Pilots of the Soviet East. In memory of women participating in the Great Patriotic War
Until 1930, no one in the East could even imagine that women would start flying planes. The first pilot in the Transcaucasus and the Caucasus = - Azerbaijani Leila Mamedbekova (1909-1989) became a woman. Her first flight, having received flight qualifications at the Baku Aeroclub, she made in 1931 year. But even with the formation of the aeroclub, Leila was initially not allowed to continue his flying career. I had to ask for help personally to the all-powerful in Azerbaijan, the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan Republic, Mardjafar Bagirov. Only after his personal permission Leila Mamedbekova was able to continue her way to heaven. In 1932, a young Azerbaijani woman went to Moscow - to the Tushino Flight School, and in March 17 1933 made a parachute jump from U-2. That is, Mamedbekova became the second woman in the Union parachutist after Nina Kamneva.
Having received the rank of major aviation, Leyla Mammadbekova was engaged in aviation training at the Baku flying club. At the same time, she did not forget about maternal duty. When the Great Patriotic War began, the 32-year-old Leila already had four children. It was this circumstance that prevented her from being sent to the front. Although Leila repeatedly appealed to the republican military registration and enlistment office with a request to send her to the army, the mother of four children was invariably refused. The only thing that the first Muslim woman, a pilot of the USSR, was able to achieve was permission to open parachute courses, where she got the opportunity to train parachutists using her qualifications and rich experience. Leyla Mamedbekova made her last flight in 1949, at the age of forty. Prior to retirement, she served as deputy chairman of DOSAAF in Baku.
A number of Caucasian women became military pilots during the Great Patriotic War. So, Lelya Magometovna Boguzokova (1922 — 1951), a native of the Lakshukai aul, Lelia Boguzokova graduated from a seven-year school and entered the Adygei Pedagogical School. At that time such a path was no longer out of the ordinary - teaching staff in national regions were required, and indigenous women were more and more actively involved in vocational education. After graduating from the pedagogical school, Lelya Boguzokova entered the Adygei Pedagogical Institute in Maikop, and then went to work as a teacher in one of the schools of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In May, 1942, a twenty-year-old girl, was appointed headmaster at Novye Atagi. Such then there was a shortage of literate teachers that a young girl with an incomplete higher education could become the director of an educational institution.
However, already in 1943, Lelia Boguzokova asked to go to the front. It would seem that prevented her from working calmly, especially in a prestigious position. After all, a good career in education opened up ahead. But, like many of her contemporaries, Boguzokova thought differently. She asked for military aviation and, in the end, her request was granted. Lelia Boguzokova was hired as a radio operator. In November, 1943 was enrolled in the 765 th assault aviation regiment, in the crew of Pyotr Pavlovich Likarenko, she flew IL-2. After some time, Lelia Boguzokova married Petr Likarenko. AT stories Soviet military aviation, yes, probably, and world aviation, it was the first crew, bound by marriage. On their plane, Likarenko and Boguzokov wrote - "From Moscow to Berlin." And indeed, having begun the combat path in the North Caucasus, the crew finished it in Germany, launching air strikes at Berlin. By the way, Lelya Boguzokova was pregnant during the fighting for Berlin. In 1945, her son Igor was born.
For the courage shown, the shooter Lelia Boguzokova, who made 59 combat missions, received thanks from I.V. Stalin, was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage". After the war, Lelia Boguzokova returned to her former profession. She completed her studies at a pedagogical institute and became a teacher of Russian language and literature in a Moscow school. Unfortunately, the life of this amazing woman was short. In the 1951 year, before the age of thirty, she died of leukemia. The son of Lely Boguzokova, Igor Likarenko (1945-2008) followed in the footsteps of her parents. He became a military aviation engineer, promoted to the rank of colonel. His grandson Andrew chose the career of a military pilot for himself - he graduated from the Irkutsk Higher Military Aviation School. Another grandson - Anton - was educated at the Kiev Aviation Institute, and Maxim graduated from Kiev Economic University.
In addition, the generation that Lelya Boguzokova belonged to Bawer Jafarova (1920-1976) - the first female pilot and parachutist of Dagestan. When she was born, her father, jeweler Fatali Jafarov, was already a middle-aged man. His daughter was educated at a regular Soviet high school. The girl was about ten years old when she first saw the airplane, and from that time the dream of the sky, about flights, firmly sat down in her mind. But she did not tell her family about her dream. Caucasian girls had a lot in common - like Lelia Boguzokova, Bawer Jafarova entered Dagestan Pedagogical College in Buinaksk after school, and after graduation she went to Makhachkala under the care of her elder brother Jafar. Baver began working as deputy head of the organizing department of the Dagestan CEC to work among girls and women, and in the evenings she attended classes at the Makhachkala flying club. I didn’t put parents on the course - I was afraid of their reaction, yet in traditional society such an activity for a girl was clearly not welcomed. In the end, Bawar graduated from a flying school and received the title of civil pilot. So, the whole republic learned about the first girl-pilot from the Dagestan village. Bawar flew U-2 and quickly flew a large number of hours. She was even invited to Moscow, where the young Dagestan woman met other famous Soviet women pilots. All this happened shortly before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
When the war began, Bawar Jafarova began preparing pilots for the Red Army. On her account - many trained students, who then fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. After the Victory, Baver Jafarova left the aircraft and returned to a peaceful life. She received an appointment as director of the Makhachkala cinema "Temp", and under her leadership the cinema soon became one of the best in the country. In the field of culture, Baver Fataliyevna demonstrated no less success than in aviation, and received the title of Honored Culture Worker of the DASSR and the RSFSR.
Zuleikha Mir-Habib Kyzy Seidmamedova (1919-1999) became the first Azerbaijani pilot to take part in the war. As we can see, everything is also a generation, "Stalin's youth." Zuleikha became interested in aviation while still at school, and after graduation she entered the Azerbaijan Industrial Institute. It was not bad for a girl from Azerbaijan, but the sky beckoned Zuleikha much more than the prospect of working as an engineer. In the spring of 1934, Zuleikha began classes at the Baku Aeroclub, and in October of the same year she received the qualification of a pilot, thus becoming the first Azerbaijani girl - a pilot. January 21 The 1936 of the year Zuleikha was received in the Kremlin, where the Order of the Badge of Honor was presented to a very young Azerbaijani woman.
After Zuleikha graduated from the Azerbaijan Industrial Institute with the qualification of a geologist in 1938, she applied to the N. Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Although it was still peacetime, the leadership decided, on an exceptional basis, to allow the first Azerbaijani female pilot to take the entrance exam. Having successfully passed the test, Zuleikha entered the faculty of training navigators. 23 February 1940, she was awarded the military rank of junior lieutenant of aviation. By the way, while studying at the academy, Zuleikha was elected deputy of the Moscow City Council. In May 1941, Zuleikha Seyidmamedova completed her studies at the Air Force Academy and was assigned to the position of navigator of a squadron in a training aviation regiment of the same academy. However, after the start of the Great Patriotic War, the training regiment was transformed into a combat regiment, after which it was included in the air defense system of Moscow. But the regiment was not sent to the front, although Zuleikha herself was eager to fight. At the end of 1941, she achieved her assignment as navigator in the 586 th Fighter Aviation Regiment. Zuleikha was part of it and went through the whole Great Patriotic War.
The combat path of the Azerbaijani pilots is the Battle of Stalingrad and the Kursk Bulge, the Korsun-Shevchenko operation and the battles for Bucharest, many other battles of the Great Patriotic War. Zuleikha Seidmamedova made more 500 sorties and conducted more 40 air battles. At the time of the war, she served as deputy commander of the 586 th Fighter Regiment. Like many other war veterans, after the Victory, Zuleikha Seidmamedova was demobilized from the air force and returned to Azerbaijan. Responsible Komsomol and party work awaited such a famous native of the republic. In September, 1946 was elected secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR, and in 1947 she was elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR. In 1951-1974 Zuleikha Seyidmamedova was the Minister of Social Security of the Azerbaijan SSR.
The heroism of Khiuaz Dospanova (1922-2008), one of the first pilots of Kazakhstan and a participant in World War II, is impressive. Her path is similar to the life roads of many other pilots from the Muslim republics of the USSR. In 1940, Hiuaz graduated from high school in Uralsk with a gold medal. By this time, she already had solid experience in the local aeroclub, and therefore received, together with the school certificate, the qualification of a pilot in the reserve. In the summer of 1940, the medalist and Komsomol Dospanova went to "conquer Moscow". She wanted to realize her dream - to become a real, professional military pilot, and applied to the Air Force Academy. Zhukovsky. However, the young Kazakh woman was refused admission, and Dospanova submitted an application to the First Moscow Medical Institute. A year later, the war began. October 13 1941, a student of the medical institute Hiuaz Dospanova, made a personal appointment to the famous M. Raskova. She made a good impression on the aviator, and she was credited with the navigator. October 26 1941, the year Dospanova began a course at Engels Military Aviation School of Pilots, from where she was issued by the navigator-shooter in the 588 th bomber night regiment.
Khiuaz Dospanova had to fight in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, in Ukraine and in Belarus. During the war years, the Kazakh female pilot made 300 sorties. Unfortunately, not without injuries. The most terrible of them was Hiuaz 1 April 1943 of the year. The planes returning from a combat mission with Soviet women pilots collided in the air. On one plane flew Julia Pashkova and Khiuaz Dospanova, on the other - Polina Makogon and Lydia Svistunova. When an ambulance arrived at the crash site, Makogon and Svistunova were dead. Julia Pashkova died a little later. Thus, Khiuaz Dospanova was the only one who survived the terrible catastrophe. Dospanova had both legs broken. After treatment, the girl returned to the regiment, but could no longer continue to serve as a pilot. She could not even get on her own and get out of the plane. Seeing this, the command decided to transfer Khiuaz Dospanova to staff work - she became responsible in the regiment for communication.
From the war, Khiuaz Dospanova returned as an invalid to the 2 group. She initially hoped to recover at the medical school, but then took up political work. Having traveled from the instructor of the West Kazakhstan regional party committee to the secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Kazakh SSR, Dospanova was elected a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR in 1951. Khiuaz Dospanova worked as secretary of the Almaty city party committee. But front-line injuries forced her in 1959 year to retire. True, the further life of Khiuaz Kairovny was long - she died only half a century later, in the 2008 year.
Of course, in the short format of the article you cannot tell about all the heroic participants of the Great Patriotic War from the national republics of the USSR. However, these examples are enough to once again recall the contribution of all the peoples of the Soviet Union to the victory over fascist Germany, and also to think about the vast opportunities the Soviet state opened up for people from national republics, including women .
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