“Triumphs” without 40H6 products: how lame is the defense capability of the Russian Aerospace Forces?
Variant of the 5P85CM2 launcher (ZRK C-400 “Triumph”) with 3 transport-launch canisters for the 48НХNUMXХ6 / ДМ PSM, and the 2ХX1 launch module for the 3XXXXXXXXXXXXXX DMM XMNXX SAM and 9 96 launch module for the 2XMXM DMM and XNUMXXXNUMX.
Truly a mysterious value among the media, forums and military-analytical resources gained promising anti-aircraft guided ultra-long-range missile under the symbol 40Н6. The first conversations about this product appeared around 2007, when the Almaz-Antey air defense holding company had the idea of creating exostratospheric long-range interceptor missiles to destroy the widest range of promising means of air attack in the altitude range from 5 to 150 or even 200 km. The acceleration in the development of the 40H6 product was greatly influenced by the “close space closure” initiative, voiced by then First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov during a visit to the holding, which apparently appeared after the noticeable progress on the Standard Missile-3 program. Recall that by the 2004 year, the experimental anti-missile RIM-161A (SM-3 Block I) had the first exostospheric object intercepted at an altitude of 137 km. Over the 10-year period of its existence, the anti-missile project 40H6 has been specifically “overgrown” with numerous myths and distortions of real facts. To which only anti-aircraft missile system it was not attributed. These are the C-400 “Triumph”, which is actively replacing the good old (and still more or less modern C-300PS), and the C-300ВМ / В4 trooper, and the most promising 55Р6М “Triumphant-M” (C -500 "Prometheus").
For example, in January of 2017, one of the numerous Chinese military-analytical resources, alarmed at the lack of the 40H6 SAM included in the received Four-Hundred, even launched a whole investigation into the possible presence of these missiles at the Russian 40P6 “Triumph”, relying on our and western sources. The Chinese also mentioned 350-400, the kilometer long-range missile 9М82МВ from the combat kit of the modernized C-300В4 air defense system, which is often confused with 40Н6; and closing the sky over AVB Hmeymim "Syrian" C-400, which, according to the US space exploration, have standard 4-hzaryadnye CPG 5P85SM2 with surface-to-air missile 48N6DM without any "hints" on 2-hzaryadnye CPG for 40N6 missiles. As a result, it was finally confirmed that the advanced SAM would begin to en masse to enter the Aerospace Forces only as part of the promising 55P6М Triumphator-M complex. And now we have such a picture: “Triumphs” are equipped only with 48H6X2 SAMs, their upgraded versions, which received the 48H6DM index, as well as 9М96Е / Е2 (in limited quantities). Our task is to determine the real level of threat from the presence in the C-400 only the above types of missiles, as well as the absence of 40Н6Е and the possible lack of 9М96Е2.
Despite the fact that 48H6Х2 anti-aircraft guided missiles (known to us by the C-300PMU-2 air defense missile system) are still equipped with semi-active radar homing heads, their energy and maneuverability capabilities remain high. The thrust impulse of a solid-propellant rocket engine is 245 s, and the maximum speed at the moment of fuel burnout is about 7560 km / h (7,1М), which is approximately 23% faster than the MIM-104C SAM system of the Patriot PAC-2 (5,76M) complex. The missiles are capable of intercepting high-precision hypersonic aerospace elements. weapons at speeds up to 2800 m / s on counter-intersecting trajectories, as well as hypersonic targets with speeds around 5М (1475 m / s) on catch-up trajectories to the rear hemisphere (the second variant is implemented at a distance of no more than 40 - 50 km from an anti-aircraft missile division C-300PMU-2 due to the speed drop of 48Н6-2 with aerodynamic drag.
High mobility 48N6E2 rocket is achieved through the use of advanced gas jet system of the thrust vector deflection provided gazodinamicheskimi ailerons in the nozzle channel TRD (Similar schemes can be found in missiles "air-to-air» MBDA «Meteor», AIM-9X «Sidewinder», MICA-EM / IR , PL-10E and “IRIS-T”). After the end of the period of operation of a solid-fuel engine, the tail aerodynamic control surfaces, mounted close to the tail stabilizers, are used in the control process. The missile 48H6Е2 developed by the Fakel ICB and the Avangard series mass production Avangard has a maximum overload limit of 35 units. and a combat radius of action in 200 km, and in characteristics significantly exceeds the 5B55PM SAM system of the C-300PS complex. The “trick” of this rocket is several modes of undermining the 180-kilogram high-explosive fragmentation warhead, one of which is the multi-point initiation mode, which forms the optimally directed fragmentation zone towards the target. This mode is used during the execution of the anti-missile interception of the OTB and often leads to the initiation of combat equipment of the enemy’s missile even without kinetic destruction. It is worth noting that the weight of the warhead of this missile 7,5 times the mass of warheads 9М96Е2, which makes it possible to destroy the equipment of the enemy’s missiles even more effectively even without a direct hit. The mass of the 48Н6Е2 rocket is 1900 kg.
The presence of the Triumph C-400 48H6Е2 anti-aircraft missile does not affect the performance of the complex, since the advanced multifunctional 92H6Е radar is now responsible for simultaneously capturing air targets at the exact tracking and shelling of 10. With this SAM “Triumph” can also work on ballistic targets at a distance of up to 50 km with an efficiency several times higher than the C-300PS / PMX1; 48N6E2 product continued to be updated more modern element base, which led to the modification 48N6P-01 complexes for C 300PM1 / 2, and then to 48N6DM (export index 48N6E3) intended for use in ammunition promiscuity C-400. Today, this anti-missile is the main means of defeating the “Four Hundreds”.
It is distinguished from 48H6EX2 by a slightly more powerful solid-propellant rocket engine, as well as the significantly improved element base of on-board radio-electronic equipment. With full preservation of the mass-dimensional indicators of 48Н6Е and 48Н6Х2 missiles, the maximum speed of 48Н6ДМ reached 8,47М (2500 m / s), and the range of 250 km. This, of course, is not 400 km, originally stated (with the possible integration of 40Н6 antimissiles), but definitely 1,56 times more than the range of “Patriot” MIM-104C SAM (160 km). The type and mass of the warhead, as well as the “smart” principle of its initiation, are similar to those used on 48Н6Е2. The new computational facilities of the 92H6E multipurpose radar antenna station and the 55K6E command and control center have expanded the speed limits of the target for the 48H6DM SAM from 10100 to 17280 km / h, making it possible to break far ahead in comparison with “Patriot P-17”, “NmxX”, which allowed us to go far ahead in comparison with “Patriot P-17”, “NmxX”, which made it possible to break far ahead in comparison with “Patriot P-17”, “NmxX”, which allowed us to take the lead far ahead in comparison with “Patriot P-17“ 174 .
The excellent maneuvering qualities of the 48H6DM missiles, as well as any other missiles with aerodynamic control principle, after the termination of the operation of the power plant are maintained to altitudes of 25-27 km. At altitudes of 35-37 km, they are sharply reduced due to the sparsity of the stratosphere, which does not allow intercepting highly maneuverable ballistic and aerodynamic hypersonic objects. The same high-altitude restrictions are available for the 5В55Р, 48Н6Е, MIM-104C, RIM-174 ERAM missiles and any other non-gas-dynamic "belts" of transverse control engines.
In the West, this issue is solved with the help of ERINT ERINT and Aster-30 systems of the Patriot PAC-3 and SAMP-T complexes, in our Chetyrehsotke and the future C-350 "Vityaz" - with the help of the 9МXNNXX / Е96 SAME. The latter are equipped with engines of transverse control of the DPU, the blocks of which are located closer to the center of mass of the rockets. As you know, they allow you to maneuver with overloading more than 2-20 units. even at altitudes of 25-35 km (and up to 40 units at altitudes up to 65 km), which is fantastic for SAMs with an aerodynamic control system. 5М9Е96 anti-missiles have a range of 2 km, and are capable even on the final part of the trajectory (at speed 150-700 m / s) to be rotated onto a maneuvering target with an 800 overload 20 km; ZNUR 25H48-6 at the same speed and altitude more than 2-8 units. not "squeeze". The 10М9Е96 is equipped with an active radar homing head, which makes it possible to hit targets in the “let-forget” mode, unloading the 2H92Е6 RPN to capture the following elements of a high-precision weapon, and also allows the “hit-to-kill” kinetic interception method to be captured. An important tactical point is the ability to hit strategic horizon cruise missiles flying at extremely low altitudes, by targeting third-party ground-based or airborne radar vehicles, which is not possible when using 2H48М missiles. Thus, the 6М9Е96 interceptor missiles can knock down the Tomahawk or the AGM-2B JASSM-ER CKR, which are sent to targets in the so-called "intellectual" mode, using the trajectory of the fly-by of divisional radars of illumination and targeting.
Meanwhile, starting around 2013-2014-gg., Some sources claim that the VKS have a serious shortage of missiles 9М96Е2, which are not fully received by the C-400 Triumph brigades. And, apparently, these guesses are explained by the really insufficient rates of production of the product in the shops of OJSC “Moscow Machine-Building Plant“ Avangard ”. The thing is that the shortened quadruple transport-launch modules (which fit only in 1 TPK for 48НХNUMXДМ) for the product 6М9Е96 were seen mainly at various aerospace exhibitions. In this 2 configuration, the 1P5SE85 launcher carries the 2 3H48DM and 6X9X96. As part of the regimental sets transmitted to the Aerospace Forces, we more often see standard quad 2P5SE85 only for 2Н48Х6 / ДМ missiles. And in the photo reports on the work of Avangard, photos with the stages of assembling 2's products are quite rare, and only 96 products appear. News not very pleasant, but, apparently, - a fact. How can the lack of missiles 9М96Е2 affect the anti-missile capabilities of anti-aircraft missile brigades equipped with C-400 "Triumph" divisions? The answer is simple.
Serious problems can be observed when repelling massive missileaviation enemy strikes (MRAU) with the use of low-altitude cruise missiles, which will very often "break through" air defense outside the radio horizon of divisional RPNs (only 35-40 km from the complexes). To hit the target outside the radio horizon, the 48N6DM missile will not be allowed by the semi-active radar seeker, which is software-bound and requires constant illumination of the 92N6E MRLS. Theoretically, there is a possibility of placing radar type 92Н6Е on the sides of the military transport An-124 "Ruslan", capable of solving the issue of over-the-horizon illumination for both "Three hundred" and "Chetyreh hundredok", but its practical implementation "in hardware" will face a large criticism due to the high cost of fuel required for many hours of duty of such "radio" "Ruslans" during the performance of missions of air and missile defense. Also, it will not be possible to intercept enemy high-speed maneuvering aircraft at altitudes over 32 km and destroy the "equipment" of maneuvering MRBM warheads at similar altitudes.
As for the absence in the arsenals of the C-400 “Triumph” anti-aircraft interceptors 40НХNUMX, the situation here is not so gloomy. First, the product intended for the exoatmospheric interception of aerospace elements of high-precision weapons will definitely go into service with the new Triumphator-M complex. Secondly, today its function is perfectly performed by the 6М9МВ ZUR-interceptor, developed on the basis of the 82М9М rocket and included in the ammunition of the new C-82B300 anti-aircraft missile system. From 4 to 2004, 2006М9МВ demonstrated the ability to destroy training targets at speeds up to 82 km / s (4,6М). Like the original modification, the new rocket is represented by an 15,6-spacing design “carrying cone”, but with more efficient fuel and gas-dynamic controls, which made it possible to achieve a maximum flight speed of 2 m / s, altitude — more than 2700-50 km, and also maneuver with overloads around xnumx units at altitudes over 70 km. The compact combat (25-I) stage, formed by the "carrying cone", has minimal aerodynamic resistance and deceleration speed at hypersonic speeds, and therefore, taking into account the gas-dynamic rudders, the rocket has the highest speeds of turning at such high altitudes.
In the anti-rocket 9M82МВ active radar homing is used, which is activated on the final leg of the flight; inertial guidance with radio correction is used at the starting and marching sections. Due to the active radar homing, 9М82МВ missile systems are capable of unloading continuous illumination radars located on the 9А82 / 83 PU, as well as the 9СXNNXXМ launcher, which are part of the C-32М ZNK 300-NG This already puts the new ZUR on a step higher than the 4H48DM family of missiles. The range of this rocket reached 6 km, which placed the updated military “Antey” much closer to the “Triumphator” than the sensational “Four-Hundred”.
Interceptor missiles developed for the C-500 "Prometheus" ("Triumphant-M")
An interesting quality of the C-300В family, including the C-300B4, is increased survivability in a difficult jamming environment, taking into account the huge number of enemy aircraft. Of great importance here is a rich nomenclature of divisional radar equipment. First, it is 2 type of the main radar detection, tracking and target designation: 9С15М2 “Review-3” and 9С32М, performing the functions of long-range radar detection, stitching of air routes and target designation for radar of continuous illumination. Secondly, the specialized radar of the program review with the PFAR 9С19М2 "Ginger", intended for the sector review of the airspace for the presence of small aerodynamic and ballistic targets of the enemy. Operating in the centimeter X-band "Ginger" has the highest accuracy of detection and tracking of CC (range accuracy -70 m), which is possible due to the narrow scanning beam 0,5 width degrees. The resolution and energy potential of this station far exceed the analogous parameters of MCNR 9C32М. The station is able to detect targets with 0,02 m2 EPR at a distance of at least 50 km. Thirdly, each C-300B4 battery has 2 launchers 9А82М for 9М82М / MB anti-missiles, and also 4 PU 9А83М for 9А83М. Each of the above PU is equipped with a continuous radiation radar to highlight air targets. Thus, even at the battery level, the Antey has more radar facilities in 6 times than the C-400, which has only one 92Н6Е.
One C-300B4 division is significantly more advanced than the C-300 / 400 family. It includes 4 batteries, each of which has a multifunctional 9C32М missile guidance station, and therefore destroy the C-300B4 division, which is several times more complicated than the Favorite or Triumph division. From all we make several unambiguous conclusions.
1. The absence of long-range interceptor missiles with the 40H6 index in service with the Triumph C-400 airborne missiles does not carry such a serious threat to the survivability and network-centric abilities of our air defense systems, like the possible acute shortage of the “gas-dynamic” 996XXNX SAMs. The latter make it possible to destroy all types of WTO in the endoatmospheric segment of aerospace, which interceptors of the type 2H48DM are not fully capable of.
2. The functions of the 40Н6 interceptor missiles, which should appear in service with the advanced systems Triumphant-M, for several years will be partially entrusted to the 9М82МВ interceptors of the С-300В4 complexes, which have approximate tactical and technical characteristics. The 9М82МВ rockets are approximately 2 times larger than the 48Н6ДМ ZUR missiles in terms of the basic performance characteristics and capabilities of the fight against ballistic targets. Anti-missile complex "Triumphant-M" will begin to enter into service with the VC 2018 year. Most likely, its ammunition will include 3 of the main types of anti-missile missiles, 40H6, 77H6-H and 77H6-H1. They will hit BCs at ranges up to 600 km and altitudes of 200-250 km. The integration of the 9М96Е / Е2 and 48Н6ДМ ZUR from the "Triumph" kit, designed to intercept aerodynamic objects and FBGs, is also possible. The "Five Hundreds" will block all the gaps in the C-400 complexes observed today from the absence or shortage of missiles of the 40H6 and 9М96Х2 types.
Moreover, promising radar tools and an automated air defense link management system (mobile sector radar mars Mars, RPN 76 / 77Т6 and automated systems 97Л6 Vlastrain-TP) are optimized for intercepting targets moving at speeds up to 25200 km / h / XNXXX with). All elements of the Triumphant-M divisions will interface with the multifunctional Sky-M RLC, the only stations capable of detecting ballistic missiles in the initial part of the trajectory from a distance of 7 km.
3. An important part of maintaining the decent anti-missile qualities of our aerospace forces during the final stages of the Triumphant-M SAM system should be acceleration of the adoption rate of the promising anti-aircraft C-350 (50Р6А) anti-missile systems with simultaneous intensification of the large-scale XNHXXXXXXXXA rocket production XNXXXXA. of them. The complex possesses outstanding qualities in the implementation of both all-round air and missile defense against unobtrusive tactical aviation and massed rocket and air strikes by anti-radar missiles and other WTO (including OTBR), as well as sector-wide anti-missile defense plans of which include such objects , like: tactical fighter / EW F / A-9G “Growler” fighter / aircraft, small-size maneuvering combat units in the “cloud” of fake targets, Fighter X-Numx generation F-96A and F-2A, etc.
Main advantages Thanks to ARGSN of the 350М8Е12 missiles, the complex has the possibility of hitting low-level over-horizon VTS with the use of additional targeting means, but one question about Vityaz remains open. For self-defeat of the KR, the 50H6 antenna post must be equipped with a universal tower of the 9В96М type, but in official sources nothing is said about such a point in the tactical-technical task; Meanwhile, a similar tower is needed for the Vityaz, like water and air.
As you can see, before the launch of the Triumfator-M complex on combat duty, our ground-based VKS can form a very worthy anti-missile “umbrella”, which is largely due to the promising version of the C-300B4 air defense system and the 9М82MV air defense system. But issues related to the lack of a series of 9М96Е2 antimissiles for completing the С-400, as well as the slow refinement of the Vityaz C-350 complex, can not but cause serious concern in the circles of knowledgeable amateurs of domestic military equipment.
Information sources:
http://forum.militaryparitet.com/viewtopic.php?id=12933
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-593.html
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-373.html
Information