National units of the Russian army in the First World War. 4 part

32
An eyewitness described the division in this way: “The Caucasian Native equestrian division, nicknamed Dikoy, was formed from Caucasian highlanders. Semi-wild, almost without any military charter preparation, in most cases not knowing the Russian language, they solved the task entrusted to them, thanks to natural talents and exceptional love for military affairs. Riders they were almost all very good. Fighting discipline instinctively assimilated. But the discipline outside the battle understood not all and not immediately. As a result, the commanders had to follow discipline in order to prevent misunderstandings in relations with local residents: the mountaineers considered them enemies of Russia and, consequently, their personal enemies with all the ensuing consequences [Col. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Sentry // Military Story. 1956. No. 21. C. 17].

The compound differed prowess and high fighting spirit.
The Wild Division was characterized as one of the most reliable units and the pride of the army [Paletsky A. About the Wild Division / Wild Division. Collection of materials. M., 2006. C. 69].



About the loyalty of the Highlanders to the Russian arms The episode presented by the representative of the British army at the Russian Headquarters testifies: “... recently, the Austrians who were fighting against the Wild Division signaled to the enemy:“ We have many people of the same faith with you, the Turks. Go to us! ”“ Now, ”replied the soldiers of the Wild Division, switched to that side, conducted a good raid, shooting many enemies, and returned safely [Sir John Hanbury-Williams. The Emperor Nicholas II. As I knew him. London, 1922. P. 81-82].

Another contemporary wrote that the division was one of the best up to the collapse of the army and fully fulfilled its duty, without giving up deserters and surrendering during the war [Maksimovich S.V. Memories of service in the Headquarters of the Caucasian Equestrian Division // Military History. 1968. No. 93. C. 22].

15 November 1914 began the transfer of the Caucasian native horse division to the South-Western Front - in the area of ​​Sambora. In early December, its regiments took up positions in the Carpathians on the banks of the r. San and engaged in battle with the Austrians at with. Citizen - Rybne.

Highlanders faced with unusual conditions of war for them. They considered being in the trenches to be disgraceful and believed that the earth should be a haven of the dead, not a shelter for the living, and left the trenches at the slightest opportunity, preferring to lie under fire than in them.

In February, the 1915 between the 8-th army and the Romanian border appeared 9-th army, which also included the Caucasian native horse division.

On February 15, a squadron of the Ingush cavalry regiment under the command of the captain M. Khimshiyev attacked those in the trenches near the villages. Tsuben Austrian company. The enemy's company was destroyed, the village was taken, and the komesk was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4 degree. On the same day, units of the Chechen Horse Regiment distinguished themselves - the squadron of the captain of the count A. Keller attacked and took with. Bryn, occupied by the Austrian infantry, and a little later the regiment, headed by the commander - colonel Prince A. S. Svyatopolk-Mirsky - with a cavalry attack dropped the Austrians from a fortified position in the Carpathians. The regiment commander was killed and was posthumously awarded the Order of St. George 3 degree.

National units of the Russian army in the First World War. 4 part

16. A. S. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, the hero of the battle at s. Shave.

But 9-I army, not having time to concentrate, came under the flank attack of the Austrian army group Pflanzer-Baltina and after fierce fighting, withdrew in mid-March for the river. Dniester. Crossing the river, the Austrians occupied a bridgehead on its left bank - near the city of Zaleshchiki.

19 On April, the Austro-German Army Group A. von Mackensen broke through the defenses of the Russian 3 Army at the front of Gorlitsa-Tarnov, and within a week of fighting deeply penetrated the defenses of the South-Western Front. The 9 Army, to help its neighbors, April 26 launched an offensive, setting off the Transnistrian battle. The Zaleschik bridgehead was liquidated, and the army, forcing the Dniester, to the 2 of May, rejected the Austrian 7-th army over the river. Rod.

Part of the native division, joining the 2 Cavalry Corps, from April 29 began to force the Dniester.

In these battles, the crosses of St. George Ali Sultan Shakmayev, Shokhai Battayev and Khadzhimusa Sattaev received, because, being April 29 as part of the junction of the village. Gorodnitsa, 7 German cavalrymen who captured the Grodno hussars 2, and, on their own initiative, attacked, freeing the hussars from captivity, discovered [Opryshko O.L., Caucasian Horse Division 1914-1917. Return from oblivion. Nalchik, 1999. C. 127].

The division moved to Verenchak through Kiselevka - during the battle of 30 on April with the dismounted cavalry of the enemy, 31 captured, bombed, 60 bombs and 120 grenades were captured. 1 May, the regiments of the division came out to Prut in the area of ​​Sniatyn, occupying the village of Nepokolokutu, Beleluy and Ustye nad Prut.

2 May 2-th Horse Corps attacked enemy positions on the right bank of the r. Prut, having mastered dd Karlov and Vidinovo. In a battle with the native horsemen, I. Broz Tito was captured - in the future, the president of Yugoslavia.

However, the general defeat in the center of the front forced to curtail their successful offensive and retreat.

On the night of May 28, the division moved beyond the river. Dniester. At dawn 29 in May, when the Austrian infantry began crossing, under cover of thick fog, they were greeted by a machine-gun platoon of the division and a hundred 2-th Dagestan regiment.

In July, the 12 Cavalry Division, with the support of the Caucasian Indigenous Equestrian Division, attempted to eliminate the enemy’s foothold. Although the Russian troops failed to throw the enemy into the Dniester, but the Austrians lost the initiative.

On August 25, units of the Tatar cavalry regiment under the command of Colonel Albrecht successfully attacked the enemy at der. Novoselki-Kostyukhovo.

Part of the division was transferred to the area of ​​Buchach, where they operated in September at the junction of the 33 and 11 of the army corps.

On September 10, the division of the Kabardian Equestrian Regiment under the command of Prince Colonel F.N. Bekovich-Cherkassky attacked the trenches occupied by the Austrian infantry near the village of Dobropolye. The trenches were taken, while 17 officers and 176 enemy soldiers were captured. The 2 division of the Dagestan cavalry regiment, which also captured prisoners and machine guns, distinguished itself in this battle.


17. F.N. Bekovich-Cherkassky, with 25. 02. 1916, the commander of the Tatar cavalry regiment.

October 27 4-I hundred of the Ingush equestrian regiment of cornet Shengelaya attacked the Austrian infantry. On the same day, a hundred Tatar cavalry regiments distinguished themselves, which, in the area of ​​the Moloch-Pole farm, stopped the advancing Austrian infantry.

In November, 1915 was returned to the Caucasian division to the Zaleshchik bridgehead. The compound occupied the left bank of the Dniester - on the right flank of the 9 Army. Positional battles began.

With the beginning of the Brusilovsky breakthrough 22 in May 1916, the highlanders once again distinguished themselves.

23 May Dagestan and Tatar horse regiments made a horse attack at m. Tasta. May 24 The 3 Brigade of the division was transferred to the 41 Army Corps.

31 May distinguished Tatarian cavalry regiment, carried out a horse attack at the village. Tyshkivtsi.

26 June 3 hundreds of Ingush cavalry regiments under the command of the captain S. G. Ulagay led a horse attack on the r. Stokhod. And on July 15 near Yezerian the Ingush cavalry regiment especially distinguished itself, hundreds of which fought off the German guns 7.

The report of the division's chief of staff, Colonel P. A. Polovtsov, contained the following lines about the actions of the native horsemen during this period: “May 29 .... The Kabardian regiment, transferred to the 41 Corps in the 1 Don Division, made ... a brilliant equestrian attack in the village of Luzhany, capturing 1300 people. with 13 officers ... May 31. In the morning, the Tatar regiment, 3, hundreds ... was sent to Tyshkovets ... The Tatars attacked an enemy battalion in equestrian ranks, which occupied hurriedly dug trenches in front of Tyshkovets, took 200 officers, many chopped up, occupied the village and defeated the enemy on foot. the enemy on the western outskirts ... At the same time, the Circassians also attacked in the equestrian ranks. Windows, captured 6 prisoners with one officer, many chopped up and captured a huge quartermaster warehouse with a lot of different property ...
15 July ... At 19 hour. 15 min. The 1-I hundredth of the Ingush Regiment was launched ahead, and behind it almost simultaneously the 2-I and 3-I.
... The Ingushs galloped through the front chains of our infantry, taking the footsteps on 300 in front of Yezerians under heavy rifle and machine-gun fire. ... Hundreds almost at the same time jumped into the village, the battle began on the streets. The German companies that were in Ezeriany fought with great persistence, in some places the Germans jumped out of the hut, sometimes the horsemen dismounted and broke into the courtyards. Nevertheless, the enemy’s resistance was quickly broken, few enemies were captured, but many were hacked ...
The 3 Brigade took 200 prisoners with 5 officers, 6 heavy guns, 20 charging crates, and an artillery depot in 3000 heavy shells.
Thanks to this attack, the enemy’s resistance on the right flank of the 41 corps was finally broken, and its entire line in front of the left flank of the 33 was retracted ”[From the combat past of the Russian army. Documents and materials about the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers. M., 1947. C. 376-377].


18. Colonel P. A. Polovtsov. For the attack near Ezerian awarded with St. George weapon


19. Mikhail Alexandrovich among the officers of the 2 Brigade of the Caucasian Native Horse Division

During this period, the division was divided: the 2 I brigade advanced to the Wooded Carpathians through Bukovina, while the 1 I and 3 brigades, which were part of the 41 Army Corps, advanced to Halych and Stanislavov.

In early October, the 1-th and 3-th brigade was transferred to the Wooded Carpathians, where they joined the 2-brigade.

November 17 Caucasian Equestrian Division advanced to Romania. Having passed about 600 km, the mountaineers came to the river. Rymnik and entered the 4-th Army.


20. Highlanders in attack

In December, the division fought with the troops of the German 9 Army in the Moldavian Carpathians and Wallachia.

In connection with the preparation of the offensive of the South-Western Front, the riders of the division again in early June 1917 were transferred to Galicia - they became part of the 12 Army Corps of the 8 Army. June 25 Corps broke the 26 and 13 of the Austrian army corps. 27 June Circassian cavalry regiment with the support of 4 machine guns famously forced the river. Lomnitsa. On this day, Russian troops occupied Galich, and 28 - Kalush, but the failures of the neighboring 11 and 7 armies, as well as the general demoralization of the troops, forced them to stop the offensive.

The breakthrough of the South German army near Tarnopol forced the armies of the South-Western Front to quickly roll back to the state border line. For two weeks the regiments of the Caucasian native horse division covered the retreat.

Given the reliability and discipline shown by the mountaineers during the summer battles of 1917, Supreme Commander L. G. Kornilov decided to unite all the Caucasian units into one corps. By order of 21 of August No. 354, the Ossetian and 3 Dagestan cavalry regiments were transferred from the 1 Caucasian Cavalry Division to the Caucasian Indigenous Horse Division. In addition, it was prescribed to form the 2 Ossetian Horse Regiment. They were supposed to make up the 2 divisional Caucasian native cavalry corps: the 1 division — Kabardinian, Chechen, Circassian and Tatar horse regiments; while the 2 division is the 1 and 2 Ossetian, 1 and 2 Dagestan and Ingush horse regiments.

The division from Podolia was transferred to the Pskov province: on August 27, on the order of L. G. Kornilov, loading of its parts into echelons began - to march on Petrograd. The first to come was the 3-I Brigade

30 - 31 August the echelons of the mountaineers stuck on the tracks were subjected to intensive processing by Petrograd agitators. As a result, on September 1, the division expressed support for the Provisional Government - a speech by L. G. Kornilov ended in failure. In October, the 1917 of the regiments returned to their homeland - in the chaos of the authorities, the rampant crime and ethnic clashes.

The emerging Caucasian native cavalry corps was abolished in January 1918.

Obvious are the following trends associated with the formation and development of national units of the Russian army.

Initially (and some throughout the war) they were voluntary in nature - this testified to the patriotism and love of the inhabitants of the national outskirts of the empire for their common homeland.

In the period 1914-1918. organizationally, they have improved significantly and have grown - from battalions (Latvian, Armenian, Czech squad, Polish legion squads) and divisions (Caucasian native horse) to corps (three Polish, Czechoslovak, Armenian, Caucasian native horse). This indicated both an increased sense of national identity of the peoples of the outskirts of the Russian empire, striving to "their" units, and the fact that the national units and formations fully justified themselves, achieved combat successes and consciously deployed by the command into larger combat units.

Thus, having emerged as volunteer formations during the war, the national military units of the Russian army ended the war as regular corps units.

Virtually all national formations showed themselves brilliantly in the course of hostilities, affecting the course of many combat operations. Czech squad in 1914-1915 were the "eyes and ears" of the 3 Army of the Southwestern Front, and the 1 I Czechoslovak Brigade fought well in the June offensive of 1917 near Zborov.

Although the Polish infantry, which was sitting in the trenches near Baranavichy, did not particularly recommend itself, the lancers acted brilliantly.

The most important role on the Northern front was played by the Latvian arrows, who fought with distinction at the Riga bridgehead, near Mitava and Bauska.

The Caucasian native horse division had brilliant attacks in the winter in the Carpathians, in Zadnestrovie and on the Dniester. Excellent, it also proved itself during the 1916 South-West Front Offensive - in particular, having distinguished itself by the Ingush attack near Yezeriany.

Armenian squads (later infantry battalions) also showed themselves brilliantly - both in Turkey and in Persian Azerbaijan. The highest order from 01. 01. 1917 was created from Armenians and volunteers Euphrates Cossack army - the last Cossack army of the Russian Empire.

During the war years, national formations of the Russian army gained combat experience, organizational strength strengthened, and national command cadres went through a good school in the ranks. And Russia, so on. became the birthplace of the national armies 20-30. XX century - the Czechoslovak, Polish, Latvian and Armenian.
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  1. +3
    24 March 2017 06: 10
    (C) Russia T.O. became the homeland of the national armies of 20-30. XX century - Czechoslovak, Polish, Latvian and Armenian.

    ... of these, the first two became enemies, the third traitors, and the fourth is generally unclear by whom ...
    1. Cat
      +10
      24 March 2017 07: 09
      ... of these, the first two became enemies, the third traitors, and the fourth is generally unclear by whom ...

      The Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Latvians and the peoples of the Caucasus fought during the years of the civil war, not only with Russia, even with white or red, but also for it. "Solyanka" was such that sometimes sometimes a brother raised a weapon against his brother and son against his father.
      This was especially reflected in the peoples of the Caucasus, where the "slack" of power gave Daku a wild "twist" of the bloody revelry of everyone against everyone, that "calm" came only to 24-26 years of the last century.
      According to the Armenians, I have my own opinion that the Soviet authorities, having reconciled with Turkey, “betrayed” them, let them out of necessity and being in “color”, but the fact remains. Also, all Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians who, against their will, remained outside the borders of the new Russia, were “betrayed”.
      And the last "Czechs" - "Czechs" discord. As a native of the Urals, I will say one thing, and among them were those who shot cannons at churches and graveyards, hung and killed, but there were also those who remained faithful to their new homeland. Not so simple.
      Ps in Yekaterinburg there is the Mikhailovsky Cemetery, where the common grave of the white whales is buried and guarded, and there are separate neglected graves of the Red Czechs who gave their lives for the republic and sometimes died at the hands of their brothers.
      Not so simple!
      1. +3
        25 March 2017 00: 20
        Bekovich-Cherkassky, Fedor Nikolaevich

        Fyodor Nikolaevich Bekovich-Cherkassky (1870-1953) is a Russian Cossack and Kabardino-Kumyk military leader from the Bekovich-Cherkassky clan. Lieutenant General, participant in the First World War and the White Movement. Born on May 14, 1870 in an Orthodox family, in the farm Upper Bekovichi, Tersky Troops (now Kizlyar). The son of Colonel Nikolai Efimovich Bekovich-Cherkassky (born 1841) and grandson of Colonel Efim Alexandrovich Bekovich-Cherkassky (1794-1869). The last descendant of the legendary Khasbulat.
        Achievement list
        1894 - Graduated from Elisavetgrad cavalry school.
        1903 - Graduated from Officer Cavalry School.
        1904 - Podesaul, the first commander of the Kabardian hundreds as part of the Terek-Kuban Regiment of the Caucasian Horse Brigade.
        1904−1905 - At the head of hundreds participated in the Russo-Japanese War.
        1914 - Army foreman, commandant of Irkutsk.
        He served in the Kabardian cavalry regiment.
        1916 - Commander of the Tatar Horse Regiment.
        October 29, 1916 - Commander of the 2nd brigade (Tatar and Chechen horse regiments) of the Caucasian native cavalry division.
        May 4 - October 21, 1917 - Commander of the 1st Guards Cuirassier Regiment.
        The commander of the 2nd brigade (Chechen and Ingush horse regiments) of the 1st Caucasian native cavalry division.
        Major General. Joined the Volunteer Army.
        Late 1917 - Formed mountain units in the Caucasus.
        December 8, 1918 - Commander of the 2nd Brigade of the Circassian Horse Division.
        February 1919 - Ruler of Kabarda.
        March 17, 1919 - Head of the Kabardian equestrian division.
        March 31 (April 13) 1919 - Lieutenant General.
        1920 - Consisted of the Russian Army of Wrangel before the evacuation of Crimea. He was evacuated from Yalta on the ship "Corvin".
        1921 - Member of the National Committee for the Liberation of Constantinople, then in France.
        In 1941-1945, Bekovich-Cherkassky was the head of the Russian National Resistance Movement in Paris. In 1942, the Gestapo was arrested and sentenced to death. The appeal of generals Krasnov, Shkuro and Klych-Girey directly to Himler explained that the execution of the last descendant of Khasbulat would have been negatively perceived by the Cossacks and changed to isolation in exile. After the liberation of France, was elected Chairman of the Union of Officers of the Caucasian Cossack Armies. He was a member of the Caucasian society "Allaverdi". He was a member of the Committee for the preparation of the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the birth of M. Yu. Lermontov. He was married to the Kumyk Aksay princess Nadzhavat Kaplanova,
        He died in Paris on November 16, 1953. Together with his wife, they were buried in a cemetery in Bobigny near Paris. The last male representative of the Bekovichi-Cherkassky clan.
        Awards:
        Order of St. George IV class.
        Order of St. Anne 4th Class
        3rd Anniversary Order of St. Anne with swords and bow
        Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree with swords
        Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree with swords
        Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree
        Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and bow
        Golden St. George's Arms
    2. +11
      24 March 2017 07: 53
      Quote: V.ic
      ... of these, the first two became enemies, the third traitors, and the fourth is generally unclear by whom ...


      One clarification: they became so under the Bolshevik government, for which ALL the surrounding countries and even overseas became enemies, as tens of millions of internal "enemies" appeared.
      1. Cat
        +8
        24 March 2017 08: 13
        No, not under the Soviet regime, but earlier under the interim government, which wanted to realize its “Wishlist” on the national question, but how it hadn’t yet! They don’t sit on two chairs, just like two on the same chair. The Bolsheviks only used the national map, and did not draw it. Moreover, let us recall the Bolshevik division "the proletarians of all countries unite." Is all this simple! I dare to assume that having driven up on the horse of the freedom of nations. The Bolsheviks wanted to transfer to a tank of world domination, well, at least within the Russian Empire.
        1. +10
          24 March 2017 08: 35
          Quote: Kotischa
          Not under the Soviet regime, but earlier under the interim government which wanted to realize its “Wishlist”


          “Wishlist” is to give you a thought up for reality, and FACTS say otherwise: neither Czechoslovakia, nor Poles, nor Finns, nor Armenians were enemies of the EaP (namely, this is what we are discussing).
          But the Bolsheviks were surrounded by "enemies", outside and inside.
          Enemies, all around enemies and only enemies and all-chasing unfortunate fighters for happiness. Even medtermin exists, about such "persecuted."
        2. +6
          24 March 2017 13: 55
          Quote: Kotischa
          let us recall the Bolshevik division "the proletarians of all countries unite."

          Yes, they had plenty of “sweet” mottos and slogans, so the people followed them, and when I realized what these promises were, it was too late.
      2. +3
        24 March 2017 09: 24
        Quote: Olgovich
        Bolshevik authorities, for which all the surrounding countries and even overseas-have become enemies,

        ... by your logic, so all the interventionists, from the Greeks to the Japanese, were the cutest people who wished Russia prosperity and prosperity?
    3. avt
      +7
      24 March 2017 09: 18
      Quote: V.ic
      ... of these, the first two became enemies, the third traitors, and the fourth is generally unclear by whom ...

      Did the brain even go out for a walk? Well judging by the peremptory graduation wassat And the Gaspod of the Ahfitsers stratified into Civil, too, to loosen weakly? The Great Revolution really took place in Russia and now I even agree with the opinion that from February to October. And it led to such a kneading that for the most part they shared not even according to nationality, but ideological! In which, "the right of the nation to self-determination" was a MEANS for achieving specific political goals. For the Bolsheviks in particular, the world revolution. It is better to measure the temperature in Celsius and even Fahrenheit, but not in GMT. But the series of articles is generally nice good and informative. What is called - in the format.
      1. +1
        24 March 2017 10: 44
        Quote: avt
        Well judging by the peremptory graduation

        ... brevity = sister of talent! As for the appeal, this is a "bakery" bow and you will be rewarded!
        Quote: avt
        And the Gaspod of the Ahfitsers stratified into Civil, too, to loosen weakly?

        In view of class solidarity, I will not say anything, I only note that during the assault on Yekaterinodar the “pioneers” (when Gen. Kornilov was killed) there were almost more officers in the city than the whites in the front lines, but ... they stayed.
        1. avt
          +1
          24 March 2017 12: 36
          Quote: V.ic
          there were almost more officers in the city than the whites in the front chains, but ... they sat out.

          And when Kornilov went on an “Ice Campaign”, so in Rostov the Don and more, so graduating in the Civil War who is a traitor to someone and what a traitor without a specific ideological background is a priori occupation, or in kind, useless. But the same Latvians , knocked out by Holtz and included in the backbone of the Latvian division, were naturally more motivated by the ideals of the revolution, who were knocked out up to 8 thousand at the time of the dissolution of the division at the end of the war than the average recruits of the Red Army, as well as from the opposite side but just as mobilized as opposed to real volunteers.
          1. +3
            24 March 2017 21: 07
            They were knocked out not by 8 thousand, but by more: “The strength of the Latvian division was constantly changing. It was the largest by September 1918 - about 24000 riflemen, commanders and commissars. In addition, as noted above, in other Latvian units, in The non-members Latvian division was served by about 11000 red Latvians, and gradually they were included in the Latvian division to supplement its losses.
            During the invasion of Latvia, the Latvian division served as the basis for the formation of the Soviet Latvian Army, which, according to documents preserved in the archives in May 1919, numbered 45317 people. But since the Soviet Latvian Army had 3 regiments of Russian and international composition, the number of Latvians in it did not exceed 40000.
            During the battles in Latvia and Estonia, the Soviet Latvian Army lost a good half of the shooters - killed, seriously wounded, prisoners, deserters and defectors to the side of national Latvians. After such losses, it was disbanded, and all the arrows were merged into one Latvian division, and by the summer of 1920 all other small Latvian units had joined it (with the exception of those serving in the VOKhR and Cheka). Based on these figures, over the years of the Civil War, over 45000 Bolshevik Latvians passed through the Latvian division, and they laid their heads in the struggle for the triumph of communism on the fronts and during the suppression of uprisings by more than 30000 Latvian riflemen. "
            As for the ideals of the revolution - "the vast majority of the division’s personnel (more than 90% of the Red Army and more than half of the command staff) refused to serve further in the Red Army and returned to their homeland.
            It is interesting that among the returnees there was a significant part of the former party members ... Already in the "bourgeois-nationalist" republic, they motivated their service with the Reds and membership in the party by the struggle for a common cause, i.e. - with the White Guards - for the freedom and independence of Latvia! "
            1. avt
              0
              24 March 2017 22: 25
              Quote: Gopnik
              They were knocked out not by 8 thousand, but more:

              It's like
              Quote: lambert
              lambert

              laurels do not give sleep with him
              Quote: lambert
              According to official data
              ? And read my whole comment and comprehend?
              Quote: avt
              knocked out up to 8 thousand at the time of the dissolution of the division at the end of the war,

              We read attentively
              Quote: avt
              the moment of the dissolution of the division at the end of the war

              The Latvian division, which was actually created from the remnants of the Latvian regiments, which was declared but not properly formed by the Latvian Army, was disbanded and the personnel replenished 52 divisions by the end of 1921. But most of the surviving ethnic 8 thousand Latvians of the division really returned to Latvia.
              Quote: Gopnik
              About the ideals of the revolution

              Firstly, there is no desire to delve into the number and percentage of nationalities of the Latvian division during the Civil War, well, I'm tired, but about
              Quote: Gopnik
              About the ideals of the revolution

              Write for yourself about the number of people who died, like this yourself and figure out how many died for your beliefs, and how many returned, maybe by putting a party card on the table. From the calculation of 8 thousand and 90% to yours
              Quote: Gopnik
              45000

              и
              Quote: Gopnik
              and they laid their heads in the struggle for the triumph of communism on the fronts and during the suppression of uprisings by more than 30000 Latvian riflemen. "

              Not a frail percentile? How does it relate to a similar calculation of returnees from the White Army to the RSFSR? Well, about those about which Mikhalkov ,, “Sunstroke” heated his head? Current does not need to jump off the topic for the fate of the innocently killed, and both of them.
              1. +3
                24 March 2017 22: 59
                Quote: avt
                knocked out up to 8 thousand at the time of the dissolution of the division at the end of the war


                How to understand this phrase? Who was standing on whom? When they knocked out these 8 thousand?

                The Latvian Rifle Division was created before the Latvian Soviet Army. And in the LSA was also created the 2nd Infantry Division. After the defeat in Latvia, the remnants of the 2nd division replenished the 1st division, and then separate Latvian battalions and companies went there too.
                The fact that out of 45 thousand killed 30 thousand, I think, is an exaggeration. These are rather common losses. As a rule, there were as many mutilated ones as there were killed; such losses are not possible for the dead. And the fact that 90% of the 8 thousand (without cavalry and, as I understand it, artillery battalion) who were in the ranks of the division fell down did not contradict the fact that a total of 12-13 thousand returned with the refugees. Because except for those in the ranks, there were probably rear lines and wounded in hospitals after the autumn battles of 1920.

                Quote: avt
                How does it relate to a similar calculation of returnees from the White Army to the RSFSR?

                But what about 90% and 20%?
                Their whole “ideal” is a war with the Russian state, those who proclaimed “United and Indivisible Russia”. As soon as they got independent Latvia and defeated the Russian army, they dumped without hesitation, spit on party cards.
      2. +5
        24 March 2017 14: 00
        Quote: avt
        And the Gaspod of the Ahfitsers stratified into Civil, too, to loosen weakly?

        well, if we take into account precisely those
        Quote: avt
        Gaspod Ahfitserov,
        of which you speak so, there are few of them left and the vast majority of them were for the whites, or emigrated, or simply did not climb. For the most part, who sided with the Reds, they were raznochintsy, called up from the reserve or hastily retrained students and intellectuals.
  2. +10
    24 March 2017 06: 31
    Thank. Details, informative, interesting .... I will most likely express the general opinion: the material is well prepared, the topic is disclosed, the heading of the site is fully consistent. We look forward to continuing about the national formations of the Civil War.
  3. +6
    24 March 2017 08: 15
    Turned another page of the WWI, what's next ... we look forward to continuing ...
  4. +7
    24 March 2017 08: 36
    Thank you Alexey. Write about the Russian Guard. You're good at.
  5. +1
    24 March 2017 08: 43
    Everything would be fine, only illustration No. 20 (Highlanders in attack), it seems that Ostap Bender and Kisa Vorobyaninov were drawing
    1. +2
      24 March 2017 09: 18
      Quote: Aviator_
      it looks like Ostap Bender and Kisa Vorobyaninov were drawing

      Joke. "Petka, take a look - Chapai with Furmanov beer with crayfish they drink! Come on, An, it’s they who have such a mdp after yesterday "...
  6. +7
    24 March 2017 09: 15
    The Ephratic Cossack army certainly sounds, you may have to recreate soon bully
  7. +21
    24 March 2017 10: 40
    Good afternoon, dear colleagues, forum users.
    Thank you very much for your support, positive feedback and fair comments!
    I took into account proposals for the future, and in the future I will try to implement them to the best of my ability.
    Best regards
    Oleynikov A.
  8. +4
    24 March 2017 13: 22
    The use of "native" military units, the usual "imperial" practice, Caucasians, Senegalese, Indians, gurkhs, etc. Obviously, to use the combat potential of the peoples that are part of the "imperial" states, subject to the various development of peoples (a kind of apartheid), it is best obtained by using them as part of the "native" parts. When aligning (at least relative), public the development of peoples and nationalities that are part of the state, the creation of national military formations is not so relevant, although it is still better for people to fight surrounded by their countrymen.
    In general, thanks to the author for the work done, it is soundly and interestingly enough.
    1. +6
      24 March 2017 14: 26
      Quote: motorized infantryman
      Senegalese, Indians, Gurkhas, etc.

      Yeah, as well as the "Irish", the "Scots" are also "native" parts of the British army.
      In the RIA such "native" as the Senegalese and Gurkh, formations can be called, perhaps, the regiments of the "natives" not subject to conscription - the Tekinsky regiment and the "Wild Division", consisting of volunteers. The rest, including the Crimean Horse Regiment, were created for completely different reasons and principles.
      1. +2
        24 March 2017 15: 13
        I don’t write about the donors. Kuban and so on, I do not write about the Canadian and Australian parts. I am writing about the parts whose contingent is lagging (I do not like the term, then it is very (mentally) different), let's say imperial. The very word "native" has a semantic, I will say more, mental meaning. To create a military unit from Australians (whites) or Canadians, to manage it, is nevertheless easier than creating the same from the inhabitants of Nepal or Morocco, besides not knowing the language. The same is with the Caucasians of that time in comparison with the same Crimean regiment or the Polish part. By the way, both the Polish and Scottish units are also distinguished as national, taking into account the existence of a history of these nationalities, and the history of the lost. So, too, fighting is more fun in national formations. The Polish corps with the battles, stormed ... Or the Scottish brigade threw back the enemy ... Sounds? That sounds! Heats the soul? Just like that! In general, in war all means are good !.
        1. +5
          24 March 2017 16: 59
          Well, and what are the Poles, Latvians, for example, behind the rest of the contingent ?? They served on a common basis in ordinary units. And the creation of these parts had a very definite and justified meaning. Created parts motivated to fight for their small homeland. Therefore, the Latvian arrows fought on the territory of Latvia, against a centuries-old enemy; Poles in the eastern territories, let’s say, of ethnic Poland, against the centuries-old enemy for the independence of their country; Czechoslovakians on the Southwestern Front for the independence of their country; Armenians in the territory of ethnic Armenia against a century-old enemy. Those. these units were created from ordinary RIA soldiers and “imprisoned” for a specific theater and for a specific enemy, and therefore they were not transferred to other fronts.
          But the "native" can be called the national units which, in principle, do not care with whom to fight, and formed from volunteers - the Tekinsky Regiment, the Wild Division. And, mb, very conditionally, the Crimean regiment is a national unit, but at the same time, as I understand it, not all conscripts of the Crimean Tatars served in it, but also in ordinary units.
        2. +4
          24 March 2017 17: 07
          But after February, by the way, things started going on, but processes similar to the appearance of the "Irish", "Scottish" units - the nationalization of military units. They tried to create Estonian units, Lithuanian (if I remember correctly), Tatar, and, of course, the most numerous - Ukrainianized units. Here the goal was also specific - nationalization as a counterweight to the decline of discipline and Bolshevization.
  9. +1
    24 March 2017 13: 22
    Quote: avt
    Quote: V.ic
    there were almost more officers in the city than the whites in the front chains, but ... they sat out.

    And when Kornilov went on an “Ice Campaign”, so in Rostov the Don and more, so graduating in the Civil War who is a traitor to someone and what a traitor without a specific ideological background is a priori occupation, or in kind, useless. But the same Latvians , knocked out by Holtz and included in the backbone of the Latvian division, were naturally more motivated by the ideals of the revolution, who were knocked out up to 8 thousand at the time of the dissolution of the division at the end of the war than the average recruits of the Red Army, as well as from the opposite side but just as mobilized as opposed to real volunteers.


    Yes, you can see the same mathematician. According to official figures on the disbandment of the Latvian units, about 12 thousand returned to Latvia. 8 and 12 are combined. If one officer is counted on 3 privates, then the number is at least 16 thousand.
    If only the writer of comments used at least some kind of information. And just shouted from the bushes and no evidence
    1. The comment was deleted.
  10. +3
    24 March 2017 13: 53
    Another contemporary wrote that the division was one of the best up to the collapse of the army and fully fulfilled its duty, without giving up deserters and surrendering during the war [Maksimovich S.V. Memories of service in the Headquarters of the Caucasian Equestrian Division // Military History. 1968. No. 93. C. 22].
    and compare how these national formations fought for the “Soviet homeland” in the Second World War, how many “traitors” and “accomplices” gave
  11. 0
    24 March 2017 19: 13
    “Highlanders in attack” is a German caricature, not a full-scale sketch.
    1. 0
      24 March 2017 22: 47
      Well, the author also had to write this
      1. +16
        25 March 2017 07: 27
        And you can find out - where are these conclusions?
        What is this caricature?
        Or what - German and not Austrian?
  12. The comment was deleted.

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