart», August 21 1907 years, "Favor send: Pilsener beer bottles 20, Bavarian 80, 50 monastery kvass, cranberry 20, 80 bread, sweets 20 pound cake 5, mostly simple, creamy caramel 4 pound boxes. Fresh mushrooms of mushrooms, if there is a little for a snack, they are asked to send milk for Their Majesties at each occasion not boiled. ”

The ships guarding the "Standard" had clear instructions not to allow any ships to the royal yacht. Once, while the king was resting, a Finn, unfamiliar with the Russian order, swam in a boat to the watchdog line to sell apples. The sniper of protection with an accurate shot has brought down a hat from the Finn. A more serious incident occurred with the English steamer "Woodburn". The ship, laden with forest, was approaching the stand of the “Standart” to go around the yacht at a distance of three cables. "Woodburn" began to push the destroyers. Dodging, Woodburn reversed, and his nose was turned straight to the Standard. Immediately, the royal yacht escorts opened warning fire, and the Emir of Bukhara destroyer landed an 76-mm projectile on the side of the ship. As a result, the steam line was damaged and a fireman was injured. The scandal that followed, Russian diplomats hushed up with great difficulty.

SPECIAL OPERATION ON THE VOLGA

River royal yachts in the Russian fleet formally was not. However, in the 1885, at the Sormovsky plant, by order of the Ministry of Railways, two steamers “for business trips” were laid. These steamers - "Mezhen" and "Strezhen" - were beautiful yachts with contours of clippers. Their interior was decorated with precious woods, and the furniture and tapestries were in the style of Louis XIV. However, both vessels in the directory of vessels of the river register were listed as “tugs with iron hulls”.

Alas, persons of the imperial family rarely traveled along the rivers. So, the “Mezhen” was first used for its intended purpose only for three days in July 1899, when the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich deigned to voyage from Yaroslavl to Rybinsk. In July, the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna made a pilgrimage tour on the Mezheni, in July. AT history the “Megeny” entered the 1913 year during the celebrations on the occasion of the 300 anniversary of the Romanov dynasty.

It was decided that the royal family will arrive in Nizhny Novgorod by train, and then proceed to the "Megeni" up the Volga to Yaroslavl. For this purpose, a special squadron was formed in the composition of the railway (state) steamships Nizhny Novgorod, Mezhen, Strezhen, Ekaterina, Oryol, as well as the mobilized large passenger ships of Samolet, the Emperor Alexander the Blessed, and Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.

In advance, a large group of officers went to the Volga with sailors of the royal yachts. Under their leadership, the "Mezhen" and "Strezhin" were remade with special luxury. It was possible to establish even a very impressive bathtub for bathing the highest persons.

Since April 1913, the entire fairway 50 of fathoms wide from Nizhny Novgorod to Yaroslavl was repeatedly raked for mines and natural obstacles (writhing, snakes, stones, etc.). Put up hundreds of buoys and milestones. Between Nizhny and Yaroslavl, 200 organized special posts, each of which had two boats and at least three watchmen.

In May 1913, the entire “squadron” made a test flight from Nizhny to Yaroslavl and back. Three days before the arrival of the highest persons, it was ordered to stop the rafting of the forest on the Volga and adjacent rivers, and 12 hours before the arrival of the Tsar's flotilla the movement of all cargo and passenger ships was to be stopped. So, the “Low Water” on its way did not meet a single floating craft.

During 12 hours before the highest departure from Nizhny Novgorod, a steamer of communications left the river, accompanied by two powerboats. On board there were several dozen police officers who were supposed to stop all counter vessels, going both from above and below, and force them to anchor beyond the fairway. After that, on each of the stopped ships there remained one lower police rank.

After the passage of the tsarist flotilla, a state-owned steamer going behind, accompanied by a motorboat, removed the lower ranks of police from detained private courts and allowed the courts to continue on their way. At the same time, the state-owned steamer observed that the steamers coming from the bottom did not overtake him.

Three days before the tsar sailed from Nizhny, the movement of all private motorboats along the Volga was prohibited. The population was strictly forbidden to kindle bonfires on the shore.

Just in case, on the way from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod, two trains started in front of the Tsar’s train at intervals of 1 an hour — the letter Sv (Sweet) and the letter B. Both trains did not have external differences from the royal. The train with Nicholas II arrived in Nizhny Novgorod at 10 in the morning on May 17. And in the evening the king moved to the yacht "Mezhen". The retinue housed on the Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich three-deck passenger steamship. The ministers of Kokovtsov, Maklakov, Rukhlov, and the guard corps set off on other steamers.

The king visited the Ipatiev Monastery, Kostroma and Yaroslavl. At midnight on the 22 in May, the royal train rushed Nicholas II from Yaroslavl to Moscow. Note that the emperor spent all nights aboard the Mezheni.

YACHT DIPLOMACY

Usually, monarchs and heads of government arrive in the capital of the state where they are negotiating, signing agreements, etc., during their foreign visits. However, since 1904, Emperor Nicholas II did not risk inviting monarchs and prime ministers to St. Petersburg, fearing the disloyalty of the population, and preferred to negotiate with them on yachts both on the high seas and on the docks in Revel and other ports. In some cases, these were special operations, in which intelligence and security were playing an important role.

So, in July, 1905, the meeting of Nicholas II and Wilhelm II took place in the Gulf of Finland near Biorca. The king arrived on the yacht Polaris, and cousin Willie on the yacht Hohenzollern. The poor Kaiser had only one yacht in 4 thousand tons, and she was a well-armed cruiser. And only one escort - a small destroyer S-97.

10 July Nicholas II and Wilhelm signed on board the yacht "Hohenzollern" the so-called treaty in Biorca. This treaty was not directed against France, but, on the contrary, the signatories suggested attaching it to the alliance of Russia and Germany.

27 July 1905 of the year (new art.) From Pillau, the Kaiser writes to his cousin Niki: “July 24 [new. Art. - A.Sh.] 1905 will be the cornerstone of European politics; this day begins a new page in history; this will be a page of peace and friendly relations between the powers of the European continent, whose policies based on friendship and trust will be directed towards the achievement of common interests. ”

If the treaty in Biorka entered into force, then the history of mankind would have gone completely in a different scenario. It is quite possible that then there would be neither the First World War, nor the Civil War in Russia. One way or another, but Nicholas II in Biorca made the wisest decision for all his reign.

Alas, the ministers, and first of all Premier Witte and Foreign Minister Lamsdorf, were horrified and literally forced the king to abandon the alliance with Germany.

Now the king had no choice but to go to bow to Aunt Entente. And now the British king Edward VII has come to Russia for a visit. Well, as it should be in appropriate cases, he hoped to visit the capital of the Russian Empire.

The head of the security department A.V. Gerasimov wrote: “They said that he really wanted to see our capital and observe its life itself. This plan was dropped, since the Emperor spoke out against him in the strongest terms. I do not know what official excuse was given in diplomatic relations in order to convince Edward VII to agree to a date in another city, but the real motives, as Stolypin told me, were that the stay of the English king in St. Petersburg was not to the liking of the Tsar .

“- He used to walk freely everywhere in England, and therefore he would like to behave in the same way. I know him, he will attend theaters and ballet, and he will probably walk through the streets to look at the factories and the shipyard. I cannot walk with him, and if he is without me, you understand what kind of talk this will cause. Therefore, it will be better if he does not come here, ”the sovereign explained his decision.”

As a result of diplomatic negotiations, the port of Revel was chosen as the meeting place for monarchs. Negotiations were on the yacht "Standart" and the royal "Victoria and Albert."

14 – 15 July 1908, the French President Armand Falier arrived in Revel. He came not on the yacht, but on the handsome five-pipe battleship Vernio. The battleship was the last French ship of the pre-dreadnought type, but in terms of firepower, booking, and displacement it was almost as good as the first British dreadnoughts.

In Revel, a squadron of royal yachts met the French squadron - “Standart”, “Polar Star”, “Tsarevna” and others.

When the boat with the president moored to the Standard, the ship's orchestra played the Marseillaise, Nicholas II had to pay tribute, and the sailors shouted "Hurray!"

All subsequent negotiations took place only aboard the Standard. The king and the president did not go ashore, and Nicholas II did not even visit the Vernion.

Russia finally entered the Entente. The countdown to the start of the First World War went on board the yacht "Standart".
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  1. +5
    27 August 2017 07: 24
    Safety first ...
    1. +9
      27 August 2017 11: 07
      A very biased, politically biased article by Shirokorad.
      Then I’ll supplement it. Under Nicholas II, the Russian fleet entered service:
      squadron battleships: “Navarin”, “Three Saints”, “Great Sisoy”, “Poltava”, “Petropavlovsk”, “Sevastopol”, “Rostislav”, “Peresvet”, “Oslyabya”, “Victory”, “Retvizan”, “Tsesarevich”, “Borodino”, “Emperor Alexander III”, “Eagle”, “Prince Suvorov”, “Glory”, “Prince Potemkin-Tauride”,
      battleships: “John Chrysostom”, “Eustathius”, “Andrew the First-Called”, “Emperor Paul I”, “Sevastopol”, “Poltava”, “Petropavlovsk”, “Gangut”, “Empress Maria”, “Empress Catherine the Great”, “Will” (former "Emperor Alexander III", went into operation after February),
      armored cruisers: "Rurik" (2 units., one died in japan), "Russia", "Stormbreaker", "Bayan",
      armored cruisers of the 1st rank: “Pallas”, “Diana”, “Aurora”, “Askold”, “Varyag”, “Bogatyr”, “Oleg”, “Cahul”, “Memory of Mercury”,
      more... 1st rank cruisers, coast defense battleships, 2nd rank cruisers.
      And these are only the largest ships.
      What the Bolsheviks did to the imperial fleet, everyone knows, and what they did to Shchastny AM, who saved the Baltic Fleet on an ice campaign, they shot him.
      Along with the fleet, the project of Yellow Russia was actively developed with the ports that now belong to China. Samsonov wrote a lot about this.
      As well as ports in Libau, Feodosia, Poti.
      A shipyard was built in Nikolaev, radically reconstructed in St. Petersburg.
      About railways, tunnels, bridges, even talking uncomfortable. Everyone knows when the main volume was built.

      PS. Tsarevich Nikolay (future Nikolay II) traveled to the Far East on the world's strongest armored cruiser Admiral Nakhimov, and not on a "yacht." Not a word about Shirokorad.
      1. MrK
        +14
        27 August 2017 12: 58
        Quote: Nikolai S.
        Then I’ll supplement it. Under Nicholas II, the Russian fleet entered service:

        Armored cruiser "Svetlana", the place of construction - Le Havre, France.
        Armored cruiser "Admiral Kornilov" - Saint-Nazaire, France.
        Armored cruiser "Askold" - Kiel, Germany.
        Armored cruiser "Boyar" - Copenhagen, Denmark.
        The armored cruiser "Bayan" - Toulon, France.
        Armored cruiser "Admiral Makarov", built at the shipyard "Forge & Chantier".
        Armored cruiser "Rurik", built on the English shipyard "Barrow-in-Furness."
        Battleship Retvizan, built by Cram & Sans in Philadelphia, USA.
        A series of destroyers "Whale", shipyard Friedrich Schiehau, Germany.
        A series of destroyers "Trout", were built at the plant of A. Norman in France.
        Series "Lieutenant Burakov" - "Forge & Chantier", France.
        A series of destroyers "Mechanical Engineer Zverev" - Shipyard Schihau, Germany.
        The destroyers of the series "Rider" and "Falcon" were built in Germany and, accordingly, Great Britain.
        Batum - at the Yarrow Shipyard in Glasgow, UK (the list is incomplete!).
        Well, it is clear from the Germans ordered ships. They built well, the cars on them were excellent. Well, it is clear in France, such as an ally, plus kickbacks to the Grand Dukes. You can understand and order the American Crump. He did it quickly, promised a lot and rolled away any way as well as the French. But we, it turns out, with the king-father, even in Denmark, ordered cruisers.
        1. +7
          27 August 2017 13: 31
          Quote: mrark
          But we, it turns out, under the tsar-father even cruisers ordered in Denmark.

          But many built the yachts themselves, but now we don’t even make yachts))))
        2. +1
          27 August 2017 13: 40
          Well, what's the point ?! The British got this jamb and hit Peter himself, where the Tsar did not seek to hold power. Here you learn how to do beautiful things. Tell us more about the mass of dendrodes and other vessels!
        3. +3
          27 August 2017 13: 43
          Quote: mrark
          Armored cruiser "Svetlana", the place of construction - Le Havre, France.
          Armored cruiser "Admiral Kornilov" - Saint-Nazaire, France.

          This is not true. These are ships of a completely different class. By the way, according to the quote, it turns out that you did not read the Shirokorada discussed, you do not need it. "Svetlana" Shirokorad calls a cruiser. Although it is a cruiser of the 1st rank, equipped with VIP-apartments for official visits. The ship died heroically in the battle of Tsushima. Naturally, Shirokorad has nothing about this.
          "Admiral Kornilov" is called the armored cruiser only pedals in pedia. On professional sites, it is also a 1st rank cruiser.
          I will not check further. I assume by matinduction that all your message consists of such "inaccuracies".
          1. +3
            27 August 2017 18: 26
            Quote: Nikolai S.
            "Admiral Kornilov" is called the armored cruiser only pedals in pedia. On professional sites, it is also a 1st rank cruiser.


            Look for the sake of interest when the concept of a cruiser of the 1st rank was introduced in the RIF, and when these cruisers were laid down and how they were originally designated. The RIF also included 2nd rank armadillos, cruiser armadillos. With the adoption of the new classification, they became 1st rank cruisers and armadillos. Here from what "belfry" to look.
        4. +4
          27 August 2017 16: 47
          Quote: mrark
          But we, it turns out, under the tsar-priest, even in Denmark, cruisers ordered.

          Under the tsar - this, of course, is nothing more than evidence of the backwardness of the domestic shipbuilding industry ...
          Only here is what to do with the fact that what we are and under I.V. Stalin ordered warships and power plants, for example, in Italy - and in power there was the fascist regime of Mussolini ...
          And from Germany, shortly before the Second World War, they received the unfinished heavy cruiser Lutzov ...
          Well, the purchase of entire factories, and probably says no ....
          1. +2
            30 August 2017 01: 13
            Yeah, yeah, we poor and miserable for some reason at that time, under Stalin, we invested heavily in heavy industry ... Apparently because we didn’t want to work at the tsar’s factories. For some reason, we had to bring engineering to an industrial scale, and purchase patents from amers. The Tsar’s in no way were impossible for us, to see everything our own. workers and peasants wanted. And the power plants were built for some reason — the tsarist industry (the very well-known advanced and overdeveloped industry) somehow managed without them. That’s because we are halfwashed unwashed ....
        5. +4
          27 August 2017 18: 21
          darkness. You forgot that the battleships were built in Russia, the Soviet battleships and a significant part of the Soviet fleet were built under the tsar and in Russia. It’s enough for you to search or ask comrades in Google
          1. +3
            28 August 2017 15: 35
            Quote: Monarchist
            darkness. You forgot that the battleships were built in Russia, the Soviet battleships and a significant part of the Soviet fleet were built under the tsar and in Russia. It’s enough for you to search or ask comrades in Google

            Battleships were indeed built in Russia. The only question is what they built. Our battleships were more like linear battlecruisers of the Germans and the British, only their speed was five to ten knots less. Now it’s too lazy to check, but about a century ago ... I was interested in this issue and compared the performance characteristics of German, English and Russian battleships - the picture, I assure you, is completely depressing. In all combat indicators, our battleships could only be compared with the battlecruisers of the British and Germans, and not with battleships, while our speed (design!) Was lower than that of the same battleships. Remembering how the British cruisers exploded in the Battle of Jutland, I think that if the Empress Maria had caught the Gebena in the Black Sea and forced him to battle in full force, then the outcome of this battle could greatly sadden us. Weak battleships were frankly weak.
            The only thing Russian shipbuilders could be proud of at the beginning of the 20th century are destroyers of the Novik type. These were unrivaled and superior to Western models. Everything else that we built on the sea lagged behind its Western counterparts by an order of magnitude.
            So, what mRARC “forgot” would be better not to recall. And if you recall, it turns out that he forgot about Varyag (the same one) and Bogatyr (mentioned in the article), which were also built by one in the USA and the other in Germany.
            1. +4
              29 August 2017 01: 04
              You're right. Tales of the "great" empire do not find their documentary and archival evidence. Alas, the share of buildings on the territory of the Republic of Ingushetia in shipbuilding is leveled primarily by the lack of technological production. First of all, Russia even lagged behind the USA, England, Germany and France in industrial production volumes. Its share in the total industrial production of the five above-mentioned powers was only 4,2%. In global production in 1913, Russia's share was 1,72%. Of the same statistical compilations of the Minister of the Interior, Belyavsky, in 1913, Russia imported from other countries more than 1 million tons of steel and 8,7 million tons of coal. In 1909-1914 the British riveted 64 large surface ships, the Germans 47, the French 24, the Italians 16, Russia, with attempts, completed and re-created 10 surface ships of the class battleship-cruiser. About half of the Russian imperial fleet was built abroad. But even on Russian destroyers, cruisers and battleships there were German and Swedish turbines, English gyrocompasses and rangefinders. What kind of industrial growth are we talking about? Remember, on which aircraft did Utochkin and Nesterov shine? Newpor, Farman, Bristol-Bulldog, Sopvich, Fokker. England, France, Belgium .., but not Russia. For 1914-1917 all 94 of "Ilya Muromets" was assembled and then the engines and devices were imported. And this despite the fact that in Russia military spending in 1908-1913gg. accounted for 32 - 33% of the total state budget.

              Sources: St. Petersburg: V. Kirshbaum's printing house, 1892 year. Russie a la fin du 19e siecle, sous dir. de M. Kowalevsky. Paris, 1900, pp. 687, 691. Portal R. The Industrialization of Russia. Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Cambridge, 1965, Volume VI, Part 2. Bairoch P. European Trade Policy, 1815 — 1914. Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Cambridge, 1989, Volume VIII, pp. 42-46. B.Mitchell. Statistical Appendix, 1700 — 1914. Fontana Economic History of Europe, ed. by C. Cipolla, Glasgow, 1974 — 1976, Vol. 4, part 2, p. 773. “Statistical Yearbooks of Russia” (edited by Director of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs N.N. Belyavsky) for 1908-1913. Prokopovich S. N. National income in Western European countries. - M., 1922. Yearbooks of world statistics by S. Zap "Socio-political tables of all countries of the world" of the publishing house "Cooperation" Moscow. So, 1908-1913 years. National Encyclopedia of Scientific and Applied Knowledge. Volume XII. Political Economy. - M., 1911. - with. 260-261, 278-279.
      2. +5
        27 August 2017 14: 06
        Yes, the Bolsheviks came, staged a row of drunken sailors and the “great empire” collapsed from this. And was it great if it was turned in your books, as any foreign agent wants.
      3. +3
        27 August 2017 18: 09
        Nikolai S. Thank you for your reference: I am interested in history, but I couldn’t list these numbers as a keepsake, but look for these data
      4. 0
        27 August 2017 23: 16
        Then let's count the number of ships that went into operation in the UK, Germany. Both of them are also monarchies.
      5. 0
        2 September 2017 17: 29
        Quote: Nikolai S.
        Cesarevich Nikolay (future Nikolay II) traveled to the Far East on the world's strongest armored cruiser Admiral Nakhimov,

        yeah, and under this Nikolk Besdarnoy, HALF the fleet of the Lapel Empire were surrendered ships of the Russian fleet.
  2. +6
    27 August 2017 07: 33
    The author’s magnificent work on the Politics of those times. He opens his eyes to the main reasons that led to the PMV. Thin humor is not given to everyone. Humor loves sluggishness. The story with Grandmother Liza, 2, was laughable when she was denied a yacht in 1997. I think after that the unexpected, British politics became It turns out that the sea component of the causes of WWI is even more interesting than the land one. The tsars had no time to deal with the problems of Russia and the people living in it. The tsars pumped huge funds from the country and people to swell into the luxury of yachts. Their tonnage and variety exceeded all sorts reasonable limits. In some ways, they are akin to stupid modern New and not only Russian. To move 100 miles from Sevastopol, not to a car, but to a squadron, it's just no words. Apparently this is in the blood of our people. And now they’re carrying a couple of tanks from the kitchen to KAMAZ. Once again, the author Alexander is huge, from us knowing.
    1. +15
      27 August 2017 08: 14
      Mr. Oparyshev, speaking of spending on top officials of the state, be consistent and please recall the tuples and hunting houses of the Soviet secretaries-general. And the year-round guarded by the NKVD 14 (I don’t remember the exact number now) of the "state" dachas of Dzhugashvili, and the provision of his son Vasily.
      1. +5
        27 August 2017 08: 41
        We won’t go far !!! Arrival of Medvedev on the island of Sakhalin !!! I personally observed the entire bacchanal committed by the authorities
        1. +4
          28 August 2017 08: 37
          Quote: Nehist
          I personally observed the entire bacchanal committed by the authorities

          Read about Khrushchev’s hunt for about. Askold! The names of countries are changing, but the behavior of those in power never !!!
      2. +4
        27 August 2017 09: 31
        Mr. Porutchik! Don’t confuse your wool with the state. Russia under Nikolashka lived at his own expense, and Stalin, as you call him Dzhugashvili, was equipped at the expense of the trillion that America invested in Sov Depy in the 30s. And with the unified budget of the USSR, the expenses for the first persons were a penny. Do not be superficial the next time. Although this is peculiar to the lieutenants. Education is below the baseboard.
        1. +14
          27 August 2017 12: 19
          .Russia ... lived at its own expense
          Mr. Oparyshev, you have just brilliantly confirmed the thesis that when Emperor of the All-Russian Emperor Nicholas II Alexandrovich Russia was rich enough to provide for its needs.
          Quote: p-k Oparyshev
          as you call him Dzhugashvili

          But what else should he be called if this is his real name, and "Stalin" is the party nickname?
          Quote: p-k Oparyshev
          at the expense of a trillion invested by America

          But from this moment in more detail, please. Why do you call the purchases by the Soviet government production lines for factories "trillions of investments"? Do you have information from an alternative reality with an alternative economy?
          Quote: p-k Oparyshev
          first person expenses were a penny

          But this is a juggling of facts.
          Dzhugashvili's salary after 1947 of the year - 10000 rubles. Monthly.
          Building him the same gorgeous cottages after the war.
          Stables for his son Vasily.
          Brezhnev's hunting reserves with deluxe rooms and revels worse than royal hunting of the 17th century.
          http://naoxote.com/oxotnik-brezhnev-oxotnichi-str
          asti-leonida-ilicha
          Is this all your way, penny?
          1. +2
            27 August 2017 17: 07
            Dzhugashvili's salary after 1947 of the year - 10000 rubles. Monthly.

            On March 5, 1953, at 22:30 p.m., I, the commandant of the Near Dacha Orlov, the senior attached Starostin, assistant Tukov, Butusov’s employee, compiled an inventory of the l / property of Comrade Stalin I.V. at the direction of Comrade Beria.
            1. Notebook for notes, in a cover from a skin of gray color;
            2. Notebook, leather, red;
            3. Personal notes, notes drawn up on separate sheets and tear-off sheets. Numbered a total of 67 sheets (sixty-seven);
            4. General notebook with notes, red cover;
            5. Smoking pipes - 5 pcs. To them: 4 boxes and specials. devices, tobacco. In Comrade Stalin’s office: books, desk accessories, souvenirs are not included in the list.
            Bedroom and wardrobe:
            6. White tunic - 2 pcs. (The star of the Hero of Socialist Labor is attached to both).
            7. The tunic is gray, semi-daily - 2 pcs .;
            8. The tunic is dark green - 2 pcs .;
            9. Pants - 10;
            10. The underwear is folded into a box under No. 2.
            In the box under No. 3 are packed: 6 tunics, 10 trousers, 4 overcoats, 4 caps. In a box under No. 1 are notepads, notebooks, personal notes. Bath and shower accessories are boxed with No. 4. Other property belonging to Comrade Stalin was not included in the inventory. A savings book was discovered in the bedroom; 900 rubles were recorded in it. The time for completing the inventory and document is 0 hours 45 minutes 6 March 1953 years. Present: (signature) ORLOV (signature) STAROSTIN (signature) TUKOV (signature) BUTUSOV. Other property meant a desktop alarm clock in the form of a fox (with a broken ear). Stalin also had a desktop figurine donated by Roosevelt.
            1. +4
              27 August 2017 18: 34
              after Stalin's death, more than 3 million 600 thousand rubles (more than 3 600 000 rubles) and several bundles of various foreign currencies were found in his personal safe, with receipts that this money was a fee for the circulation (huge!) of his books in the USSR and for abroad.
              1. +2
                30 August 2017 01: 20
                Truth? Oh no no no. And why did he need them? Veruns, such Veruns))))
            2. +5
              28 August 2017 06: 16
              Quote: avva2012
              Stalin also had a table figurine donated by Roosevelt.

              Still, Stalin had at his disposal a whole country. All property and real estate, which supposedly were state, were in the undivided ownership of the leader, and were called state only because they were kept and protected at the state expense. Stop procrastinating these lists of junk already.
              1. +2
                28 August 2017 08: 15
                Stop procrastinating these lists of junk already.

                Exactly what is enough to procrastinate, so these are verbal miscarriages of Novodvorsky, Okudzhiv and other haters of our country. "All property and real estate, which allegedly were state, were in the undivided ownership of the leader" belay If you understood what you were writing, then you would thoughtlessly repeat other people's words. The higher a person rises in power structures, the more restrictions he has, the more attentive eyes look at him. Any mistake threatens the destruction of power. You then see the power differently. And after you, it’s definitely not junk left.
                And about the Romanovs in the article, it’s not enraging that they lived at the expense of the state and built luxurious ships for themselves, instead of the much needed military ones, but that they, being the largest landowners of the Empire, built them, precisely, at the state expense! In addition, the czar’s relatives also made money at state expense wherever they could, and then spent these funds on all kinds of mildilds with low social responsibility (b) in the form of palaces, jewelry, etc., etc.
                1. +2
                  29 August 2017 07: 43
                  Quote: avva2012
                  The higher a person rises in power structures, the more restrictions he has, the more attentive eyes look at him. Any mistake threatens the destruction of power.

                  Are you talking about Stalin? laughing Thanks, neighing !!
                2. +3
                  29 August 2017 07: 53
                  Quote: avva2012
                  about the Romanovs in the article, it’s not enraging that they lived at public expense

                  and you do not infuriate that
                  The crushers of the state, “freedom fighters” still live “in London” for unknown money, while being in Russia they don’t work anywhere and they don’t live in poverty.
                  (1914)
                  How is this possible? And there is such an exact term - "professional revolutionary." This is when the struggle with the state, actions to undermine it, to destabilize the authorities, become a profession. This is when a coup d'état is done not by “desperate” people, but by those for whom it is work. Professionals. And after the revolution, these "professionals" continued to live at public expense, building their summer cottages, organizing vacations, taking advantage of all the benefits produced by the society that they ruled.
                  1. +1
                    29 August 2017 11: 27
                    Thanks, neighing !!

                    You are welcome. Read more Machiavelli, can still laugh hi No wonder the power is compared with the “ice throne”, it is lonely, cold and slipping is easy. Although laughing, I forgot, you anti-Soviet are more Stalinists than Communists, because, I.V. You perceive Stalin, albeit for evil, but God, and the majority of the Communists are atheists. lol
                    And there is such an exact term - "professional revolutionary."

                    Generalization is a sign of a propagandist, a screamer. Who is the "p." Then? They were different: essays, anarchists, Bundists, Dashnaks, Mensheviks. Everyone has different goals and methods of conducting a revolutionary struggle.
                    And after the revolution, these "professionals" continued to live at public expense, building their summer cottages, organizing vacations

                    True? You did not confuse them with anyone? Have you tried to combine two, three cases and get acceptable results? Suppose, as an example, F.E.Dzerzhinsky? You work, since he is a month old.
                    1. +2
                      29 August 2017 11: 50
                      Quote: avva2012
                      Read more Machiavelli

                      Machiavelli did not know Stalin)))
                      Quote: avva2012
                      I.V. You perceive Stalin, albeit evil, but God

                      Stalin - God! Do not make me laugh even more, he considered himself a god, infallible and unpunished (like many of his admirers are communists, well, what about the “father of nations”, “the sun of the dawn of communism”)
                      Quote: avva2012
                      They were different: essays, anarchists, Bundists, Dashnaks, Mensheviks

                      but nevertheless, they all have one thing in common, "at whose expense is the banquet"?
                      Quote: avva2012
                      Suppose, as an example, F.E.Dzerzhinsky?

                      Yes, there were hard workers among them, idealists ... I do not argue, but their units.
                      1. +2
                        29 August 2017 12: 06
                        Yes, there were hard workers among them, idealists ... I do not argue, but their units.

                        Oh, here it is! He, for people like you, was in the top 10 executioners. Is it really so a series of documentaries on the first act?
                        I’ll tell you more, the higher the post, the more work. Only from below it seems that the boss knows how to cheat. Such a level, this is not for you from 8 to 16 in the office with interruptions to the spider, and then home. An irregular day, no vacation as such. As in the famous film, "we need to give milk to kings for harmfulness." Maybe funny. To the cinema.
                        Are you talking about Stalin? laughing Thanks, neighing !!

                        Imagine how IV Stalin worked, in general, is not possible.
          2. +1
            30 August 2017 01: 23
            Present your estimates, my dear, estimates. And then unsubstantiated - "nature reserves with suites" worse than royal hunting - air shakes, not the interlocutor
        2. 0
          27 August 2017 23: 40
          What, liberal, do not like Stalin?
          1. +3
            28 August 2017 08: 24
            Quote: Seeker
            What, liberal, do not like Stalin?

            And here you love not love, the attitude to Stalin daisy or something? Or if a citizen treats Stalin well, should he only remember what the party recommends?
      3. +4
        27 August 2017 13: 33
        Quote: Lieutenant Teterin
        And about the year-round guarded NKVD 14 (I don’t remember the exact number now)

        Officially talk about 18, unofficially - about 20
      4. +1
        30 August 2017 01: 16
        And what? strongly comparable to the spending of kings? Do not provide estimates etiz and those activities for comparison, s. Please, please ....
    2. +6
      28 August 2017 08: 22
      Quote: p-k Oparyshev
      The kings pumped huge funds out of the Country and the people to boast in the luxury of yachts. Their tonnage and variety exceeded all sorts of limits. They are a bit stupid akin to modern New and not only Russian. Go to 100 miles from Sevastopol, not by car, and on the squadron, it's just no words

      laughing Dear, you will be surprised, but the leaders of the USSR, beginning with Stalin and ending with Gorbachev, lived no less elegantly than Russian tsars! Iosif Vissarionovich often used battle cruisers (Chervona Ukraine and Molotov) to travel miles on the 100, Comrade Brezhnev built as many as two yachts, the Caucasus and Crimea, sailing under the flag of a sea border guard unit. Comrade the great Marshal Zhukov, chronically hating the fleet, for the solidity of his visit to Yugoslavia, the Kuybyshev cruiser was requested.
      So, Comrade Colonel Oparyshev, the ruling elite, it is also the elite in Africa hi
      1. 0
        30 August 2017 01: 26
        In your . 3-storey) and even not at all) gosdach- this is commensurate with the residences of the kings, who at the same time also owned palaces. And besides, these were state deliveries that did not personally belong to this or that leader. But these leaders did many times more for the country than most of the novels. After all, they created a superpower, an industrial one. high technology.
        1. +1
          30 August 2017 06: 53
          Quote: znavel
          After all, they created a superpower, an industrial one. high technology.

          Under the kings, Russia turned into a power with which Europe was reckoned. Everything has its time.
          1. 0
            2 September 2017 01: 27
            Yes, yes, and when there were no kings, there was no conversation with her. Just think, some country with some kind of Prince Svyatoslav (the largest at that time in all of Europe by territory). What is it to reckon with her, with this confederation of veche republics? So, the current protection of the Mediterranean masters recruited from these Russian, and so interesting nothing)))))
    3. +3
      29 August 2017 05: 24
      From the diary of Nicholas II:
      19 January 1905:
      A tiring day.
      After the report there was a big reception. Had breakfast: George and Minnie. He took three wounded lower. rank., which gave the insignia Military. orders. Then he accepted the deputation of workers from large factories and plants in St. Petersburg, to whom he said a few words about the recent riots.
      (On January 19, Nicholas II accepted a workers ’deputation, in which urgent workers from St. Petersburg and the province were urgently selected by the gendarmerie and police. Many of them didn’t even know for what purpose they were collected and taken to the tsar. Moreover, the workers did not utter a word. Nikolai in his “speech” he said that he knew how hard it was for the workers, but it was even harder for the owners, so you stay there, and he will not tolerate unrest and will put them on the vine.)

      And this is according to Tsushima:
      19 of May. Thursday.
      Now the terrible news of the death of almost the entire squadron in a two-day battle has finally been confirmed. Rozhdestvensky wounded himself captured !!
      The day was wonderful, which added even more sadness to the soul. Had three reports. Breakfast Petyusha. I went on horseback. Lunch: Olga, Petya, Voronov - com. Primor. drag. regiment and his wife.
      May 20th. Friday.
      It was really hot. In the morning they heard thunder in the distance. Took many. She had breakfast A.A. Naryshkina. Took Trepov.
      Walked and rode in a kayak. At 7 o’clock. the three of us went with Petya to Gatchina. We dined and rode together in the menagerie. Returned to 11.
      May 21st. Saturday.
      Been busy all morning. Breakfast Fredericks. Walked with Alix in the warm rain. Later the weather got better, rode on the pond. We had lunch together. Long took the old nobleman Paskhalov.
      May 22th. Sunday.
      At 11 a.m. there was a funeral mass, and then a requiem for those killed and perished in the war.
      Uncle Vladimir, Andrey and Petya (dezh.) Had breakfast with us. We walked for a long time and rode in a kayak and a boat. We had lunch and skated with Olga and Petya.
      May 23th. Monday.
      Have a nice warm day. Had three reports. Had breakfast at d. Alexey. He rode a new gray horse, which I really liked. After tea and all evening long I read.
      May 24th. Tuesday.
      From 11 hours until 1 1/2 I had a military conference. Breakfast: Ella, D. Vladimir and D. Alexey.
      He accepted the report of Lamsdorf. Riding a horse. We drank tea like all these days on the balcony. The weather was wonderful. At 8 o’clock. Mom came from Gatchina. We had lunch and spent the evening together. He played with Dmitry Cher [emetev] (dezh.) On billiards.

      Those. on military issues, all the time spent 2,5 hours. It was sad, so I had to unwind, partying, riding, new horses ... And yes, the king, a statesman ...
      1. +1
        29 August 2017 07: 41
        Quote: Andrey NM
        Lamsdorf

        Quote: Andrey NM
        Those. on military issues, all the time spent 2,5 hours.

        Is it?
        Quote: Andrey NM
        19 of May. Thursday.
        Had three reports.

        Quote: Andrey NM
        May 20th. Friday.
        Took many. Took Trepov.

        Quote: Andrey NM
        May 21st. Saturday.
        Been busy all morning.

        Quote: Andrey NM
        May 23th. Monday.
        Had three reports.

        Quote: Andrey NM
        May 24th. Tuesday.
        From 11 hours until 1 1/2 I had a military conference.
        He accepted the report of Lamsdorf.
        Are you sure that all these receptions and reports did not concern the war? Moreover, also the revolution was brewing. In general, that is, a government to solve state problems.
        1. +2
          29 August 2017 10: 32
          Quote: verner1967
          Are you sure that all these receptions and reports did not concern the war?

          What's wrong? What did police general Trepov and Lamsdorf have to do with military issues in the east? The country is at war! What fun? What does the government have to do with military control? The government should be subordinate to the solution of military tasks: mobilizing human resources and the economy, supplying troops, and at the head of all this should be a person who coordinates all these issues. Yes, the king had to work days and nights, and not "all morning" and "three reports." What I quoted is only part of the iceberg. All these lansdorffs solved personal tasks, theft in the highest echelons of power was beyond.
          1. +1
            29 August 2017 11: 18
            Quote: Andrey NM
            What did police general Trepov and Lamsdorf have to do with military issues in the east?

            I already wrote that the country had a pre-revolutionary situation, in addition to the war, there were things. Besides,
            Lamsdorf V.N. June 1900 was appointed head of the Ministry, and from December 25, 1900 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. His policy was a continuation of the policy of his predecessor, Count Muravyov. He tried to spread and strengthen Russia's influence in the Balkans and the Far East. In the Far East, Lamsdorf pursued a policy of gradual expansion of Russian possessions. The withdrawal of troops from Manchuria, as agreed by the 1902 treaty, was not completely carried out by Russia, which was one of the reasons for the war with Japan (1904-1905). He advocated a moderate course in Far Eastern policy (an agreement with Japan and a peaceful resolution of the Korean-Manchurian issue).
            The Far East question was not decided by a single war.
            Quote: Andrey NM
            What does the government have to do with military control?

            and isn't the minister of war included in the government?
            Quote: Andrey NM
            The government should be subordinate to the solution of military tasks: mobilizing human resources and the economy, supplying troops, and at the head of all this should be a person who coordinates all these issues.

            so it was this that was being done and coordinated by the prime minister.
            Quote: Andrey NM
            Yes, the king had to work day and night

            to whom should? What to work on? In 1915, when he assumed the post of commander in chief, he lived and worked at Headquarters.
            Quote: Andrey NM
            All these lansdorfs solved personal problems.

            Have you been present during their conversations with the Sovereign? what
            1. +2
              29 August 2017 12: 58
              Quote: verner1967
              to whom should? What to work on?

              Yes, he doesn’t owe anything. So I ended up like this.
              Nicholas II, knowing the date of the outbreak of hostilities by Japan, took absolutely no action.
              The Ministry of Defense or the Ministry of War and the like are intended to control the armed forces in peacetime. In wartime, it obeys the Supreme Command rate.

              You know, Nikolai’s entry in the diary touched: "Today I was on duty on the shelf. We played cricket with the officers, drank champagne ..."

              Quote: verner1967
              so it was this that was being done and coordinated by the prime minister.

              So it was so busy ...

              Quote: verner1967
              Have you been present during their conversations with the Sovereign?

              I have the impression that you were helping the Minister of War at that time :),
              but I just love to read documents on the history of our state.
              1. +1
                29 August 2017 13: 48
                Quote: Andrey NM
                but I just love to read documents on the history of our state.

                e.g. diaries)))))
                Quote: Andrey NM
                You know, Nikolai’s entry in the diary touched: "Today I was on duty on the shelf. We played cricket with the officers, drank champagne ..."

                it happened and we also drank beer on duty in part)))
                Quote: Andrey NM
                Nicholas II, knowing the date of the outbreak of hostilities by Japan, took absolutely no action.

                and what actions should he take, in your opinion?
                1. +2
                  29 August 2017 14: 38
                  e.g. diaries)))))

                  Including diaries.

                  Quote: verner1967
                  and what actions should he take, in your opinion?

                  At least get out of the kayak ...

                  Quote: verner1967
                  it happened and we also drank beer on duty in part)))

                  If we drank on duty and on duty, there would be more Kurskov. This does not need to flaunt.
                  1. +1
                    29 August 2017 15: 58
                    Quote: Andrey NM
                    Including diaries.

                    these are not documents
                    Quote: Andrey NM
                    At least get out of the kayak ..

                    and what would it give? It is necessary to prepare for war in advance, but here at least in a kayak, at least in the toilet ...
                    Quote: Andrey NM
                    This does not need to flaunt.

                    this is not bravado, this is life
                    1. +1
                      30 August 2017 01: 35
                      When you try to joke not in a smart way, even put on cowards)))) Believe me, it is the diaries that are the document. Man writes for himself, not for others. His essence is more evident in this.
                      From a kayak, then. I shouldn’t go out, and continue fishing with lezhenka? Well, well, here many did not like that our darkest Kursk at the time didn’t even show up ... the opportunity, sss .... It doesn’t matter. that you are not ready for war, it is important that you take the most active part in the situation. You probably will not agree with this in order to emphasize your indiscretion. but, I suppose, at least mentally you will pinch yourself painfully for such an improper orbit
                      1. +2
                        30 August 2017 06: 58
                        Quote: znavel
                        Check it out, it is the diaries that are the document. Man writes for himself, not for others. His essence is more evident in this.

                        so is the essence of man important to you or historical facts? My mother keeps my letters (also a kind of diary), when I read them, I thought if I wrote them. The war period generally consists of drunkenness and fun adventures. Not everything was stated in the diaries. “was busy,” “accepted that,” “had three reports”, what is hidden behind this, what are the talks, reports about? And say the diary. It’s you who are joking in your underpants, well, well?
                        Quote: znavel
                        Never mind. that you are not ready .. it is important that you take the most active part in this situation.
                        you did not serve as a political officer in the army? The standard nickname for such: "panic generator" vanity, is not a sign of activity. The delivery of troops to the theater of operations lasted about a month, and from the fact that the emperor, having tucked the hem in five minutes on the water, nothing would happen to run from the kayak to the palace on dry land.
                    2. +1
                      30 August 2017 04: 37
                      Quote: verner1967
                      and what would it give? It is necessary to prepare for war in advance, but here at least in a kayak, at least in the toilet ...

                      You have a short memory ... I wrote that Nikolai knew in advance about the outbreak of hostilities on the part of Japan. But he never got out of the kayak.

                      Quote: verner1967
                      this is not bravado, this is life

                      If the person on duty in part ferments beer and he gets away with it, then what is happening in the part itself? Then we are surprised that the young fighter escaped, somewhere the warehouse pulled, etc.
                      1. +1
                        30 August 2017 07: 10
                        Quote: Andrey NM
                        I wrote that Nicholas knew in advance about the outbreak of hostilities on the part of Japan

                        in advance is how much? In a year. During this time, plans for this matter were developed at the General Staff, it’s another matter that these plans were not fully implemented, they did not want to provoke Japan. And when it started, then sit in a kayak, don’t sit in one day, you won’t change anything.
                        Quote: Andrey NM
                        what is going on in the part itself?

                        everything is in the normal mode, not a single TLP while ensuring flights for six years is our fault. True, not all six years we drank on duty.
          2. 0
            29 August 2017 11: 32
            For comparison, a visit log comrade Bring Stalin during the war, but too lazy to look. I think the master will find it if he wants. Hardly, of course.
            1. +1
              29 August 2017 11: 52
              Quote: avva2012
              visit log comrade Stalin during the war lead

              don't bother, saw, just name the posts
              Quote: avva2012
              comrade Stalin
              which he held at that time. And then, after all, was I right? Stalin is an autocratic king. Well, if you compare him with Nikolai?
              1. +1
                29 August 2017 12: 11
                I.V. Stalin, knew how to work. He not only combined them, but also managed at his workplace. Well, as for the king, as you are closer, call him that. If you want to. He is not hot from this, not cold.
                1. +1
                  29 August 2017 12: 17
                  Quote: avva2012
                  but coped on his workplace.
                  and what workplace did Nikolai have? And why the comparison between the Sovereign and the General Secretary? Why not the prime minister and the secretary general? Or are we, after all, exchanged one king for another?
              2. +1
                30 August 2017 01: 39
                What a thoughtful and yet stupid conclusion. Any person who is compared with nicholas, for you becomes an autocrat? Or is it not in monarchies that issues will always be collectively decided by a committee of at least three people?
                And people like you also made St. Nicholas a saint, do you think that comparing someone with a St. Nicholas, considers him a saint as well? Ha ha ha, let's laugh - it’s a very sensible and appropriate joke, don’t you?
                1. +1
                  30 August 2017 07: 20
                  Quote: znavel
                  Ha ha ha let's laugh

                  laugh, only this show is without me, your conclusions, I just clarified. Yosca was an autocrat and after death you tried to make him a saint in the mausoleum, but ... it didn’t work out. Keep laughing. And how in monarchies you would decide the issues should be studied before laughing.
                  1. The comment was deleted.
                    1. +1
                      2 September 2017 12: 15
                      Quote: znavel
                      Yeska was the ruler of a power, not an empire or kingdom, but a power.

                      Well, Nicholas II was also the ruler of a power, moreover, a "great power"
                      The status of "great powers" was first formally recognized at the Vienna Congress of 1814-1815. With the creation of the Holy Alliance, this status was strengthened by the four countries participating in the anti-French coalition - Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia and, since 1818, also France
                      1. 0
                        17 September 2017 06: 56
                        Great country? And what is this for fruit? Here is a superpower, yes, above the rest, and a great one, only for some merits at some time. They are considered, but as practice has shown, with cattle for slaughter is the main function of Russia in the Entente.
            2. +1
              29 August 2017 13: 57
              Quote: avva2012
              For comparison, a visit log comrade Stalin during the war lead

              incorrect comparison, what is Japan then, what could it? Well, a mongrel was bitten by a bear’s hind paw, it hurts, offends, but not fatally. Even a total loss in the war promised only a loss of influence in China and forest concessions in Korea, only. And in the 41st power of that time, it was hot, I had to snarl in order to save my asses.
              1. +1
                30 August 2017 01: 41
                Duck magazines of visits to Comrade Stalin and in the prewar years were no less complete and varied. What is the meaning of Japan or Germany? At that time, all the leaders worked in their places, God forbid anyone, until they invent robots. And they were responsible for the signatures on the documents ....
              2. +1
                30 August 2017 04: 05
                the mongrel bit at the bear’s hind paw, it hurts, is insulting, but not fatal.

                Because of the incompetent command and control of the troops, the Japanese, how many tens of thousands of our soldiers and officers took their lives? And the crowned one was bored and sad. Trash.
                1. +1
                  30 August 2017 07: 21
                  Quote: avva2012
                  And the crowned one was bored and sad.

                  do you think he should have been happy? Well, yes, the “best friend of athletes” didn’t feel sad about the losses, which was so far before him.
                  1. 0
                    30 August 2017 10: 28
                    But we don’t know if he was sad. Once I.V. Stalin apparently was bullshit, as an institute, to pee diaries. And passionate, sometimes he shot at crows and cats, then he dropped his deep thoughts on a piece of paper, where did he, the sick man, find time to deal with state affairs? And what letters he wrote to his little wife! Two pigeons are simple. Only, there is no sadness, no love for the head of state. You have to pay for everything, and so the lack of family life and ordinary human joys is the price. The future citizen of Romanov, did not understand this. And all would be fine, but his snot for the country ended in blood and suffering of his subjects (for which he was responsible to God, as we know). There is nothing more disgusting than how to justify the tsar’s rag, "here, de, they say, the Bolsheviks have come also other, different socialists." We all carry a cross of varying severity throughout our lives, few people see anything good in this world, but anyone is obliged to carry it to the grave plaque and preferably with dignity. Surrender the country as a squadron, probably, does not apply to actions that you can be proud of.
                  2. 0
                    2 September 2017 01: 35
                    He had to inspire and lead the battle. However, why do you fit so nicely with Nicholas when it is common knowledge that all the officers very soon hated this foolishly? And the officers just do not begin to hate the commander in chief- not a meeting of noble tea girls.
                    1. +1
                      2 September 2017 12: 22
                      Quote: znavel
                      However, why do you fit so nicely

                      Firstly, I don’t fit for Nicholas II, it’s just that these allegedly “achievements” of Stalin are being extolled to heaven against his background. Secondly,
                      Quote: znavel
                      all the officers very soon fiercely hated this idiot

                      do not distort, even after the revolution, many officers remained monarchists, and in the 15th year, when Nicholas assumed the post of commander in chief, this caused an unprecedented rise in the troops, moreover, among the lower ranks, in particular.
                      1. +1
                        17 September 2017 07: 03
                        And what does the officers ’world outlook mean? It rarely changes in a person and is the most awkward in a person. It’s hard to rethink the hammered from childhood. All these monarchists would have killed Nikolashka themselves, as if they had discredited their concept of monarchy. And what was the feat of assuming the post of commander in chief in the year 15? After that, he left for the front and didn’t get out before victory. Did the soldier take the attack? He took enemy fortresses, but drowned German squadrons? Nope, I listened to a grishka with my wife, but suffered morally for the killed soldiers (like our EBN in the first Chechen one). Of course. people can experience subcircuits when something positive begins upstairs, only then disappointment from such commanders-in-chief is worse ....
                        But Stalin was the real Supreme.
  3. +5
    27 August 2017 07: 49
    Great article. An excellent analysis of the actions of "our" kings, who spent the money of the people on their pleasures.
    1. +2
      27 August 2017 13: 36
      Quote: Moryarty
      An excellent analysis of the actions of "our" kings, who spent the money of the people on their pleasures.

      Moreover, the list of "our" kings in the 17th did not end)))))))))
      1. The comment was deleted.
        1. +1
          30 August 2017 07: 25
          Quote: znavel
          but with a head on his shoulders

          well, yes, one such with "head on his shoulders" (bald) agriculture finished off, and the other with "head on his shoulders" (labeled) he completely ruined the country, a lot has been said about the rest of the heads, burr and mustachioed. Where to them before our august, who collected centuries of land, which are now called Russia.
          1. 0
            2 September 2017 01: 39
            But Khrushchev managed to finish the agriculture? The miss with corn that is attributed to him is still refuted by the presence of huge areas sown with corn throughout the middle zone of Russia. You update the manuals, you still have them from the sixties))))
            And the spotted man didn’t belong to the generation of the Bolsheviks anymore, for example, the bureaucrat from the party from the post-war generation of dodgers without a father’s hand on a cursed neck
        2. +1
          2 September 2017 12: 26
          Quote: znavel
          who before coming to power passed fire. water and copper, yes with pounds of salt for breakfast.
          yeah, with ink bottles of bread and milk, instead of ink in prisons, in links with sickly contents at the expense of the treasury, with hunting, ice-skating, visits to lovers, with escapes from there anytime abroad, and what kind of “terrible” conditions are there the contents were .... Revolutionaries, they are such revolutionaries!
          1. 0
            17 September 2017 07: 08
            Well, the content of these revolutionaries was, the more honorable it is to renounce all this and begin the fight against what led Russia to death. Well then, already half a century then, as one defeat or Pyrrhic victory brought one after another. Even the situation with the then terrorists could not be solved. But this is not an Alkaida which was and not an IRA. It was possible to calculate, just did not want to move. You read from a note of the chief of counterintelligence of Nikolaev? A pro of his level, he also believed that the top was rotten to the bone, and who is to blame first in such a situation? It’s not right to order yachts here, but to be compared to Pyotr Alekseyich, but they were all really Germans by blood, and lazy
  4. +17
    27 August 2017 08: 11
    The article is informative, but for the mocking tone - a fat minus. The author, apparently with a great mind, talks about the "flight" of the Russian Emperors to Gatchina, "forgetting" that they were declared a terrorist hunt by socialists of all stripes. So security measures, including a yacht and moving to Gatchina, were more than justified. As for the yacht, which was distilled from the Baltic to the Black Sea, this fact convincingly proves that the savings to the Emperors were not alien. The emperor could easily order to build and maintain more than one yacht on each of the seas, but this, as you know, was not done. And in general, the article leaves the impression of yet another Russophbian filth, the purpose of which is to pour a known substance on Russian history in general and on Russian Sovereigns in particular.
    1. +2
      27 August 2017 18: 29
      The lieutenant, when I read, I thought: it was written back in 1920-1922 or paid for by certain forces
    2. The comment was deleted.
  5. +10
    27 August 2017 08: 12
    The author, apparently, all got messed up from the information: then in May 1917 the Soviet power appeared something else. And now some additions.
    1 . Alexander 3 really lived in Gatchina, he loved Gatchina, and Nikolay 2, after the death of his father, transferred the official residence to the Winter Palace, lived there until 1905, and after the revolution of 1905 Tsarskoye Selo became the official residence.
    2, the yacht "Svetlana" with the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War was retrained as an auxiliary cruiser "Svetlana" and heroically died.
    3. The so-called date in Biorca. Nikolay 2 went there on a Standard yacht, accompanied by the Varyag cruiser, and William 2 came accompanied by several cruisers and destroyers. There was an international embarrassment there: at the end of the negotiations, Emperor Nikolai sailed on a yacht, and the Varyag was delayed by the “Accident in the car” (the cruiser was just built, the team had mastered it badly and someone had screwed up the car). Wilhelm immediately passed the order: "All German cruisers to accompany Emperor Nicholas"
    More details about Svetlana and Grigorovich and the accident from Bogatyrev will be told by Andrey from Chelyabinsk. It seems that there was already a talk about the causes of WWI. Again, Samsonov, Shpakovsky and others can tell you better than me.
    Concerning the Britannia yacht, it does not seem appropriate for me to compare the events before and after WWII.
    1. +1
      27 August 2017 09: 35
      No need to be capricious. Supplemented and thank you.
    2. +7
      27 August 2017 09: 54
      At the same cash desk:
      The battleship Vernier of the Danton class was completed in 1911; he could not even be theoretically in Reval in 1908, since he had not yet been launched.

      In general, the flight of the author’s imagination is not impeded even by time, matter and space)))
      1. +1
        27 August 2017 11: 16
        Quote: Tyomanator
        In general, the flight of the author’s imagination is not impeded even by time, matter and space)))

        You have lost sight of the time machine. The article has more than one temporary blunder.
    3. +5
      27 August 2017 11: 20
      And one more addition - the location and movement of the Russian emperors, the author writes, was secret N1 for the population ... Yes, it was a secret .. But in the USSR, was it different on the movements and resting places of our general secretaries every day, Soviet workers were informed "To tell the truth? The emperors did not live in the Winter Palace (where, incidentally, with the beginning of the PMV a hospital was opened for seriously injured people), so the Soviet leaders did not live in the Kremlin, but in the country residences and hunted in their closed hunting grounds" Zavidovo "in the Moscow region .. They also didn’t rest in trade union sanatoriums — in the Caucasus and in Crimea there were enough state deliveries .... And the 9th KGB Directorate carefully monitored that mere mortals in places inhabited by “celestials” from the Politburo did not appear and did not seek adventures on their ....
      So it’s not very clear what Shirokorad wanted to say with his next creation about the life of Russian tsars - when in Russia it was different?
      1. MrK
        +4
        27 August 2017 12: 53
        Quote: ranger
        and hunted in their closed hunting ground "Zavidovo" in the suburbs ..

        Not in their own, but in state ones.
        1. +6
          27 August 2017 13: 43
          Quote: mrark
          Not in their own, but in state ones.

          well, yes, it’s state-owned, and when our general secretaries rested in other dachas or lived in the Kremlin, workers and collective farmers rested in these dachas, right? what is verbiage?
          1. +2
            28 August 2017 03: 00
            Quote: verner1967
            well, yes, it’s state-owned, and when our general secretaries rested in other dachas or lived in the Kremlin, workers and collective farmers rested in these dachas, right? what is verbiage?


            Let me disagree with you. In the event of the death of the secretary general, state transfers did not become the property of the heirs, and the new owners "entered" them ... In the case of the imperial family, it is somewhat different - cottages, palaces, hunting lodges, etc. kept at the expense of the treasury but were not the property of the state, but of the royal family ... So a little difference hi
            1. +3
              28 August 2017 06: 19
              Quote: Vladimir73
              In the event of the death of the Secretary General, state transfers did not become the property of heirs,

              Yes, that’s true, but the heirs were also provided enough at the expense of the state. And the previous owner didn’t care who owned these dachas. The only difference here is that the throne was inherited, and the post of secretary general (first secretary) in the political will. In any case, it’s neither cold nor hot for the people. hi
              1. +2
                28 August 2017 07: 11
                why did the people warm that this property was state-owned, i.e. people's ... The security of the relatives of the general secretaries - gee - how Khrushchev "provided" the relatives of Stalin, especially his son Vasily ...)) how the relatives and Brezhnev’s daughter provided,)) very clearly. Probably the last thing they did to Leonid Ilyich’s relatives and encouraged Mechny and “comrades-in-arms” to liquidate the Soviet regime so that the children got the “blood earned” property without any problems)) recourse
                1. +1
                  29 August 2017 08: 00
                  Quote: Vladimir73
                  why did the people warm that this property was state-owned, i.e. folk ...

                  and more precisely, built at the expense of the people, so it was very "warm"
                  Quote: Vladimir73
                  how Khrushchev "provided" Stalin's relatives

                  Quote: Vladimir73
                  as provided by relatives and daughter Brezhnev,))

                  and this is because the change of power at that time was a mini or real coup (thank God, bloodless) and all this happened after the death of the next "leader", but in life that provision was. After the abdication of Nicholas II, his relatives and friends were also “provided” in full. And if you look back into history, the relatives of the abjured or deposed kings also did not really like it.
                  1. The comment was deleted.
                    1. +1
                      30 August 2017 04: 09
                      are you preparing to lick the new king’s boots?

                      Yes, not the king, but the invaders. Behind the tinsel of monarchical ideas lies the usual Svidomo, Khivi.
                    2. +1
                      30 August 2017 07: 30
                      Quote: znavel
                      Do you pretend to be a naive and don’t remember that state property intended for the life of managers was supposed to serve as state secrets?

                      directly all 20 cottages, not counting the apartment in the Kremlin? fool
                      1. 0
                        2 September 2017 01: 41
                        Directly all 20 cottages located in different parts of the country. Do you offer the ruler of the country during the Cold War, WWII and during the isolation regime of the USSR to settle in hotels? Twist at your temple, there you didn’t mess out childishly and very funny hits your nose)))))
  6. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 30
    Photo of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolayevich with sailors on the imperial yacht "Standard" in 1908.
  7. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 32
    Watch sailor on the deck at the helm in the aft.
  8. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 33
    The cabin and the captain’s bridge.
  9. +4
    27 August 2017 08: 34
    View of the deck.
    1. +2
      27 August 2017 09: 39
      They knew how to do it. I don’t see any special differences from the recent past. Great masters did miracles with their own hands. Who remembers them?
    2. +2
      27 August 2017 18: 33
      Thanks for the photos
  10. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 36
    General view of the wardroom for personnel.
  11. The comment was deleted.
  12. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 41
    View of the galley.
  13. +5
    27 August 2017 08: 43
    Engine room of the yacht.
  14. +7
    27 August 2017 08: 43
    Quote: Lieutenant Teterin
    08:11
    The article is informative, but for the mocking tone - a fat minus.

    Oh lovers crunch, right there.
  15. +7
    27 August 2017 08: 45
    View of one of the salons
  16. +10
    27 August 2017 08: 46
    Quote: Lieutenant Teterin
    please recall the motorcades and hunting houses of the Soviet secretaries general. And the year-round guarded by the NKVD 14 (I don’t remember the exact number now) of the "state" dachas of Dzhugashvili, and the provision of his son Vasily.

    And you, remember how many sanatoriums and rest houses for the people were built under the king? About pioneer, sports camps for children, you can also remember.
    1. +4
      27 August 2017 13: 47
      Quote: kvs207
      how many sanatoriums and rest houses for the people were built under the king?

      but was it really interesting to consider under Soviet power? In Nizhny Novgorod, I definitely know about two dispensaries for workers at the Sormovsk factories. In addition, in those days, rarely in what country were they building
      Quote: kvs207
      sanatoriums and rest houses for the people
    2. +3
      27 August 2017 17: 16
      Recall who forgot? wink Sanatorium-resort treatment, a type of treatment and prophylactic assistance to the population, was based on the predominant use of natural healing factors (climate, mineral waters, therapeutic mud, sea bathing, etc.). It is carried out taking into account the achievements of balneology, internal medicine clinic and other medical disciplines. The complex of factors of sanatorium-resort treatment also includes a change in the situation and turning off the patient from the usual working and living conditions, especially the natural conditions and landscape of the resorts, etc.
      In 1926 at the initiative of N. A. Semashko in Moscow, the Central Institute of Balneology was organized. The 1971 Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy functioned in 14, the tasks of which included finding resort resources, studying their properties, the mechanism of action of individual physical factors of the resort on the body; development of treatment methods and taking into account their effectiveness in various diseases; compilation of indications and contraindications for spa treatment; studying the needs of the population in sanatorium-resort treatment and developing development plans for resorts in the USSR, forms and methods of organizing resorts and resort institutions; principles and standards of resort construction and improvement. As a result of the research, the hydromineral base of existing resorts was expanded, large reserves of mineral water and mud deposits in various parts of the country were identified, on the basis of which new resorts appeared, effective comprehensive treatment methods for various diseases were developed and put into practice.
      1. +2
        27 August 2017 17: 24
        And what about the French bun?
        The first works of the scientific study of mineral waters and the opening of the first resorts in Russia were connected with Peter I. During the construction of plants in Petrozavodsk, Ivan Reboev discovered the healing properties of local sources and told the manager of the plant, and he told Peter I. Peter tried the effect of mineral water on himself and ordered to build a resort Marcial waters (1714 g.). From this moment begins the study of hydromineral resources of Russia. Peter I sent his life physician Schober to the Caucasus, where he discovered the famous Caucasian Mineral Waters. However, Peter issued a decree on treatment areas, which he declared state property. However, the resort in Pyatigorsk was created almost 100 years later - in 1803, when Alexander I gave the task to the famous architect and encyclopedic scientist Nikolai Lvov to arrange medical institutions in the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The eternal companion of Lvov Ivanov wrote: “From Georgievsk we went to the Alexandrovsky or Bogatyrsky sour waters ... Hot water from a high rocky and swaying mountain underfoot, flowing, reeking of powder and everything covered with stone shell, then sour water of the most pleasant taste, escaping from the earth.” Nikolai Lvov designed therapeutic baths and greenhouses near hot waters. However, due to an epidemic, the resort opened only a few years later and at the beginning acted as a rehabilitation institution, where the officers who were wounded in the war with the highlanders were treated, and the local nobility drank medicinal water. At the same time, a mineral water resort was created in the south of the Moscow Region in the Nashchokin estate. At the beginning of the 19th century, mineral waters were also found in other regions of Russia, where several still operating resorts were opened: Khilovo in the Pskov region, Staraya Russa in Novgorod. A little later, the Tver resort “Kashin”, the Samara “Sergiev Mineral Waters” and the hydropathic center in Lipetsk are added to them.
        Gradually, the geography of the study of mineral waters begins to expand and passes through the Urals to Siberia. In 1868, the researcher Afanasy Bushuev discovered mineral springs in the far north-east of Russia on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk near present Magadan (Talaya resort). In 1878, a resort was opened in the city of Sol-Iletsk, 70 km from Orenburg, with a water and mud bath. Interest in the study of mineral waters prompted the organization of the first Russian scientific and resort society. In 1863 in Pyatigorsk the "Balneological Society" was established. Along with the healing properties of mineral waters and therapeutic muds, a favorable climate effect was revealed on patients on the southern coast of Crimea. Healing properties of koumiss were also revealed. The network of health resorts using natural healing resources was gradually expanding. But scientific work on the study of natural healing factors was carried out mainly by enthusiastssuch as F.P. Haaz, F.A. Batalin, A.P. Nelyubin, A.I. Voeykov. Outstanding doctors S.P. Botkin, N.I. Pirogov, G.A. Zakharyin, A.A. Ostroumov repeatedly in his speeches and publications emphasized the importance of spa treatment in complex therapy and proved the advantages of Russian natural healing resources. However, practitioners continued to send their patients to resorts in Western Europe. The entire elite of the society preferred to relax abroad. Concerned about the outflow of currency from Russia abroad, the tsarist government decided to lease some large resorts, hoping for their arrangement with the help of private capital. This did not give significant results, but created the prerequisites for their further development in a number of resorts. A systematic study of mineral waters began, general resort services were created, general resort infrastructure began to develop: hotels and roads were built, for example, along the southern coast of Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. At the resorts, an entertainment industry began to be created, kursals were built, where balls were given and concerts were held. By the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had 36 resorts, combining 60 resorts, with a total capacity of 3000 places, as well as several kumis treatment centers. As the saying goes, feel the difference. wink What is it, about hunting and suburban state houses in the USSR, they said, al?
        1. +3
          28 August 2017 07: 11
          Quote: avva2012
          In 1926, at the initiative of N. A. Semashko, the Central Institute of Balneology was organized in Moscow. In 1971, there were 14 research institutes of balneology and physiotherapy

          Quote: avva2012
          In 1863, the "Balneological Society" was established in Pyatigorsk.

          Well, yes, a typical soviet approach in comparison,
          and let's take the indicators for the 75th year and compare the lope there in the 13th year it was?
          Yes, in the USSR sanatoriums were built, but until the end of the 50s they were used mainly by residents of the capital and large cities, as well as functionaries and party nomenclature, they were inaccessible to the bulk of the working people. But still we are talking about state sanatoriums and rest homes, i.e. the whole country was built so that some would have a rest. At the same time, there were no state sanatoriums in the capitalist countries, but their citizens could rest in private and not only in their own country, but also abroad. In particular, what our "popular elite" did in the 20s and 30s. So the comparison is incorrect neither in time nor in fact. In addition, as practice has shown, a private sanatorium is much better than a state one, hence the term: shovel service.
          1. +1
            28 August 2017 09: 13
            In spa treatment, the main thing is not a service in the form of an 5 star number, but treatment. I am happy that you got what you wanted. You will not be treated for free, not your relatives, not their children. I hope you are satisfied, the "damned scoop" has passed away. Earn money as our beloved prime minister advises. Enjoy the freedom.
            but until the end of the 50-s they were mainly used by residents of the capital and large cities, as well as functionaries and party nomenclature, they were inaccessible to the bulk of the working people.
            link please pliz.
            ps Literature: Poltoranov V.V., Mazur M.M., Sanatorium-resort treatment and its effectiveness, [M.], 1969; Handbook of balneology and balneotherapy, M., 1973. Basics of balneology, ed. V.A. Aleksandrova, vol. 2, M., 1959 p. Lozinsky A. A., Lectures on General Balneology, M., 1949; Resorts of the USSR, M., 1962; Ivanov V.V., Neraev G.A., Classification of underground mineral waters, M., 1964. pps For those who have not found the Union, reading will be cooler than the works of Tolkien.
            1. +1
              29 August 2017 08: 09
              Quote: avva2012
              In spa treatment, the main thing is not a service in the form of a 5 star room, but treatment.

              I agree, but treatment should be a treatment, not an image thereof. In a paid sanatorium, for example, an underwater shower massage is carried out for 15-20 minutes and consists of 15-18 sessions (by the way, the instructions for this massage are also prescribed), and in the state sanatorium 10 minutes and God forbid, 10 sessions will be prescribed . I know firsthand (I took it) that a relative works as a nurse in the physiotherapy department of the sanatorium. And so is the treatment. Yes, and by the way, why did you bring this list of references? It’s well known how to be treated well in a sanatorium, but it is not written in this literature how they treat really, but how really, I wrote.
              1. 0
                29 August 2017 11: 40
                I know firsthand (I took it) that a relative works as a nurse in the physiotherapy department of the sanatorium.

                Do you think that your personal experience is absolutely true? belay I, somehow with one comrade on about. Baikal traveled. Everyone is happy, children and even his wife. Ah, he: "and that Baikal, a large puddle." So, your personal experience, this is only your experience. And about the nurse, as a source, this is generally an example for the stupid laughing , you are still an example of the operating room, the nurse’s opinion.
                1. +1
                  29 August 2017 12: 01
                  Quote: avva2012
                  Do you think that your personal experience is absolutely true?
                  No, I will believe textbooks about resorts. My personal experience is not so small, thank God, traveled to sanatoriums. Plus communication with people.
                  Quote: avva2012
                  And about the nurse, as a source, this is generally an example for the deaf, you still give an opinion as an example of the operating room, the nurse.

                  I see you are exactly that .... and are. Here's to you for an educational program so that you don’t get into a puddle the next time: The nurse is just the person who is involved in this procedure and it is for her that the instructions for the session are written, and in words the instruction is given on how to actually do it. Because the norm is 12 people per shift, and the shift from 9 to 15 with a lunch break, baths and bathtub filling. Well, according to the instructions, 12 people can’t be served, this is the first, second, the person will not be for a penny that the state pays her to give all the best, a material incentive is another matter. A nurse from a nurse is different as well as a soldier from a warrant officer (again, for a stupid ... x)
            2. +1
              29 August 2017 08: 26
              Quote: avva2012
              In spa treatment, the main thing is not a service in the form of a 5 star room, but treatment.

              not so, everything is important in sanatorium treatment, including service, and when your aunt at the reception meets you with a view that you owe her money and are not going to give it away, and in your room you will find a broken cabinet without hangers, idle refrigerators and damp gray linen on the bed, what kind of psychological unloading can we talk about? Yes, and treatment should be a treatment, not an image thereof. In a paid sanatorium, for example, an underwater shower massage is carried out for 20-60 minutes and consists of 15-20 sessions (by the way, the instructions for this massage are also prescribed), and in the state sanatorium 10 minutes and God forbid, 10 sessions will be prescribed . I know firsthand (I took it) a relative works as a nurse in the physiotherapy department of the sanatorium. And so is the treatment. Yes, and by the way, why did you bring this list of references? It is well known how to be treated well in a sanatorium, but it is not written in this literature how they treat really, but how really, I wrote.
  17. +4
    27 August 2017 09: 08
    On the way from England to the Black Sea, the yacht landed in a storm in the Bay of Biscay and almost collapsed into pieces. Almost 8 months spent on repairs in the Spanish port of Ferrol.

    The yacht Livadia was ultra-durable and could not win back on the wave. It was a floating breakwater. See the article "The Goby Riding the Flounder" in TM magazine

    And by reference: Decoration of the yacht "Livadia"
    https://topwar.ru/52262-fotografii-russkoy-impera
    torskoy-yahty-livadiya-1870-e-london.html
  18. +7
    27 August 2017 09: 21
    Regarding the "flight of the kings from the capital." It is enough just to look at the interiors of the palaces to understand that it was very difficult to fully live in them. If the servants had their own “corners”, then the royal people had to huddle among continuous screens. Almost all the rooms were walk-through, and only the screens created some kind of enclosed space. In all the memoirs of Alexander III, it is mentioned that it was precisely for comfort that he preferred Gatchina to St. Petersburg.
    In general, not a successful attack in the direction of "tsarism."
  19. +1
    27 August 2017 09: 21
    an example of how the people and the sovereign did not understand each other
  20. +3
    27 August 2017 11: 56
    about the yachts of modern Russian billionaires article will be?)
  21. +1
    27 August 2017 14: 28
    And for the royal relatives a few more yacht cruisers were built. For Admiral General Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, the Svetlana cruiser yacht with a displacement of 3727 tons, because Alexei lacked the 1890 Strela marine yacht.


    “Square windows instead of round portholes directly indicated the yachting character of the cruiser” Skvortsov A.V.

    I think these facts about the cruiser Svetlana are much more significant than that of the author of the article.
  22. +1
    27 August 2017 18: 23
    Quote: ranger
    Quote: mrark
    But we, it turns out, under the tsar-priest, even in Denmark, cruisers ordered.

    Under the tsar - this, of course, is nothing more than evidence of the backwardness of the domestic shipbuilding industry ...
    Only here is what to do with the fact that what we are and under I.V. Stalin ordered warships and power plants, for example, in Italy - and in power there was the fascist regime of Mussolini ...
    And from Germany, shortly before the Second World War, they received the unfinished heavy cruiser Lutzov ...
    Well, the purchase of entire factories, and probably says no ....

    And this we do not consider
  23. +1
    27 August 2017 18: 44
    [quote = baudolino] Concerning the "flight of the kings from the capital." It is enough just to look at the interiors of the palaces to understand that it was very difficult to fully live in them. If the servants had their own “corners”, then the royal people had to huddle among continuous screens. Almost all the rooms were walk-through, and only the screens created some kind of enclosed space. In all the memoirs of Alexander III, it is mentioned that it was precisely for comfort that he preferred Gatchina to St. Petersburg.
    In general, not a successful attack in the direction of "tsarism"
    I read somewhere that Alexander 3 for some reason loved dark rooms, and the rooms in Zimniy were a lot piostone
  24. +3
    27 August 2017 20: 11
    Under Tsar Nicholas II, the population of Russia increased by several tens of millions of people. Under the current oligarchs, how much has it decreased? Well .... super-brand in the studio! How a simple "Dimon" lives.

    And my good advice: leave behind, you bastards, from the king. You can’t beg such a king anymore. Enjoy Abramovich, Prokhorov and others ...
    By the way, the movie about Dimona scored almost 25 million views. And what?
    1. 0
      28 August 2017 09: 20
      And my good advice: leave behind, you bastards, from the king. You can’t beg such a king anymore.

      Yes thank God! One more of the same and all, "there will be no kina."
  25. 0
    27 August 2017 20: 13
    If you draw a parallel with the past, it resembles what is happening at present ...... yachts, balls, privileged meals of privileged persons.
    In general, nothing has changed in the past 100 years with respect to commoners
  26. +3
    27 August 2017 23: 22
    Quote: ranger
    But here is what to do with the fact that we, it turns out, also under I.V. Stalin ordered warships and power plants, for example, in Italy

    This is how many warships did the USSR order from Italy? 2,5,10? Or TOTAL ONE leader "Tashkent"?
  27. +1
    27 August 2017 23: 25
    Quote: bionik
    General view of the wardroom for personnel.

    The fourth on the left is SAM. Nicholas II in person.
  28. 0
    27 August 2017 23: 32
    Quote: p-k Oparyshev
    , England’s policy has become meaner and tougher.

    Bravo. Fine. But the pearl top is "tougher" !!!!!!!! NOT ASHAMED?
  29. +1
    27 August 2017 23: 37
    Quote: Monarchist
    , and after the revolution of 1905, Tsarskoye Selo became the official residence.
    Which served as the basis. For the nickname that has stuck to it, "Tsarskoye Selo gopher"
    1. +1
      28 August 2017 10: 39
      which was given to him by the liberals of that time. and just people, like today's just-to-neighing comedy clubs
  30. +5
    27 August 2017 23: 53
    Something recently, Mr. Shirokorad has frequently visited the VO website. Evidently things are going wrong.
    The main thing is that the author’s corporate identity is preserved - if something does not coincide with the story in my articles - this is her problem.
    If there was already an idea to tell about court yachts. perhaps it was necessary to start with the Royal Transport yacht, presented to Peter I by the English king on March 2, 1698.
    In the spring of 1715 Peter I ordered his boat to be transferred to the Baltic. On August 24, 1715, Royal Transport left Arkhangelsk. In September 1715, during a severe storm, a yacht died in the Kattegat Strait in the vicinity of the Swedish port of Gothenburg. The Swedes captured the surviving part of its crew, led by the third, last, ship's commander Hutchins.
    The construction of court yachts in Russia began in 1702 with the construction of the St. Catherine yacht by the Dutch ship foreman Vybe Gerens at the Voronezh shipyard. Following it, at the same shipyard, according to the drawings compiled by the ship foreman Peter Mikhailov (Peter I), the Liebe yacht is being built. As part of the Baltic Fleet, the first court yacht was also St. Catherine, launched in June 1706. It was built in England, after which it was disassembled and taken to St. Petersburg. In the autumn of the same year 1706, the Nadezhda yacht, built by shipbuilder Fedosey Sklyaev, set sail from the slipway of the Main Admiralty.
    The largest of the court yachts of the beginning of the 18th century was the 1719-gun Princess Anna, built in 25 by one of the leading ship masters of his time, R. Brown. Initially, it was called the "royal royal frigate", in memory of the yacht donated by Peter the Great by William of Orange. After the marriage of the daughter of Peter I Anna Petrovna with the Duke Karl Friedrich of Holstein-Gottorp, the young couple went to Princess Anne to Kiel on July 1727, 1733. Subsequently, this yacht was used for trips of members of the royal family to Peterhof and Kronshtadt, and in the last years of its long existence, it, which had fallen into disrepair, was only placed on the Neva opposite the Winter Palace along with the Virzow yacht built by Brown in 1735-1777. Both were part of the Baltic Fleet until XNUMX.
    During the XNUMXth century, the Baltic Fleet had thirty court and admiralty yachts. Of these, in addition to those already mentioned, two more should be noted, both called "Happiness."
    You can tell a lot more later. If anyone is really interested in the history of the imperial yachts of Russia without the verbal exertions of Shirokorad, I recommend an excellent article by the person who really understands the issue, the main curator of the ship fund of the Central Naval Museum, Andrei Leonidovich Larionov "From the History of Yachts of the Russian Imperial Navy." The article is beautifully illustrated, contains many technical details.
    Link to the article - (http://www.keu-ocr.narod.ru/Imp_yaht/)
  31. +1
    29 August 2017 12: 13
    Quote: avva2012
    He, for people like you, was in the top 10 executioners.

    Well, the executioners worked tirelessly, who told you that I idealize him?

    Quote: avva2012
    I’ll tell you more, the higher the post, the more work.
    responsibility is higher, and work .. this is the main service to deliver. And so in the country 3-4 months in the Caucasus. Yes, there were receptions, but not always, but reading books, making notes, writing your own works. Yes, and in the reception log you can see interruptions in work.
    Quote: avva2012
    Imagine how IV Stalin worked, in general, is not possible.
    Everything is possible.
    1. 0
      2 September 2017 17: 13
      Quote: verner1967
      who told you

      The phenomenal set of enchanting stupidity that you are demonstrating here raises a completely reasonable remark, why are you famous for trying to reason and condemn the activities of Stalin in his time?
      You do not want to remember one drunk on the throne or his predecessor, a crowsman?
      1. +1
        2 September 2017 17: 16
        Quote: Pancir026
        You do not want to remember one drunk on the throne

        why do I need it?
        Quote: Pancir026
        or his predecessor, a raven shooter?

        Humpback? and he shot at the crows? And, by the way, both the feeding mates of the CPSU so beloved by you, worthy successors of Lenin’s cause for the collapse of the country
  32. +1
    2 September 2017 16: 43
    Quote: znavel
    Do you propose to the ruler of the country during the Cold War, WWII and during the isolation regime of the USSR in hotels to settle?
    not, he would build 20 summer houses, half of which he had never visited, of the rest he regularly visited only three, but at the same time they were all year-round guarded by considerable forces. Incidentally, the leaders of the leading powers live in hotels during their trips, incl. and the president of the USA
    1. 0
      2 September 2017 17: 10
      Quote: verner1967
      including and the president of the USA

      Well, go to the USA, why are you bustling around here?
      Do you judge Stalin, if against his background, you are not visible at all?
      Do you even have to talk about holiday destinations, it’s just that’s what it is called, because at the same cottage Stalin himself WORKED. He didn’t ate vodka like your Yeltsin and Amer’s advisers, and ruined the country.
      1. +1
        2 September 2017 17: 14
        Quote: Pancir026
        Well, go to the USA, why are you bustling around here?

        Yes, judging by your statements, it’s time for you in the DPRK, to Eun, that’s a faithful Stalinist. But I’ll live somehow in my native Fatherland, be weak to God, survived communism.
        Quote: Pancir026
        at his dacha, the same Stalin WORKED

        I was in the country, I saw. Do not raise your capsule on me. It is necessary to unsubscribe from comments, adherents are tired. The USSR is dead, calm down!
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              1. +1
                5 September 2017 10: 31
                Quote: Pancir026
                Why should I go there if it’s not bad for me at home?

                so it is not necessary to drive me from my Fatherland.
                Quote: Pancir026
                Stalin was grateful to the Russian people, but not to you and not to your kind.

                but do not distance me from the Russian people, and if you do not like such a people, then I have already suggested that you move out of this country.
                Quote: Pancir026
                Again, this is not your merit.

                just like yours
                Quote: Pancir026
                You and others like you have profiled a whole layer of territorial and other achievements not only of the Soviet era, but also much earlier.

                you do not confuse me with communists?
                1. 0
                  5 September 2017 10: 36
                  Quote: verner1967
                  so it is not necessary to drive me from my Fatherland.

                  It’s possible, however, but people like you will get away from here.
                  Quote: verner1967
                  but do not distance me from the Russian people, and if you do not like such a people, then I have already suggested that you move out of this country.

                  You associate yourself with the “people” .. as Shafarevich said. There is such a “small people” in our country, it doesn’t matter which ethnic groups are composed, but have nothing to do with the big people, except for actions rare against the big people.
                  Quote: verner1967
                  just like yours

                  Mine is, yours is not.
                  Quote: verner1967
                  you do not confuse me with communists?

                  It is not possible to confuse you as a bearer of frankly non-Russian ideology and a dubious kind of values.
                  As for your tedious chewing gum, in an attempt to associate Gorbachev, Yeltsin and other dogs with the Gaidars and Chubais with the Communists, they can’t stand up to criticism a lot, they say a lot about your preferences, you are shifters-traitors in authorities. In general, a ready-made member of the fifth column in the country .
                  1. +1
                    5 September 2017 11: 08
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    you yourself will get away from here.

                    do not wait))))
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    Associate yourself with the "people"

                    Yes, with the Great People of Russia, and Shafarevich would be better off continuing to study mathematics, where he can do better.
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    Mine is

                    yah!!! And in what campaigns did you participate, what lands did you attach ??? Or are you about the collapse?
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    It is not possible to confuse you as a bearer of frankly non-Russian ideology and a dubious kind of values.

                    everything is correct, the exact image of a communist, but I’m not a communist
                    Quote: Pancir026
                    for you, changelings are traitors in authority.

                    so these are your shifters, and your main idol, nicknamed Lenin, formed this fifth column for coming to power, so that continuity is obvious lol

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