How can the Russian army "blind" the enemy
The complex of electronic warfare "Lever-AV"
April 15 in Russia celebrates the Day of the specialist in electronic warfare (EW). Currently, technology is actively developing, creating new complexes to fight on land, in the air and at sea. Last year, tests began for components of an EW ground complex capable of protecting troops and civilian facilities from an aerospace attack.
The EW system is an essential component of the military organization of the state and an integral part of all the armed conflicts of recent years, including it has proven its effectiveness during the operation of the Air and Space Forces of Russia in Syria.
History EW in Russia originates from the time of the Russo-Japanese War. Thus, 15 on April 1904, during an artillery bombardment by a Japanese squadron of the internal raid of Port Arthur, on the radio station of the Russian battleship Pobeda and on the coastal post, Golden Mountain interfered with the Japanese radio, which made it very difficult to transmit telegrams of enemy proofing ships.
As the deputy head of the military department, Yury Borisov, noted, all military conflicts show that the EW funds are the most effective and very much in demand among the troops in all directions.
All the developments carried out by the institutes of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern (KRET) are in demand by the Ministry of Defense and are in good demand in the external market. I know that the export volume of Cratov products is growing every year.
Yuriy Borisov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
According to Major-General Yuri Lastochkin, head of the Russian Federation of the Russian Armed Forces, the modern Russian equipment surpasses its Western counterparts in a number of characteristics, including the range. It is achieved through the use of more powerful transmitting devices and more efficient antenna systems.
The technique has advantages in terms of the number of objects on which it is exposed, the possibilities of its more effective combat use due to the implementation of a flexible management structure for both EW complexes and individual models of equipment operating independently and as part of conjugated pairs
Yury Lastochkin
Chief of the EW troops of the RF Armed Forces, Major General
Also, considerable attention is paid to the development of technology with unmanned aerial vehicles. By 2018, it is planned to create a specialized testing ground for EW troops.
aviation electronic warfare systems
As TASS was told by the former head of the EW service of the Air Forces of the Russian Federation, now advisor to the first deputy general director of the Radio Electronic Technologies concern (KRET, included in Rostec) Vladimir Mikheev, the survivability of airplanes with modern EW complexes increases 20 – 25 times.
If earlier active jamming stations (SAP) were installed on aircraft, today all aircraft are equipped with airborne defense systems (ADS). Their main difference from SAP is that the ACS is fully integrated and interfaced with all avionics of an aircraft, helicopter or drone
Vladimir Mikheev
Advisor to the First Deputy Director General of KRET
The defense complexes exchange with the on-board computers all the necessary information:
about flight, combat missions;
about the objectives and flight routes of the protected object;
about the possibilities of his weapons;
about the real radio electronic environment;
about potential threats.
In the event of any danger, they can correct the route so that the protected object does not enter the fire impact zone, providing electronic defeat (suppression) of the most dangerous air defense and enemy aviation equipment, while increasing the combat effectiveness of their weapons.
"Vitebsk"
One of the most effective airborne defense complexes. It is designed to protect aircraft and helicopters from anti-aircraft missiles with radar and optical (thermal) heads of guidance. "Vitebsk" is set to:
upgraded attack aircraft Su-25CM;
attack helicopters Ka-52, Mi-28H;
transport and combat helicopters of the Mi-8 family;
heavy transport helicopters Mi-26 and Mi-26Т2;
special and civil aircraft and helicopters of domestic production.
In the future, "Vitebsk" will receive military transport aircraft such as IL-76MD-90A.
Vitebsk is a series of complexes that can be adapted for almost any type of aircraft, including military transport aircraft and civil aviation. The complex is created. Including all the necessary tests on some types of aircraft have already been conducted
Yuri Maevsky
general designer of concern KRET
There is also an export version of the complex called President-S, which is very popular on the foreign market and supplied to a number of countries operating Russian aviation technology.
"Lever-AV"
Specialized helicopter - jammer, whose main task is to provide electronic suppression and create a false environment to cover their airplanes or helicopters, as well as protect the most important ground targets.
“Lever-AV” is able to completely “blind” the enemy within a radius of several hundred kilometers and can suppress several targets at once. In the conditions of interference from this station, anti-aircraft missile systems, as well as enemy interceptor aircraft complexes, are unable to detect any targets and direct air-to-air, ground-to-air and air-to-ground missiles at them, while surviving and the combat effectiveness of its aviation significantly increased.
Now specialized helicopters Mi-8MTPR-1, equipped with a "lever", receives the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In total, the military ordered 18 machines. In the coming years, mass production of an upgraded version of the system - “Lever-AVM” can be launched.
"Khibiny"
In 2013, the Khibiny electronic suppression complex, designed to protect airplanes from air defense weapons, entered into service with the Russian Armed Forces.
The Khibiny complex is distinguished from the stations of the previous generation by increased power and intelligence. It is able to help control the aircraft’s weapons, create a false radio-electronic environment, and also provide a breakthrough of the enemy’s echeloned air defense.
This happened to the American destroyer Donald Cook in 2014, when the Su-24 was taken on board by ship defense.
Then on the radar of the ship there was information that put the crew in an impasse. The plane then disappeared from the screens, then suddenly changed its location and speed, then created electronic clones of additional targets. At the same time information and combat weapons control systems of the destroyer were practically blocked. Given that the ship was located behind 12 thousand km from the United States in the Black Sea, it is easy to imagine the feelings experienced by the sailors on this ship.
A new Khibiny-U complex for front-line aircraft, in particular, the Su-30CM, is currently being developed.
"Himalayas"
This complex is a further development of the Khibiny, it is “sharpened” under the plane of the fifth generation T-50 (PAK FA).
Its main difference from its predecessor is that the Khibins represent some kind of container that hangs on the wing, occupying a certain point of suspension, and the Himalayas are fully integrated into the board and made as separate elements of the aircraft’s fuselage.
Antenna systems of the complex are built on the principle of "smart plating" and allow you to perform several functions at once: reconnaissance, electronic warfare, location, etc. The complex will be able to put active and passive interference with infrared homing heads of modern missiles, as well as modern and advanced radars.
The characteristics of this complex are still classified, the T-50 is the newest fighter and not yet adopted by the Russian Federation Air Force.
EW ground complexes
Modern ground-based EW systems operate in digital signal processing mode, which helps to significantly increase their efficiency.
According to the adviser to the first deputy general director of KRET Mikheev, earlier, the EW station operator himself had to determine the type of object being monitored by the characteristics of the reconnaissance signal and select the type of interference to it.
Digital technology has a large electronic library of memory and reports to the operator types of enemy equipment, and also offers the most efficient interfering signals and optimal algorithms for countering
Vladimir Mikheev
Advisor to the First Deputy Director General of KRET
"Krasuha-С4"
This complex has incorporated all the best from the previous generation EW equipment. In particular, Krasukha inherited a unique antenna system from its predecessor, the SPN-30 jamming station.
Another advantage of the new system is almost complete automation. If earlier the system was controlled manually, then in “Krasukha-4” the principle “do not touch the equipment, and it will not let you down” is implemented, that is, the role of the operator is reduced to the role of an observer, and the main mode of operation is centralized automated management.
The main purpose of "Krasuhi-С4" is to cover command posts, groups of troops, air defense systems, important industrial facilities from airborne radar reconnaissance and high-precision weapons.
The capabilities of the broadband station of active jamming of the complex make it possible to effectively deal with all modern radar stations used by aircraft of various types, as well as cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles.
"Krasuha-2O"
This version is designed for electronic suppression of American early warning systems and radar (AWACS) AWACS. This is the most powerful aircraft of intelligence and control, on board which sits the whole calculation. In order for this plane to "blind", you need a lot of energy. The power and intelligence of the second "Ruby" is enough to fight this plane.
The whole complex unfolds within a few minutes, without human intervention, and after deployment it is able to “turn off” AWACS at a distance of several hundred kilometers.
Moscow-1
The complex is designed to conduct electronic reconnaissance (passive radar), interact and exchange information with the command posts of the control of anti-aircraft missile and radio troops, aviation guidance points, issuing target designation and control of interference units and individual means of electronic suppression.
The structure of "Moscow-1" includes a reconnaissance module and a command post for subunit divisions (stations). The complex is capable of:
carry radio and electronic reconnaissance over a distance of 400 km;
classify all radio emitting equipment by hazard;
provide route support;
to ensure the distribution and display of all information;
provide reverse control of the performance of the units and individual EW facilities that it manages.
The “debut” of the Moscow complexes took place in March 2016 of the year as part of a joint tactical exercise of the air defense and aviation forces in the Astrakhan region.
"Infauna"
The complex, developed by the United Instrument-Making Corporation (DIC), provides radio intelligence and radio suppression, protection of manpower, armored and automotive vehicles from aimed fire from melee weapons and grenade launchers, as well as from radio-controlled mine-explosive devices.
The equipment of wide-range radio intelligence significantly increases the radius of protection of covered mobile objects from radio-controlled mines. The ability to install aerosol curtains allows you to cover equipment from high-precision weapons with video and laser guidance systems.
At present, these complexes on the K1Sh1 unified wheeled chassis (base BTR-80) are mass-produced and supplied to various units of the Russian army.
"Borisoglebsk-2"
This radioelectronic suppression (REB) complex, also developed by the military-industrial complex, is the technical basis of EW tactical units.
Designed for radio intelligence and radio suppression lines HF, VHF ground and aviation radio communications, subscriber terminals, cellular and trunked communication in tactical and operational-tactical levels of management.
The basis of the complex consists of three types of jamming stations and a command post located on the MT-LBu armored personnel carriers - the traditional tracked base for ground-based EW equipment. Each complex includes up to nine units of mobile equipment.
The complex implemented a fundamentally new technical solutions for the construction of radio intelligence and automated control systems. In particular, energetic and structurally concealed signals are used to provide noise-proof and high-speed data transmission.
The range of explored and suppressed frequencies is more than doubled compared to the previously delivered interference stations, and the detection rate of frequencies is increased more than 100 times.
EW Marine Complexes
These complexes are designed to protect ships of various classes from reconnaissance and fire destruction. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that for each ship, depending on its type, displacement, as well as the tasks it solves, there is a special set of EW tools.
The composition of the ship complexes include:
radio and electronic intelligence stations;
active and passive EW;
automata, providing masking of the ship in various physical fields;
devices for shooting false targets, etc.
All these systems are integrated with ship fire and information tools to increase the survivability and combat effectiveness of the ship.
TC-25E and MP-405E
They are the main ship-based EW complexes. Provide protection from the use of radio-controlled weapons of air and ship-based by creating active and passive interference.
TK-25E provides for the creation of pulsed misinforming and imitation interference using digital copies of signals for ships of all main classes. The complex is able to simultaneously analyze up to 256 targets and provide effective ship protection.
MP-405E - for equipping ships of small displacement.
It is able to preempt the detection, analyze, and also classify types of radiating radio-electronic means and their carriers according to the degree of danger, as well as ensure electronic suppression of all modern and promising means of reconnaissance and destruction of the enemy.
Information