About Mauser ... with love. "Karl Gustav" - the traditional Swedish quality (part three)

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It is clear that the company of the Mauser brothers could not stay away from "armory racing ”and already in 1889 created a model of a rifle called the“ Belgian Mauser of the 1889 model ”, which was the first development of their company for a new, recently created small-caliber cartridge with smokeless powder. But in Germany itself, however, this rifle did not like. But in the same year it entered the arsenal of the Belgian army, then in Turkey (in 1890), and then in Argentina (1891), in very similar modifications to each other.

About Mauser ... with love. "Karl Gustav" - the traditional Swedish quality (part three)

Boers with rifles Mauser sample 1895 of the year.



In Belgium, rifles began to be produced at the private enterprise Fabrique Nationale Herstal (FN), which was originally built specifically for the production of these rifles, and the state arms factory Manufacture D'Armes De L Etat (MAE). When Belgium was occupied by the Germans during the First World War, they were also produced by Hopkins & Allen in the United States by order of the Belgian government in exile, and they were also made in England at a factory in Birmingham, where ... refugees from Belgium worked!


Rifle and carbine M1889

Rifles for Turkey and Argentina were produced in Germany, with the factories of Ludwig Löwe and DWM fulfilling the order for Argentina, and the Mauser brothers' enterprise for Turkey. The rifle "Argentine-style" were in service with many Latin American countries, such as Colombia, Peru and Ecuador.


Carabiner model M1889. Pay attention to the well-marked barrel casing and the specific shape of the store.


One of the patents of Paul Mauser with one of the options for single-row store. May 1889

The reason was a good cartridge. The fact is that the Argentine general, who considered the Prussian military training system to be the best in the world (because of which the Argentines sent their cadets to study in German military institutions), worked very closely with the Germans in the field of weapons production. And the result of this collaboration was precisely the appearance in the 1891 year of the cartridge 7,65 × 53 mm Argentino and, accordingly, the Argentine Mauser rifles 1891 and 1909 developed for it.


Here about the Argentine Mauser, the M1891 has it all ... The question is how to read and translate ... And, of course, it would be nice to also hold it in your hands!

High combat qualities led to its widespread use in America, so firms such as Remington and Winchester took up the release of these patrons. CIP cartridge: 7,65 × 53 Arg. - such was its official name, had a sleeve with an annular groove and without rim, with a bullet with a diameter of 7,91 mm and energy in 3651 J. By its ballistic characteristics it turned out to be close to the British patron .303, considered one of the best.


Another patent for the store. June 1893 g. On it the store has a slightly different shape.

Interestingly, when in 1950 - 1960's. The 7,62 × 51 NATO cartridge was adopted for armament; the old cartridge continued to be used in Argentina in the reserve units of its army. Right up until the beginning of the Second World 7,65 × 53 Arg. experts considered him a good chuck for hunting any North American game, except perhaps a brown bear. Moreover, the production of this cartridge continues today, that is 125 years!


And this is a Swedish-Norwegian 6,5x55 mm rifle cartridge. At the time of its appearance, it was the smallest caliber cartridge in Europe. True, the same caliber and had an Italian rifle cartridge. But they appeared almost simultaneously, so it is difficult to determine the primacy in this case. In Norway, a Krag-Jorgensen rifle was created under it, which was already described at the HE. But they did in Norway. The Swedes did not break the head, but simply ordered a rifle to the firm "Mauser". “There would be a good cartridge, and a rifle could be found under it!”


Cartridge 6,5x55 mm was produced for a very long time, until the second half of the twentieth century. In the photo there is a clip with cartridges with pointed bullets of the 1976 release of the year.

The 1889 model's rifle was also a weapon that had a manual reload using a butterfly valve with two radially spaced fighting lugs in front of it. The ejector hook was mounted on the bolt and rotated with it, and the reflector was in the receiver. The rifle was fitted with a box store of the James Lee system, with a single-row arrangement of cartridges and spring-loaded bend jaws that held them in the store when the shutter was open.


Carabin M1894 chambered for 6,5x55 mm. Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm.

Equipment was carried out from above, through a special window inside the receiver, when the shutter was opened, and either one cartridge each, or with the help of penta-charge plate clips. The store could be separated from the rifle for repair, cleaning or replacement. The magazine latch was in the front of the trigger guard, and the fuse was on the back of the gate. The Belgian Mauser model 1889 of the year, as well as carbines made on its basis, had tubular protective covers on the trunks. But the Turkish and Argentine Mauser models of this system did not have such a casing on the trunks, but they had a wooden barrel pad to protect the hands of the shooter from contact with the hot barrel. In 1936, part of the Belgian Mauser was converted into short rifles, called the M1889 / 36, and the casing was removed from the barrel on them. Rifle box of a traditional design. All Mauser rifles of the 1889, 1890 and 1891 models and also individual variants of carbines based on them were equipped with several types of bayonets.


Rifle М1896 g. Chambered for 6,5x55 mm. Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm.

The barrel had a traditional length equal to 740 mm with four grooves, cutting pitch 240 mm and right turn. The barrel was inside an enlarged tube, like the 88 rifle, which was done in order to protect the shooter’s hands from burns, although this design not only weakens the shank, but is also more bulky. The sight and front sight were mounted on the casing, therefore it was more difficult to upgrade such a rifle than the usual one, with a barrel without a casing. The sight was framed with divisions at a distance of 2000 m. A bayonet with a length of 250 mm and a weight of 365 g should be adjacent to the barrel only when necessary, and so it was worn in a sheath at the waist. The length as that of the Gewehr 88 sample - 1240 mm. The weight is the same - 3800. The lodge is made of walnut wood, and it also contains a light semi-composite; with English neck. The front swivel was mounted on the first ring on the bed; rear swivel swivel: it could easily be transferred under the butt (if the rifle is carried on the belt) or under the magazine box, when the belt needs to be folded under the forearm.


But this is the carbine of the “Karl Gustav” company of the 1914 model of the year, that is, the same 1894 mouser of the year, but only produced in Sweden under license.


Well marked stigma.

In 1894, the Mauser brothers created a magazine rifle (patented by them in 1893), which was also adopted by several countries and modified in 1895. It was their first rifle with a magazine that did not stand for the dimensions of the box, and the staggered arrangement of cartridges. After charging, there was no need to discard the clip, since it was pushed out by a closed shutter. It was not only convenient, but also definitely saved time. The rifle of the 1894 model of the year was made for export to Brazil and Sweden, and the carbine in the same 1894 year entered service with the armies of Spain and Chile.

Interestingly, many rifles of the firm Mauser brothers, supplied abroad, were designed under the cartridge 7 × 57 mm, which became in Germany the representative of the first generation of new rifle cartridges for smokeless powder. It used the sleeve from the cartridge 7,92 × 57 mm, but the caliber of the bullet itself was reduced to 7 mm (actually 7,2 mm). At the same time, its weight was about 9. The cartridge was developed in Germany by the 1892 year, but it was not accepted for service, although in other countries it was very popular for a long time.


The Swedish quality is immediately evident: all the details of the shutter are very well made and nickel-plated. A very large cutout for fingers on the slide frame facilitates loading from the clip. On a safety lock ribbing is provided. Trifle, but nice! It is a pity that there is no lug on the sighting frame.

The 1895 model 7 × 57 mm rifles were supplied to Mexico, Chile, Uruguay, China, Iran and the two Boer republics: the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State, where not so much rifles as many 1894 carbines of the year were in great demand, as more comfortable for riders, which most of the Boers were.


Look, there is a stigma even on the feeder, which, by the way, is made in the form of one wide plate. Its device is such that after the last cartridge is used up, the shutter cannot be closed. That is, it is necessary to insert into it or cartridges, or press the feeder down with your finger. Convenient for the user!


At the gate is very long and powerful spring extractor lever.


The extractor's tooth (here it is clearly visible) covered the neck of the liner almost one quarter of its diameter, which ensured efficient extraction.


Shop cover.

In the famous novel by French writer Louis Bussenar “Captain Sorvi-golov” (1901), describing the events of the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902, Mauser rifles are mentioned repeatedly, and it is obvious that we are talking about the 1895 model of the year .


Front swivel head and ramrod head.


Fly, muzzle (for some reason, threaded at the end?) And ramrod.

Finally, in 1896, the company developed a rifle chambered for 6,5 × 55 mm for export to Sweden, where it later became known under the unofficial name “Swedish Mauser”. These rifles were first shipped to Sweden from Germany. But then they began to be made under a license in the country at the enterprise “Karl Gustav” (the plant in Eskilstuna was called.) The rifle had a length of 1260 mm, a barrel - 740 mm, without cartridges it weighed 3,97 kg and had a traditional five-cartridge magazine.

This rifle was made in Sweden from 1894 to 1944 year. In addition to the M96, the improved M38 rifle, the M41 sniper and the M94 carbine are known. In service with the army of Sweden, these samples were more than eighty years. A sniper version of the Swedish Mauser - M41 was completely removed from service only in the 1978 year, but later it was also met ...



Personal impressions.
In fact, "Carl Gustav" (carbine) is ... a Mauser with an English straight lodge and a straight, rather than a reload knob bent down, located in the middle part of the bolt. That is, the model precedes the well-known Gewehr 98. A purely subjective bed in the area of ​​holding it with her left hand seemed too "plump." Perhaps that is why the recesses are made on the sides. That is, I personally would like more comfort in holding the carbine in this particular place, although it is possible that a person with large palm dimensions will not even notice it! The Karl Gustav is being reloaded in the same way as the Mosinka (and the rifle and the carbine), that is, with a separation from the shoulder, which is really not very convenient. But it is possible to grip it in the center of gravity, since the store does not protrude from the lodge. In general, again, if I were offered to choose between our carbine and the “Swede”, I would have to think. The caliber is smaller - there are more cartridges, the shooting distance is about the same, which means that the accuracy is also recharged that the other is in the same way. The question of reliability remains, but judging by the reliability of Mauser rifles proper, it was quite large. So I would probably choose the “Swede” after all. It was obviously more convenient to carry in his hands, and the return was weaker !!!

To be continued ...
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37 comments
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  1. +6
    24 January 2017 15: 52
    Great article about great weapons, I look forward to continuing.
    1. +2
      24 January 2017 22: 05
      Quote: sub307
      Great article about great weapons, I look forward to continuing.

      I can’t judge about weapons, I didn’t shoot ...
      Impressed by a photo of the Boers.
      With all their appearance they are respected.
  2. +6
    24 January 2017 15: 56
    I will move a little away from the topic of the article (she already has a "plus" for the next review):
    A bayonet-cleaver with a length of 250 mm and a weight of 365 g should be attached to the trunk only if necessary, and so it was worn in a sheath on the belt.

    I do not understand a little why ours with the "three-line" to the stop held on to the fact that the bayonet must be put on the rifle without fail. And it was necessary to fire from it with a bayonet on. For balance? As far as I understand, when in modern films about the war they show Red Army soldiers with rifles without bayonets - is it wrong, and do not give bayonets to the crowd for reasons of injury prevention?
    1. +6
      24 January 2017 16: 28
      Exactly! Artists are not soldiers! They are not accustomed to handling weapons and can easily shut you with a bayonet in the eye! In any case, in the First World War (and before) rifles even shot with bayonets and, having removed it, you would risk not getting anywhere! The tetrahedral bayonet is very dangerous in that it causes severe internal bleeding ...
      1. +2
        24 January 2017 16: 34
        This is also described by Kuprin as a fallen asleep on a night march stumbles upon a bayonet in front of a marching one.
        The tetrahedral bayonet is very dangerous in that it causes severe internal bleeding ...

        but functional only in an adjoined state. And abroad, rifles with bayonets were also targeted, or are we the only ones such "originals" that they shot the "three-line" even after 1930 with it?
        1. +6
          24 January 2017 18: 10
          I don't know about everyone. But ... the British ("Death of a Hero", Richard Aldington) did not remove the bayonets, so they even pinned them to the place of attachment. That means they were shooting with them. But this does not mean that they were shooting with a bayonet. The Germans always had their bayonets removed. And put on before the attack. The English should have it too (but not, as you can see, if you refer to the novel). Before the attack, they gave a command: "Infantry attack! Bayonets join!" That is, according to the charter, rifles with bayonets were not supposed to be worn. I have not studied this question, so I will not give an exact answer. It is necessary to look at the instructions in English, German, French, Belgian. etc. I will try to write to one of the British museums of the regiments, maybe there will be help. But this is not a day or two. First, you need to find a museum. Then write. I'll write right now ... I'll write something quickly. But when will the answer come and will it come?
          1. Cat
            +4
            24 January 2017 19: 26
            According to the grandfather, who participated in the preparation of the divisions of the Moscow militia in 1941, rifles were shot with an attached bayonet. Only in 1942 in the trench war, the Red Army began to shoot rifles without a bayonet. Since mid-1943, this practice was transferred to training units and only with the advent of the carbine of the 1944 model became universal. He especially noted that sniper rifles shot without a bayonet, as did the carbbins in the cavalry.
          2. +3
            24 January 2017 20: 07
            Will definitely come. The British love it when they are interested in their story ...
            And our needle bayonet, for causing wounds that could not be treated, was, it seems, banned by some kind of international convention ... In my Vienna ....
            1. +3
              24 January 2017 21: 05
              An interesting thing you wrote about a bayonet ... I need to find out, although I don't know how yet. Alas, I was never interested in bayonets and there are no friends who would have them in collections. But I will keep in mind that the topic is interesting. About the British. Yes, you are right, they love it and generally react positively to the word "help", but there has already been a case when I was not answered by the society of effigy lovers. Most likely it fell apart. And the museum of the regiment ... there is often a guide and director. Who make money and ... know nothing! This happens all the time in England!
              1. AUL
                +2
                24 January 2017 22: 21
                On my SCS 1949 release was an integral needle bayonet. I remember, taking the oath, I got into operation and when turning with a bayonet I deranul my neighbor - not in blood, but the uniform broke a little. belay
            2. +4
              25 January 2017 04: 31
              They didn’t forbid it to be forbidden .... but there really were a lot of cries around it .... Probably because most of the wars with our participation ended in the victory of the Russian weapon, and the winners are not judged ...
              1. +3
                25 January 2017 08: 41
                absolutely right. The emnip was not banned, but they just whined a lot about the inhumanity of wounds from the bayonet, plus I wanted to give it more functionality ala cleaver. I saw German digging turned to normal severity even by fascists, as households are quite acceptable to ourselves.
          3. +4
            25 January 2017 08: 39
            Thank you for your participation! hi Let me digress a little more from the Mauser theme: the Japanese probably also shot their Arisaki with a bayonet? In general, wherever it was possible not to waste cartridges, they worked with bayonets (especially when killing locals and prisoners) - apparently, the genetic memory of the spear-yari. Shirokorad writes that the Japanese division had 15 rifles in the 10 men - some of the soldiers were armed only with bayonets (AB Shirokorad, "The Far East Final"). That is, in terms of the number of personal edged weapons, they were probably the champions in WWII.
            1. +4
              25 January 2017 10: 14
              You should be careful about compilations of Shirokorada. This information about the soldiers with bayonets walks on the Internet and literature authors like Shirokorada. Without the necessary explanation, people think that a third of the Japanese division went into battle with one bayonet. Just the machine gunner was also given a bayonet. And to all the others, regardless of whether or not there was a rifle, a bayonet was issued. In general, the structure and number of Japanese divisions is a separate issue.
              1. +3
                25 January 2017 10: 39
                Victor, I am very careful with Shirokorad. For example, in the book I have indicated, several chapters are devoted to the description of the Soviet coastal defense of the Pacific coast, and the actual military operations are very small in volume from the book. About your phrase about bayonets - of course, armed only with bayonets they didn’t go on the attack with them, but, most likely, these were the calculations of guns, soldiers of the rear services, riding, etc., that is, those who do not go on the attack. Yours faithfully, hi
    2. +2
      25 January 2017 03: 06
      three lines were several species. the infantry were the longest and here they are, if I am not confused, they could not without bayonet at certain distances. she was pulled by the shot. somewhere I read this. and the cavalry was less. she could have no bayonet. just such a model was taken as the main one in the USSR. but the warehouses had different options. and the article is interesting. hi
      1. +3
        25 January 2017 08: 24
        yes, in 1930, the dragoon "version" was taken as a sample of a single rifle for the Red Army. But, if I'm not mistaken, she was also targeting with a bayonet. Bayonets did not rely on carbines at all - also some incomprehensible measure.
        only with the advent of the carbine of the sample of 1944 became widespread.

        this is a valuable comment by Vladislav hi The carbine of the sample 1944 had a fixed folding needle bayonet.
        1. Cat
          +2
          25 January 2017 21: 20
          Which when shooting a rifle was in the stowed position. Unlike the infantry and dragoon versions of the Mosin rifle!
  3. +4
    24 January 2017 16: 10
    It seems to me that already in the models of the early 90s, the differences between the shutter and the m98 are already minimal. All the most famous attributes are already present.
    Of course, he gave a lot and a successful x57 cartridge even now 6 are produced on this base; 6,5; 7; 8; and 9mm hunting cartridges.
    Live saw a Mauser with three interchangeable trunks for this group. Very convenient, change only the trunk ...
    Thank you, Vyacheslav, as I was not interested in intermediate models.
  4. +5
    24 January 2017 16: 18
    "M1894 carbine chambered for 6,5x55 mm. Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm" - this is what Major McNabbs was armed with in the film "In Search of Captain Grant" !!!
    It remains to find out what the Talcavian was armed with .................
    1. +6
      24 January 2017 16: 29
      He also had a Purdey-Moor carbine ... And a year ... 186 ... 30 years earlier!
      1. +3
        24 January 2017 16: 37
        I am up to your knowledge ... But they look similar in the frame!
      2. +2
        24 January 2017 16: 40
        The internet objects ...
        -from Mauser playing the role of a hunting carbine "Purday-Moore and Dixon" (from the book). Winchesters 1866 and 1894 the adventurer Raimundo Skorsa and the Indians ...-
        1. +7
          24 January 2017 18: 02
          Unfortunately I did not see this film, I remember the book. I have a very old edition, almost 52 of the year with drawings by a French artist ... (climb on the mezzanine) and there Talkawa ... a shotgun with a very long barrel. The British supplied the Indians in Canada with such rifles and demanded as many beaver skins as from bottom to top. How could this get to Talcava ... But this is again a drawing. So, alas, it is impossible to determine this. Most likely, something flint ... or capsule, but hardly a modern rifle. Although ... who knows ... suddenly knocked down some white and got hold ... to make it more modern!
          1. +3
            24 January 2017 23: 02
            To be honest, the existence of such a carbine ("Purdey-Moor and Dixon") raises very big doubts, since its name is made up of the names of three independent and very well-known arms companies.
            J. Purdey & Sons Limited is a famous English company. Among the hunters there is probably no person who would not hear about the guns of James Purdey (James Purdey). In Russian literature, you can find different versions of the Russian spelling of the surname: Perdey, Purdey, Perde. Obviously, the most correct phonetic transcription is Purdy.
            No less famous at the time was the English company Moore (Moor), its successor was James Woodward and Son, London).
            Well, the famous Scottish John Dickson & Son, also exists to this day. I can hardly imagine the joint work of these three companies, especially since among the manufacturers of hunting weapons such associations are generally unknown.
            Therefore, the name of the carbine in the book is an invention of the author.
            As for the weapons directly in the film - according to the characteristic form of the fuse, I am inclined to Mauser 1893 of the year.
            1. +1
              25 January 2017 10: 28
              Here it is, in fact, it turns out. But I am not an expert on hunting rifles from the word at all. Although there is a gun, TOZ-18 was produced in 1954 - I am "the same age". But to have and to know are, alas, two different things. But Jules Verne was a famous ... dreamer, often wrote not quite what was in reality. And why, a novel?
              1. +2
                25 January 2017 13: 08
                TOZ - 18 - not earlier than 1956 of the year.
                1. +1
                  25 January 2017 17: 40
                  It may well be that they just always told me that we are the same age ...
  5. +3
    24 January 2017 19: 57
    Thanks to the author, the article is excellent and easy to read.
  6. +5
    24 January 2017 22: 53
    The thread at the end of the rifle barrel is possible for a screw-on nozzle through which the barrel is cleaned with a ramrod. The nozzle performed a protective function and did not allow the ramrod to damage the barrel of the weapon. But not a fact, but only an assumption ...
  7. +3
    25 January 2017 00: 07
    Muzzle cut.


    If you collect it will be so.

    1. +3
      25 January 2017 00: 25
      Not exactly, but it seems. Fly protection.
      1. +3
        25 January 2017 00: 29
        "Here about the" Argentine Mauser "M1891 has it all."
        Vyacheslav Olegovich, this is the "Service Manual", in other words - the instruction manual. Written, as a rule, in dry, official language, it contains the minimum necessary information for a soldier.
        1. +1
          25 January 2017 10: 22
          So I don’t know the language! How to rate?
          1. +2
            25 January 2017 12: 55
            And you take the instruction for the three-ruler of General Ridiger. They are about the same time. I think, and in content are close. Appreciate the style of the century before last.

    2. +5
      25 January 2017 08: 33


      The picture disappears for some reason.
      1. +1
        25 January 2017 10: 22
        Interesting! I didn’t know this ...
  8. The comment was deleted.

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