June 21 celebrates the Day of canine units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Annually 21 June in our country celebrates the Day of canine units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Day of canine). This holiday was officially approved by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia from 18 June 2004 of the year and is quite young. However, the tradition of dog service in our country has more than a century history.
In the Russian Empire, practicing the dog service in the police began with the 1906 year, this was at the initiative of Vladimir Lebedev, the head of the St. Petersburg Detective Police Department. At the same time, the history of the creation of canine units in Russia dates back to 21 June 1909 (the date of the celebration is timed to this day), when the first in our country nursery of police detective dogs was opened in St. Petersburg. Later, a school of trainers was created on its base. This nursery was the first canine unit in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, a Doberman Pinscher police dog named Tref acquired wide popularity in Russia. During his service, this dog revealed more than 1,5 thousand crimes and often appeared on the pages of newspapers, becoming a favorite of the public.
22 May 1911 was founded in Belgium in the city of Thuin in Belgium by the International Federation of Dog Handlers. The initiators of the creation of the federation were Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands. According to some information at that time, Tsarist Russia in the face of the Imperial society of proper hunting also took part in the emerging international cynological integration, however, for a number of reasons, it was not among the founders, although this issue was then discussed.
Detective dog breeding in Tsarist Russia was confidently moving forward. So only in the first three years of the model kennel and the school of police dog handlers in St. Petersburg, it trained 300 dog training teachers and more 400 search dogs. Across the country, the creation of a network of cynological police schools begins, new kennels are opened and dogs are acquired. Among the teachers and mentors of the new generation of police dog breeders in those years there are also foreign specialists. Already by December 1912, police detective dogs are actively used to solve various crimes in more than 50 provinces of the country. In the same year, the first kennel for field dogs was formed in Russia. It was created on the basis of the Izmailovo Guards Regiment. Here, the four-legged friends of man were trained mainly for communication and reconnaissance.
Already by 1915, the search dogs became an obligatory attribute of the country's detective police. The scope of use of four-legged police officers has also significantly expanded. The dogs were used for forceful detention of criminals, night patrols, guarding prisoners, searching for explosive devices, carrying “guards” in palace chambers, etc. The most prominent dog handlers of the West came to see the training of Russian dogs, and many European newspapers wrote about the work of Russian trainers in those years.
After the collapse of the empire, already in 1920, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) began the creation of the first kennel schools in the country to train sniffer dogs and dog handlers in the interests of criminal investigation. Similar units appear in the border troops, as well as in the militarized guard and in the commissariat of communications. It is worth noting that in the 1920-s many service dogs of the Soviet police were direct relatives of the famous Doberman Tref, who left behind a large offspring. However, since the 1930-ies, the number of Dobermans in the service in the police begins to decline, they are replaced by more docile and easily trained German shepherd dogs.
Purposeful, well-organized and staged work on the development of service dog breeding in the Soviet Union allowed domestic dog experts to become actively involved in the fight against the enemy in the first months of World War II. The dogs prepared by Soviet dog experts have found very wide application on the battlefield. The dogs were taught to undermine the enemy’s armored vehicles, search for and remove wounded soldiers and commanders from the battlefield, search for mines, ensure stable communication between units, protect rear facilities of troops, pursue saboteurs and spies, detain bandits, provide security for transported cargo and solve many more important tasks. For example, during the war years, sapper dogs found about 4 of millions of land mines and land mines, more than 300 settlements of the Soviet Union were cleared with their direct participation.
During World War II, more than 60 thousand dogs of various breeds served in the army. Service dogs performed many feats during the Great Patriotic War, many of them received awards along with people. On June 21, 2013, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow in Moscow on Poklonnaya Hill, a monument to the front-line dog was inaugurated. The bronze sculpture of a German shepherd was created by sculptor Andrei Korobtsov. The dog’s sculpture was made with a bag on his back, in which they carried medicines during the war, and the animal’s paws were on torn tracks tank in memory of dog demos. In Russia, this is not the only such monument to four-legged friends who faithfully served a person.
Today, dogs are serious assistants in the patrol and search work of police officers. They are necessary for the search and detection of crime suspects to search for weapons, narcotic drugs, the detention of armed bandits. Dog units carry out a search of buildings, structures, areas, carry protection of particularly important objects. Training service dogs is carried out today in three main areas: patrol-search, mine-search and guard service.
Currently, service dogs undergo various trainings, and in the arsenal of trainer instructors there is a mass of training techniques. Only in the Zonal Center of the Cynological Service of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate in Moscow today there is an order of 600 service dogs of various breeds, such as Labradors, Rottweilers, Spaniels, however, the main working breed is still the German Shepherd Dog. These dogs are most adapted to the natural conditions of the European part of our country. Usually, dogs are accepted into service from the ages of 1 to 3 years, and the retirement age of a working dog is of the order of 10 years. The use of one specially trained dog makes it possible to annually reveal on average 11 various crimes.
Spaniels, Labradors and Riesenschnauzers are commonly used to search for various drugs, such dogs are called "sniffers." In the world today there are several different methods of coaching dogs to search for drugs. Often in training, in order for the dog to successfully find narcotic substances, it is necessary to ensure that the smell of the animal is associated with a favorite toy or delicacy. At the very beginning of training, they try to hide the powder simulator in a plastic bone or rubber ball. After that, the toy is taken away from the dog and forced to look for. At first they are hidden in easily accessible places, and then masked in more and more sophisticated ways. As a result, the find itself becomes a reward for a four-legged friend. The service dog indicates the find by voice or by scratching a suspicious place with its paw.
"Serve" in the organs can a dog of almost any breed, with the exception of decorative. Russian and English Spaniels, as well as Labradors are hunting dogs with a well-developed instinct. Usually they are engaged in exploratory work, including looking for explosives. Central Asian Shepherd Dogs and Rottweilers are great as guard dogs. Also rottweilers can "train" and search for explosives. Dogs can get to the service in the internal organs of the dog directly from breeders from cynological clubs or can be grown directly in the training centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, only for 2015 a year with the participation of cynologists with their service dogs 45 926 crimes were disclosed. At the same time, 227,9 kg of explosives, 379 explosive devices and more than 63 thousands of different pieces of ammunition, as well as 561,7 kg of narcotic substances of plant origin and 106,2 kg of synthetic origin were withdrawn from trafficking.
In addition, the number of canine specialist visits with their service dogs has significantly increased. In total, with their participation in 2015, more than 335 thousands of preventive measures were carried out, including on the subject of anti-terrorism protection. In total, the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation operates 328 canine groups and 179 centers of cynological services, the total staff number and staff of which is more than 147 thousand people. In total, more than 12 thousands of service dogs of various breeds are on the balance of the territorial bodies of the department.
The most common are such breeds as the German, Belgian and East European shepherd, Labrador Retriever. In addition, in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, fairly rare breeds of dogs have found use: border collie, basset hounds and bloodhound. These dogs are effectively used in the production of a forensic examination of an individual human smell in the EKC (Expert-Forensic Center) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as forensic departments of internal affairs bodies, like dog-detectors.
21 June "Military Review" congratulates all former and current cynologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other departments on their professional holiday. We wish you tirelessly to improve your skills and professionalism in order to successfully fight crime and help people with your faithful four-legged friends.
Based on materials from open sources
In the Russian Empire, practicing the dog service in the police began with the 1906 year, this was at the initiative of Vladimir Lebedev, the head of the St. Petersburg Detective Police Department. At the same time, the history of the creation of canine units in Russia dates back to 21 June 1909 (the date of the celebration is timed to this day), when the first in our country nursery of police detective dogs was opened in St. Petersburg. Later, a school of trainers was created on its base. This nursery was the first canine unit in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, a Doberman Pinscher police dog named Tref acquired wide popularity in Russia. During his service, this dog revealed more than 1,5 thousand crimes and often appeared on the pages of newspapers, becoming a favorite of the public.
22 May 1911 was founded in Belgium in the city of Thuin in Belgium by the International Federation of Dog Handlers. The initiators of the creation of the federation were Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands. According to some information at that time, Tsarist Russia in the face of the Imperial society of proper hunting also took part in the emerging international cynological integration, however, for a number of reasons, it was not among the founders, although this issue was then discussed.
Detective dog breeding in Tsarist Russia was confidently moving forward. So only in the first three years of the model kennel and the school of police dog handlers in St. Petersburg, it trained 300 dog training teachers and more 400 search dogs. Across the country, the creation of a network of cynological police schools begins, new kennels are opened and dogs are acquired. Among the teachers and mentors of the new generation of police dog breeders in those years there are also foreign specialists. Already by December 1912, police detective dogs are actively used to solve various crimes in more than 50 provinces of the country. In the same year, the first kennel for field dogs was formed in Russia. It was created on the basis of the Izmailovo Guards Regiment. Here, the four-legged friends of man were trained mainly for communication and reconnaissance.
Already by 1915, the search dogs became an obligatory attribute of the country's detective police. The scope of use of four-legged police officers has also significantly expanded. The dogs were used for forceful detention of criminals, night patrols, guarding prisoners, searching for explosive devices, carrying “guards” in palace chambers, etc. The most prominent dog handlers of the West came to see the training of Russian dogs, and many European newspapers wrote about the work of Russian trainers in those years.
After the collapse of the empire, already in 1920, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) began the creation of the first kennel schools in the country to train sniffer dogs and dog handlers in the interests of criminal investigation. Similar units appear in the border troops, as well as in the militarized guard and in the commissariat of communications. It is worth noting that in the 1920-s many service dogs of the Soviet police were direct relatives of the famous Doberman Tref, who left behind a large offspring. However, since the 1930-ies, the number of Dobermans in the service in the police begins to decline, they are replaced by more docile and easily trained German shepherd dogs.
Purposeful, well-organized and staged work on the development of service dog breeding in the Soviet Union allowed domestic dog experts to become actively involved in the fight against the enemy in the first months of World War II. The dogs prepared by Soviet dog experts have found very wide application on the battlefield. The dogs were taught to undermine the enemy’s armored vehicles, search for and remove wounded soldiers and commanders from the battlefield, search for mines, ensure stable communication between units, protect rear facilities of troops, pursue saboteurs and spies, detain bandits, provide security for transported cargo and solve many more important tasks. For example, during the war years, sapper dogs found about 4 of millions of land mines and land mines, more than 300 settlements of the Soviet Union were cleared with their direct participation.
During World War II, more than 60 thousand dogs of various breeds served in the army. Service dogs performed many feats during the Great Patriotic War, many of them received awards along with people. On June 21, 2013, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow in Moscow on Poklonnaya Hill, a monument to the front-line dog was inaugurated. The bronze sculpture of a German shepherd was created by sculptor Andrei Korobtsov. The dog’s sculpture was made with a bag on his back, in which they carried medicines during the war, and the animal’s paws were on torn tracks tank in memory of dog demos. In Russia, this is not the only such monument to four-legged friends who faithfully served a person.
Today, dogs are serious assistants in the patrol and search work of police officers. They are necessary for the search and detection of crime suspects to search for weapons, narcotic drugs, the detention of armed bandits. Dog units carry out a search of buildings, structures, areas, carry protection of particularly important objects. Training service dogs is carried out today in three main areas: patrol-search, mine-search and guard service.
Currently, service dogs undergo various trainings, and in the arsenal of trainer instructors there is a mass of training techniques. Only in the Zonal Center of the Cynological Service of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate in Moscow today there is an order of 600 service dogs of various breeds, such as Labradors, Rottweilers, Spaniels, however, the main working breed is still the German Shepherd Dog. These dogs are most adapted to the natural conditions of the European part of our country. Usually, dogs are accepted into service from the ages of 1 to 3 years, and the retirement age of a working dog is of the order of 10 years. The use of one specially trained dog makes it possible to annually reveal on average 11 various crimes.
Spaniels, Labradors and Riesenschnauzers are commonly used to search for various drugs, such dogs are called "sniffers." In the world today there are several different methods of coaching dogs to search for drugs. Often in training, in order for the dog to successfully find narcotic substances, it is necessary to ensure that the smell of the animal is associated with a favorite toy or delicacy. At the very beginning of training, they try to hide the powder simulator in a plastic bone or rubber ball. After that, the toy is taken away from the dog and forced to look for. At first they are hidden in easily accessible places, and then masked in more and more sophisticated ways. As a result, the find itself becomes a reward for a four-legged friend. The service dog indicates the find by voice or by scratching a suspicious place with its paw.
"Serve" in the organs can a dog of almost any breed, with the exception of decorative. Russian and English Spaniels, as well as Labradors are hunting dogs with a well-developed instinct. Usually they are engaged in exploratory work, including looking for explosives. Central Asian Shepherd Dogs and Rottweilers are great as guard dogs. Also rottweilers can "train" and search for explosives. Dogs can get to the service in the internal organs of the dog directly from breeders from cynological clubs or can be grown directly in the training centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, only for 2015 a year with the participation of cynologists with their service dogs 45 926 crimes were disclosed. At the same time, 227,9 kg of explosives, 379 explosive devices and more than 63 thousands of different pieces of ammunition, as well as 561,7 kg of narcotic substances of plant origin and 106,2 kg of synthetic origin were withdrawn from trafficking.
In addition, the number of canine specialist visits with their service dogs has significantly increased. In total, with their participation in 2015, more than 335 thousands of preventive measures were carried out, including on the subject of anti-terrorism protection. In total, the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation operates 328 canine groups and 179 centers of cynological services, the total staff number and staff of which is more than 147 thousand people. In total, more than 12 thousands of service dogs of various breeds are on the balance of the territorial bodies of the department.
The most common are such breeds as the German, Belgian and East European shepherd, Labrador Retriever. In addition, in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, fairly rare breeds of dogs have found use: border collie, basset hounds and bloodhound. These dogs are effectively used in the production of a forensic examination of an individual human smell in the EKC (Expert-Forensic Center) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as forensic departments of internal affairs bodies, like dog-detectors.
21 June "Military Review" congratulates all former and current cynologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other departments on their professional holiday. We wish you tirelessly to improve your skills and professionalism in order to successfully fight crime and help people with your faithful four-legged friends.
Based on materials from open sources
Information