Tekinsky cavalry regiment in the fire of the First World War. Part of 3
In the 1917 campaign, the service of the Tekinsky horse regiment was largely internal. The great connoisseur of the Tekinsians General of Infantry L. G. Kornilov instructed them to guard the headquarters of the 8 Army, and after taking the post of Supreme Commander - Stakes.
An eyewitness recalled: “Tall, monumental and at the same time slender ... they stood like statues ... Everyone who drove up or approached the Stavka ... felt them with a look ... as if trying to find out whether the man had planned the bad ... against their boyar ... These were not ordinary sentries, standing up for their due date, but sensitive guards and loyal servants ... By one wave of their boyar, they were ready not only to kill anyone, but also to give their lives for him without hesitation ... ”
5. Tekins.
When 10 August 1917, accompanied by a reinforced Tekin squadron, L. G. Kornilov arrived in Petrograd, one unit crumbled in a chain on the square in front of the palace where the meeting took place, and the other with the machine guns took the entrance and all exits under protection. Without having agreed on anything with A. F. Kerensky, L. G. Kornilov was able to return to Mogilev — And F. Kerensky and his entourage did not dare to arrest the general.
When the August Kornilov speech failed, the associate of L. G. Kornilov A.I. Denikin wondered why L. G. Kornilov did not want to risk his last trump card, Tekinsky and Kornilovsky regiments, since, in his opinion, the appearance of L. T. Kornilov with these two regiments would decide the fate of Petrograd.
6 September 1917 Propulsion L. G. Kornilov, A. S. Lukomsky and other participants of the speech were arrested and placed in the Metropol Hotel. A. S. Lukomsky later recalled that the Tekinsky cavalry regiment carried the internal guard of the “detention” premises. Tekinsky-speaking L. G. Kornilov was enormously popular in the regiment, and the Tekins called him "our boyars." And initially, for the protection of the prisoners, they wanted to appoint the Georgievsky regiment, but the Tekinsians made a categorical demand that they would be provided with internal security - as a result, the guards from the Georgievsky regiment were exposed only outside the premises.
In Bykhov generals were placed in the building of an old Catholic monastery. Guards inside the building were carried by the Tekinsians, whose half-squadron was in the building of the monastery, while the outer guards were again entrusted to the Georgians - and they were under the commandant, assistant commander of the Tekinsky cavalry regiment. The guards from Berdichev did not even let the guard into the courtyard, and when one of them began to demand that they be allowed, the “Tekin people threatened with whips” and they were forced to leave. And when the next morning, during the walk, the delegates, who approached the lattice from the courtyard, began to make arrested comments, the commander of the guard came out with two Tekians and drove them away and set the guard on the street.
Outraged Berdichevtsy sent a telegram to the Petrograd Soviet in which they wrote that the guards of the generals consisted of 60 soldiers of the St. George battalion and 300 soldiers of the Tekinsky regiment, and Tekians remain loyal to Kornilov and completely alien to the interests of the revolution. According to eyewitness recollections, the Georgians said to the Georgians who carried the external guard: “You are Kerenskies, we are Kornilovskies, we will cut them.” And taking into account the fact that there were much more Tekinians in the garrison, the Georgians regularly served and acted correctly.
In the autumn of 1917, from the Transcaspian region, there was news that the crop failure that had befallen the area threatens the families of Turkmen with an unprecedented famine. At the same time, the regional Turkmen committee in Askhabad decided to announce an additional set of riders in the division located in Keshi - but they did not have time to send it to the front. At the same time, a telegram was sent to the Headquarters asking for the Tekin Horse Regiment to be sent home immediately.
L. G. Kornilov, having learned about the anxiety of the Turkmen economic and political situation in his homeland, from 40 thousand rubles collected for families of prisoners, ordered to give 30 thousand rubles to Tekintsians, and also wrote a letter to the leadership of the Don region with a request to help the Tekin families with bread.
17 November 1917. To eliminate the headquarters on Mogilyov, revolutionary troops led by the new Supreme Commander Warrant Officer Krylenko were moved. The stakes began to prepare for evacuation to Kiev, but the Mogilev Soviet frustrated their plans - all the officers were subjected to house arrest.
Acting Supreme Commander, Lieutenant-General N. N. Dukhonin had time to give the order that all units that were at GHQ would go to the Don. He managed to give and order about the release of "Bykhovskih prisoners."
20 On November 1917, the Tekinsky cavalry regiment (composed of 24 officers and before the 400 of the lower ranks) marched on the Don. The regiment advanced to Zhlobin. He made heavy transitions at night. Obozniki fled after the first transition.
On the fifth day, the regiment was discovered.
When, for unclear reasons, the detachment sent from Surazh did not return from reconnaissance, the Bolshevik intelligence officer hired as a conductor brought the regiment to ambush. The regiment made out with. Krasnovichi (south of Surazh) and, intending to go to Mglin, approached the village of Pisarevka. Crossing the railroad, the Tekinsky regiment was shot almost at close range by machine gun and rifle fire. After suffering heavy losses, the horsemen retreated to Krasnovichi and, deciding to bypass Art. Unecha, on the other hand, approached the Moscow-Brest railway by 2 at noon. But an armored train appeared from around the corner, and the regiment was again met with fire.
The first squadron turned aside and disappeared - it passed to the west and no longer joined the regiment. For the Klintsy squadron disarmed the Bolsheviks and all were sent to prison.
The regiment dispersed - from 600 riders gathered just 125.
On November 27, the 3 officer and the 264 rider were in the Bryansk prison.
November 27 Tekinsky horse regiment out of the swamp strip and, bypassing the village, took the direction to the southeast. On this day, L. G. Kornilov decided to part with the Tekinians, believing that it would be safer for them to move to the Don. The regiment (or rather its remnants), headed by the commander and seven officers, was supposed to advance to Trubchevsk, and L. G. Kornilov with a group of officers and 32 riders mounted the best horses in the direction of Novgorod-Seversky. But, surrounded on all sides, after the battle 30 was forced to retreat to join the main forces of the regiment after November, L. Kornilov, disguised in civilian clothes, left the regimental location and went to the Don.
Subsequently, the Tekinsky cavalry regiment near Novgorod-Seversky took part in the battle on the side of the troops of the Ukrainian Rada against the Bolsheviks. With the consent of the Ukrainian authorities, the remains of the regiment arrived by rail to Kiev, where they stayed until the Soviet troops entered the city. 26 January The 1918 regiment was disbanded.
But the 40 tekintsy reached Novocherkassk, where they were met by L. G. Kornilov. They participated already in the Civil War in Russia.
30 July 1914 - 7 July 1915 Turkmen equestrian regiment was commanded by Colonel (from 23 February 1915, Major General) S.I. Drozdovsky, who headed the 19 division of August 1911, Member of the Russian-Japanese war, cavalier of the orders of St. Stanislav (including 1 degree with swords), St. Anne, St. Vladimir (including 4 degree and 3 degree with swords), St. George 4 degree, as well as Golden Weapons. It was under the command of S.I. Drozdovskiy that Tekinskians showed themselves in the Lodz and Zadnestrovsk operations.
9 July 1915 - 18 on April 1917 was commanded by Colonel S.P. Zykov of Tekins (during the Civil War, in June-August 1919 was commanded by the Astrakhan Cossack Division). Cavalier of the Order of St. Stanislav (including 3 degree with swords and bow and 2 degree with swords), St. Anne (including 3 degree with swords and bow, and also 2 degree with swords), St. Vladimir (incl. 3 degree with swords), St. George 4 and 3 degrees and Golden Weapons. In the Highest Order of his submission to the Order of St. George 3 degree for the battle 28 in May 1916, it is noted that he led the regiment, setting an example of courage and bravery, under fire from the enemy attacked in equestrian power and with dashing and force of blow completed the glorious deed 12 Infantry Division.
The commander of the 3 th squadron of the regiment, the staff captain M. G. Bek-Uzarov, for the Yurkouts case, became a knight of the Order of St. George 4-th degree. He participated in all the battles of the 1916 campaign of the year in Galicia, and in the summer of the following year in horse fights near Kalush. In November, 1917, at the head of his squadron, he marched from Bykhov with L. G. Kornilov, and distinguished himself when Tekians fought against the Bolsheviks on the railway at Unecha station and in December on the Desna in 40 versts from Voronezh. In the Volunteer Army, the captain M. Bek-Uzarov commanded the Akhal-Tekinsky cavalry regiment formed in the Trans-Caspian region, and in November 1919 of the year he was sent to the convoy of the Commander-in-Chief of the Supreme Soviet. By birth Terets, from this time Mikhail Georgievich linked his service, like the life of emigration, with the Cossacks of the Leib-Guards of the Kuban and Terek hundreds. He lived with his brother Nikolai before World War II in Yugoslavia.
A prominent figure, distinguished by his courage in the regiment, was S. Ovezbaev. In May 1915, Lieutenant Ovezbayev was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav III degree with swords and bow, and in February 1916 - Order of St. Anna III degree with swords. Three months later, Seidmurad Ovezbayev was made from lieutenants to headquarters.
The militant officers of the regiment were also characterized by special soldering with subordinates.
The Russian government, on the basis of almost two hundred years of observation of the Turkmen tribes, rightly considered them to be an excellent material for manning cavalry.
The Turkmen Equestrian Division (Regiment) was a national volunteer military unit of the Russian army. His whole 32 year old story - this is the story of Tekinian volunteers who faithfully served Russia. The regiment did not go over to the mobilization system of recruitment - which is not surprising, since the volunteers were always abundant, which made it possible to deploy the division to the regiment. Moreover, the formation of the 1917 division in Kashi in the fall was a clear prerequisite for the appearance of the Tekin Horse Brigade, which could become the core of the national Turkmen army.
The Tekinsky cavalry regiment was also a source of manpower for all of Turkestan — cadres that both regional and central Russian governments could fully rely on.
Moreover, the regiment was a multifunctional military unit - it acted as a military cavalry and strategic cavalry.
The charter noted: “The cavalry assists the offensive and defense with vigorous actions on the flanks and to the rear of the enemy, especially when the infantry conducts a decisive attack, acting in a horse and on foot order. If the enemy is overthrown, the cavalry relentlessly pursues. In case of failure, the cavalry acts decisively, with the aim of stopping or at least holding the enemy in order to give time to his infantry to settle ”[Charter of Field Service. SPb., 1912. C. 188]. These are the most important tasks that the Tekinsky cavalry regiment was able to solve during the 1914, 1915 and 1916 campaigns.
The pursuit by Tekin equestrian regiment of the defeated Austrian infantry in the Dobronouts battle of the 9 Army of 1916 was a classic example of the use of corps cavalry.
As a troop cavalry, the Tekins were conducting reconnaissance, guarding prisoners, headquarters, and providing communications. At different times, the regiment was attached to the 1-th Turkestan Army, 11-th and 32-th army corps, the headquarters of the 8-th army.
But Tekinsky cavalry regiment carried out the tasks of the strategic cavalry, including when he was a military cavalry. Vivid examples are the одód operation and the Dobronotsk battle.
On the account of the Tekins few brilliant horse attacks - and in the situation of a new type of war, with high saturation of advanced artillery and machine guns.
Horse attack in the era of fire fighting - a risky weapon, and it requires decisive commanders and hardened fighters. But the world war proved that artillery fire, rifles and machine guns would not stop the Russian cavalry attack. Actions Tekinsky regiment - another vivid example. Attacks at Duplitsa-Dushe, Toporouts, Chernovits, at Pohorlouts and Yurkivtsi demonstrated - and the impossible is possible. And in the situation of positional warfare, in the labyrinths of wire obstacles, when the machine gun dominated the battlefield, and the infantry was the queen of the fields - the role of cavalry was not lost. Horse attack was not only possible, but with the appropriate operational and tactical prerequisites and with good command led to great success.
In the 3 year of war, the Turkmen soldiers proved to be unsurpassed cavalrymen. They fought bravely and more than once saved the situation at the front - this was the case at the final stage of the Lodz operation and during the May 9 army’s breakthrough in the Dobronotsk battle. And Tekinsky horse regiment gained fame invincible.
Tekins were considered a great honor to fight for the Sovereign and the Fatherland. How paradoxical it sounds, but the Turkmen mentality, born of the life of nomads, formed from them magnificent soldiers of the Russian imperial army. Indeed, in the character of the steppe, the social always prevailed over the personal — and the interests of the clan were above their own lives. The Turkmen took the empire as a giant tribe, of which they became a part - and shed blood to the glory of Russian weapons.
6. Tekinsky horse regiment.
An eyewitness recalled: “Tall, monumental and at the same time slender ... they stood like statues ... Everyone who drove up or approached the Stavka ... felt them with a look ... as if trying to find out whether the man had planned the bad ... against their boyar ... These were not ordinary sentries, standing up for their due date, but sensitive guards and loyal servants ... By one wave of their boyar, they were ready not only to kill anyone, but also to give their lives for him without hesitation ... ”
5. Tekins.
When 10 August 1917, accompanied by a reinforced Tekin squadron, L. G. Kornilov arrived in Petrograd, one unit crumbled in a chain on the square in front of the palace where the meeting took place, and the other with the machine guns took the entrance and all exits under protection. Without having agreed on anything with A. F. Kerensky, L. G. Kornilov was able to return to Mogilev — And F. Kerensky and his entourage did not dare to arrest the general.
When the August Kornilov speech failed, the associate of L. G. Kornilov A.I. Denikin wondered why L. G. Kornilov did not want to risk his last trump card, Tekinsky and Kornilovsky regiments, since, in his opinion, the appearance of L. T. Kornilov with these two regiments would decide the fate of Petrograd.
6 September 1917 Propulsion L. G. Kornilov, A. S. Lukomsky and other participants of the speech were arrested and placed in the Metropol Hotel. A. S. Lukomsky later recalled that the Tekinsky cavalry regiment carried the internal guard of the “detention” premises. Tekinsky-speaking L. G. Kornilov was enormously popular in the regiment, and the Tekins called him "our boyars." And initially, for the protection of the prisoners, they wanted to appoint the Georgievsky regiment, but the Tekinsians made a categorical demand that they would be provided with internal security - as a result, the guards from the Georgievsky regiment were exposed only outside the premises.
In Bykhov generals were placed in the building of an old Catholic monastery. Guards inside the building were carried by the Tekinsians, whose half-squadron was in the building of the monastery, while the outer guards were again entrusted to the Georgians - and they were under the commandant, assistant commander of the Tekinsky cavalry regiment. The guards from Berdichev did not even let the guard into the courtyard, and when one of them began to demand that they be allowed, the “Tekin people threatened with whips” and they were forced to leave. And when the next morning, during the walk, the delegates, who approached the lattice from the courtyard, began to make arrested comments, the commander of the guard came out with two Tekians and drove them away and set the guard on the street.
Outraged Berdichevtsy sent a telegram to the Petrograd Soviet in which they wrote that the guards of the generals consisted of 60 soldiers of the St. George battalion and 300 soldiers of the Tekinsky regiment, and Tekians remain loyal to Kornilov and completely alien to the interests of the revolution. According to eyewitness recollections, the Georgians said to the Georgians who carried the external guard: “You are Kerenskies, we are Kornilovskies, we will cut them.” And taking into account the fact that there were much more Tekinians in the garrison, the Georgians regularly served and acted correctly.
In the autumn of 1917, from the Transcaspian region, there was news that the crop failure that had befallen the area threatens the families of Turkmen with an unprecedented famine. At the same time, the regional Turkmen committee in Askhabad decided to announce an additional set of riders in the division located in Keshi - but they did not have time to send it to the front. At the same time, a telegram was sent to the Headquarters asking for the Tekin Horse Regiment to be sent home immediately.
L. G. Kornilov, having learned about the anxiety of the Turkmen economic and political situation in his homeland, from 40 thousand rubles collected for families of prisoners, ordered to give 30 thousand rubles to Tekintsians, and also wrote a letter to the leadership of the Don region with a request to help the Tekin families with bread.
17 November 1917. To eliminate the headquarters on Mogilyov, revolutionary troops led by the new Supreme Commander Warrant Officer Krylenko were moved. The stakes began to prepare for evacuation to Kiev, but the Mogilev Soviet frustrated their plans - all the officers were subjected to house arrest.
Acting Supreme Commander, Lieutenant-General N. N. Dukhonin had time to give the order that all units that were at GHQ would go to the Don. He managed to give and order about the release of "Bykhovskih prisoners."
20 On November 1917, the Tekinsky cavalry regiment (composed of 24 officers and before the 400 of the lower ranks) marched on the Don. The regiment advanced to Zhlobin. He made heavy transitions at night. Obozniki fled after the first transition.
On the fifth day, the regiment was discovered.
When, for unclear reasons, the detachment sent from Surazh did not return from reconnaissance, the Bolshevik intelligence officer hired as a conductor brought the regiment to ambush. The regiment made out with. Krasnovichi (south of Surazh) and, intending to go to Mglin, approached the village of Pisarevka. Crossing the railroad, the Tekinsky regiment was shot almost at close range by machine gun and rifle fire. After suffering heavy losses, the horsemen retreated to Krasnovichi and, deciding to bypass Art. Unecha, on the other hand, approached the Moscow-Brest railway by 2 at noon. But an armored train appeared from around the corner, and the regiment was again met with fire.
The first squadron turned aside and disappeared - it passed to the west and no longer joined the regiment. For the Klintsy squadron disarmed the Bolsheviks and all were sent to prison.
The regiment dispersed - from 600 riders gathered just 125.
On November 27, the 3 officer and the 264 rider were in the Bryansk prison.
November 27 Tekinsky horse regiment out of the swamp strip and, bypassing the village, took the direction to the southeast. On this day, L. G. Kornilov decided to part with the Tekinians, believing that it would be safer for them to move to the Don. The regiment (or rather its remnants), headed by the commander and seven officers, was supposed to advance to Trubchevsk, and L. G. Kornilov with a group of officers and 32 riders mounted the best horses in the direction of Novgorod-Seversky. But, surrounded on all sides, after the battle 30 was forced to retreat to join the main forces of the regiment after November, L. Kornilov, disguised in civilian clothes, left the regimental location and went to the Don.
Subsequently, the Tekinsky cavalry regiment near Novgorod-Seversky took part in the battle on the side of the troops of the Ukrainian Rada against the Bolsheviks. With the consent of the Ukrainian authorities, the remains of the regiment arrived by rail to Kiev, where they stayed until the Soviet troops entered the city. 26 January The 1918 regiment was disbanded.
But the 40 tekintsy reached Novocherkassk, where they were met by L. G. Kornilov. They participated already in the Civil War in Russia.
30 July 1914 - 7 July 1915 Turkmen equestrian regiment was commanded by Colonel (from 23 February 1915, Major General) S.I. Drozdovsky, who headed the 19 division of August 1911, Member of the Russian-Japanese war, cavalier of the orders of St. Stanislav (including 1 degree with swords), St. Anne, St. Vladimir (including 4 degree and 3 degree with swords), St. George 4 degree, as well as Golden Weapons. It was under the command of S.I. Drozdovskiy that Tekinskians showed themselves in the Lodz and Zadnestrovsk operations.
9 July 1915 - 18 on April 1917 was commanded by Colonel S.P. Zykov of Tekins (during the Civil War, in June-August 1919 was commanded by the Astrakhan Cossack Division). Cavalier of the Order of St. Stanislav (including 3 degree with swords and bow and 2 degree with swords), St. Anne (including 3 degree with swords and bow, and also 2 degree with swords), St. Vladimir (incl. 3 degree with swords), St. George 4 and 3 degrees and Golden Weapons. In the Highest Order of his submission to the Order of St. George 3 degree for the battle 28 in May 1916, it is noted that he led the regiment, setting an example of courage and bravery, under fire from the enemy attacked in equestrian power and with dashing and force of blow completed the glorious deed 12 Infantry Division.
The commander of the 3 th squadron of the regiment, the staff captain M. G. Bek-Uzarov, for the Yurkouts case, became a knight of the Order of St. George 4-th degree. He participated in all the battles of the 1916 campaign of the year in Galicia, and in the summer of the following year in horse fights near Kalush. In November, 1917, at the head of his squadron, he marched from Bykhov with L. G. Kornilov, and distinguished himself when Tekians fought against the Bolsheviks on the railway at Unecha station and in December on the Desna in 40 versts from Voronezh. In the Volunteer Army, the captain M. Bek-Uzarov commanded the Akhal-Tekinsky cavalry regiment formed in the Trans-Caspian region, and in November 1919 of the year he was sent to the convoy of the Commander-in-Chief of the Supreme Soviet. By birth Terets, from this time Mikhail Georgievich linked his service, like the life of emigration, with the Cossacks of the Leib-Guards of the Kuban and Terek hundreds. He lived with his brother Nikolai before World War II in Yugoslavia.
A prominent figure, distinguished by his courage in the regiment, was S. Ovezbaev. In May 1915, Lieutenant Ovezbayev was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav III degree with swords and bow, and in February 1916 - Order of St. Anna III degree with swords. Three months later, Seidmurad Ovezbayev was made from lieutenants to headquarters.
The militant officers of the regiment were also characterized by special soldering with subordinates.
The Russian government, on the basis of almost two hundred years of observation of the Turkmen tribes, rightly considered them to be an excellent material for manning cavalry.
The Turkmen Equestrian Division (Regiment) was a national volunteer military unit of the Russian army. His whole 32 year old story - this is the story of Tekinian volunteers who faithfully served Russia. The regiment did not go over to the mobilization system of recruitment - which is not surprising, since the volunteers were always abundant, which made it possible to deploy the division to the regiment. Moreover, the formation of the 1917 division in Kashi in the fall was a clear prerequisite for the appearance of the Tekin Horse Brigade, which could become the core of the national Turkmen army.
The Tekinsky cavalry regiment was also a source of manpower for all of Turkestan — cadres that both regional and central Russian governments could fully rely on.
Moreover, the regiment was a multifunctional military unit - it acted as a military cavalry and strategic cavalry.
The charter noted: “The cavalry assists the offensive and defense with vigorous actions on the flanks and to the rear of the enemy, especially when the infantry conducts a decisive attack, acting in a horse and on foot order. If the enemy is overthrown, the cavalry relentlessly pursues. In case of failure, the cavalry acts decisively, with the aim of stopping or at least holding the enemy in order to give time to his infantry to settle ”[Charter of Field Service. SPb., 1912. C. 188]. These are the most important tasks that the Tekinsky cavalry regiment was able to solve during the 1914, 1915 and 1916 campaigns.
The pursuit by Tekin equestrian regiment of the defeated Austrian infantry in the Dobronouts battle of the 9 Army of 1916 was a classic example of the use of corps cavalry.
As a troop cavalry, the Tekins were conducting reconnaissance, guarding prisoners, headquarters, and providing communications. At different times, the regiment was attached to the 1-th Turkestan Army, 11-th and 32-th army corps, the headquarters of the 8-th army.
But Tekinsky cavalry regiment carried out the tasks of the strategic cavalry, including when he was a military cavalry. Vivid examples are the одód operation and the Dobronotsk battle.
On the account of the Tekins few brilliant horse attacks - and in the situation of a new type of war, with high saturation of advanced artillery and machine guns.
Horse attack in the era of fire fighting - a risky weapon, and it requires decisive commanders and hardened fighters. But the world war proved that artillery fire, rifles and machine guns would not stop the Russian cavalry attack. Actions Tekinsky regiment - another vivid example. Attacks at Duplitsa-Dushe, Toporouts, Chernovits, at Pohorlouts and Yurkivtsi demonstrated - and the impossible is possible. And in the situation of positional warfare, in the labyrinths of wire obstacles, when the machine gun dominated the battlefield, and the infantry was the queen of the fields - the role of cavalry was not lost. Horse attack was not only possible, but with the appropriate operational and tactical prerequisites and with good command led to great success.
In the 3 year of war, the Turkmen soldiers proved to be unsurpassed cavalrymen. They fought bravely and more than once saved the situation at the front - this was the case at the final stage of the Lodz operation and during the May 9 army’s breakthrough in the Dobronotsk battle. And Tekinsky horse regiment gained fame invincible.
Tekins were considered a great honor to fight for the Sovereign and the Fatherland. How paradoxical it sounds, but the Turkmen mentality, born of the life of nomads, formed from them magnificent soldiers of the Russian imperial army. Indeed, in the character of the steppe, the social always prevailed over the personal — and the interests of the clan were above their own lives. The Turkmen took the empire as a giant tribe, of which they became a part - and shed blood to the glory of Russian weapons.
6. Tekinsky horse regiment.
Information