Where can the road of memory and repentance lead us?
However, some events in our country, especially in recent times, make us think and ask the question: are we going that way? Especially since the question seems to be forced by actions of “our” people. According to the passport, at least.
There are a lot of words and letters, so I’ll just ask you to be patient and read with me the results to which the processes I have voiced can lead.
I'll start with Butov.
Anyone can quite easily find on the Internet a bunch of links on the topic of “Russian Golgotha”. I also got acquainted.
The first (and the second too) impression: someone once laid out the material, which is now all copied, absolutely without going into details. But essentially the same thing everywhere.
"According to official data only, from August 1937 to October 1938, 20 765 people were shot here."
Meanwhile, it is official sources, including even on the website devoted to Butov, suggest that for ALL the period from 1935 to 1953. 27 508 people were sentenced to capital punishment in Moscow and the Moscow Region.
The original source is clearly one: the Butovo Polygon series of books. The memory book for victims of political repression 1937-1938. A series - because the book had several reprints.
If you omit the already familiar Internet “jaundice”, which tells that people were being shot from 200 to 500 per day, then there are still a lot of questions.
Especially when you start to read the "testimony" of "NKVD employees." Any and all about. the commandant ”(the commandant of which is not indicated anywhere), the drivers of the NKVD motor depot and other“ witnesses and eyewitnesses ”.
The commandant says that the execution team consisted of a 3-4 person. Imputed and verifiable figure. The driver claims that in the days of mass executions a special squad of 12 people was involved. Well, the driver knows best, believe it. Although on many sites of “truth-seekers”, the figure of a 4 person still sounds more often.
Applying a calculator, you get terrible numbers. It turns out that these were not ordinary people, they were some kind of cyborg! From 50-ti a day - how was it supposed to work? Many of those discussing wrote that nothing was impossible for the NKVD, which means that they could get hold of machine guns and PPD / PPSh. And yet, after the machine gun or machine gun was required what? That's right, control shot.
In general, descriptions of how people were shot in the Lubyanka and other places are more than enough. From people who for some reason believe more than “chauffeurs” and “commandants”, pushing the reader to the idea that certain monsters mowed down people with machine guns.
I do not argue, there were executions. And this is in any case a tragedy that needs to be known. But you need to know the truth, and not invented by someone history.
Isn't this what the "debunkers of myths" advocate about Panfilov's heroes and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya?
I am also "for" with both hands. Therefore, we go further.
So, “to whom it is profitable” to replicate the tale of “Russian Calvary”?
The first, of course, is Mr. Garkavy, Director of the Memorial Scientific and Educational Center "Butovo". For the more attention, the more money. To the credit of Garkavy, he does not hide it.
"To begin with, we had to stop the construction of a microdistrict of several multi-storey buildings here in Drozhzhino ... it was decided to preserve this place as a historical monument ... a project of improvement and landscaping of the monument "Butovo landfill" is ready ... it will be necessary decide on the financing of works on improvement.
This question is put before the joint board of the government of Moscow and the Moscow region. If we talk about what we could really do now with the availability of funds, we could seriously proceed to the improvement of the territory ... Requires money for repairs, and in fact the restoration of the surviving manor outbuilding. We assumed in this building to organize a museum.
Funds required и for our archival work, current workbecause we need and consumables and appliancesand at least some salaries to people... The deeper we are working on this project, the more problems arise so far. And mostly purely domestic. It is necessary to solve the question of communications: first of all electricity. We must keep the gas, everything must be changed."
In general, there are plenty of plans, so "we need more gold." Mr. Garkavy to perpetuate the memory of the innocent victims. Especially, probably, in terms of salaries.
In itself, the idea of perpetuating memory is noble and beautiful. And the people who do it are worthy of all respect and reverence. But that is why I said so somewhat sarcastically to Mr. Garkavy, it will become clear a little later.
But “the process is underway,” Butovo was pulled out of the hands of Luzhkov, who was going to build another neighborhood there (I think that this is not so bad), at the very least, they are working on the memorial. Even Putin was somehow brought to worship.
But Garkavoi’s appetite is growing.
"20 thousandth the list is considered incomplete, they say that hundreds of thousands were shot here"- says Igor Garkavy".
And the crowds of volunteer helpers-accusers begin, like a flock of parrots, to shout that hundreds of thousands of people were shot in Butovo.
At this rate, apparently, over 5-10, it will already be about millions of years ...
Strange, but I am surprised by another. On the outskirts of Moscow (even if in those years Butovo was a hoo what kind of outskirts) such mass executions took place, and until recently nothing was heard about them. Even in the time of Khrushchev, when everything connected with Stalin was plentifully pulled out into the light of day and poured ... And not one of the most overlooked documentation that somehow confirms the existence of a certain "special object" in Butovo. Okay, secrecy creation orders to "I can not." It happens. But at least the waybill from the "driver" could be preserved?
Nothing. Nothing at all.
On the other hand, in the Central Archive of the FSB there is such a fund number 7, which stores acts on the enforcement of sentences. The NKVD was not a sharashkin office, and it was thanks to this fact and proper accountability that the details of the deaths of many people became known. Including, and unfairly convicted.
A group of researchers led by Oleg Borisovich Mozokhin in 1993, studies were made in this fund. Naturally, among the documents declassified by Decree of the President of Russia No. 658 of 23.06.1992 of the Year.
But even the declassified documents were enough to make conclusions that in 1921-1928. burials of victims of repression were carried out on the territory of the Yauza hospital, from 1926 to 1936. - at Vagankovsky cemetery, and from 1935 to 1953. - partially burial, partially cremation of the executed was carried out in the Moscow crematorium at Donskoy cemetery.
There were clear instructions to the commandants of the cemeteries (yes, the cemeteries of that time were part of the NKVD system), plans of action and dates. For each fact of burial or cremation there was a memo in which it was required to bury a certain number of people with a list of names. Usually - from 10 to 20 per day.
About Butovo there - not a word. Despite the fact that the documents in the fund number 7, you know, for fifty years of analysis.
But the existence of the archive and the fact that Mozokhin worked there is not in doubt. At least on his personal site, he continues to lay out the documents, which only confirms all that has been said.
However, many people who advocate exposing everything and everyone refer to a very interesting fact. Say, a certain "public group" under the leadership of a certain M. Mindlin, discovered in 1991, perhaps ... I’ll probably go back to quoting again.
"... at the end of 1991, unknown previously unrecognized 18 volumes of cases with prescriptions and acts on the execution of 20675 executions of people in the period from 8 in August 1937 to 19 in October 1938 of the year were found in the archives of the Moscow Office of the Moscow Office ..."
"And only at the end of 1991 of the year in the archives of the Moscow Office of MB unknown and unregistered materials were found. More precisely - 18 volumes of cases with instructions and acts on execution of executions of executions of 20 675 people from August 1937 to October 1938 of the year ... One of the "veterans" of the NKVD, whose name the powerful department did not want to open, certified their signatures and confirmed the presence of "special objects" "In Butovo and in" Kommunarka "".
That's how it is! Mozokhin, acting on the orders of the president, did not find him in 1993, and Mindlin, in 1991, just took a “social group”, went to some kind of “archive of the Moscow Office of the MB” and found 18 volumes there.
And who is this wonder search engine Mindlin?
Mikhail Borisovich Mindlin (b. Moscow, 2 March, March 1956) - Russian art historian, director of the Rublev Museum, an expert in the field of modern art and architecture. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Arts (2012), member of the Public Council of the Russian Jewish Congress.
Oops ... Specialist in the field of modern art and architecture ... Sometimes, newcomers are lucky. But for some reason, the belief that an art worker could rummage in the archives so easily that year decreases catastrophically quickly. Not those times after all, not those ...
I have been looking for a very long time where I can at least approximately get acquainted with these documents. Still, it was believed that they are. And that's what I found.
The same book “Butovo Polygon. 1937-1938 Book of memory of victims of political repression.
Published in Moscow, Institute of Experimental Sociology. 1997. Issue 1. 364 with.
3100 references to those shot and buried at the Butovo firing range during the 07.08.1937-19.10.1938 period. The material is in general alphabetical order.
Information content: last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, place of birth, nationality, social origin, partisanship, education, place of residence (address), date of arrest, condemning body, date of conviction, charge, date of execution, date of rehabilitation.
Believe it? And I believe.
Moving on.
“Butovo polygon. 1937-1938 Book of memory of victims of political repression.
Moscow, publishing house "Panorama". 1998. Issue 2. 362 with.
About 2300 certificates on people shot and buried at the Butovo training ground during the 07.08.1937-19.10.1938 period and about 370 certificates on Dmitlag prisoners who were shot in 1937-38. The material is in general alphabetical order.
Information content: last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, place of birth, nationality, social origin, partisanship, education, place of residence (address), date of arrest, condemning body, date of conviction, charge, date of execution, date of rehabilitation.
For the prisoners of Dmitlag, in addition: what work he did in prison, the sentence of the first conviction, arrest and conviction in the camp.
Believe it? And I believe. Great job.
Next was the 4 release from Alzo.
No. 3. 1999 d. 360 with. About 2250 references of the same content and 400 references to prisoners Dmitlag.
No. 4. 2000 d. 364 with. About 2250 certificates for people shot and buried at the Butovo training ground during the 07.08.1937-19.10.1938 period and about 400 certificates for Dmitlag prisoners.
No. 5. 2001. 362 with. About 2700 references.
No. 6. 2002. Issue 6. 322 with. 1176 Help
Do not believe the work done is simply impossible. But here is what lurks between these releases, and what many “debunkers” refer to.
A martyrologist shot and buried at the site of the NKVD "Object Butovo" 08.08.1937-19.10.1938. Moscow-Butovo. Zachatievsky monastery. 1997. 421 with.
20765 references to those shot and buried in Butovo during the 08.08.1937-19.10.1938 period. The material is in general alphabetical order. A separate list presents the clergymen who were shot in Butovo. Contents of the certificate: last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, place of birth, date of execution.
Apparently, here they are, these 18 volumes? Alas ... These lists are also online. But not in the form of photocopies or scans. A simple list, recruited in the "Word". And no references to real documents. Although there are links. True, for a change, not on “and. about. the commandant ”or“ NKVD driver ”refers to the words of anonymous“ local residents ”and a certain“ Employee of the Center for Public Relations of the FSB, in the past, deputy head of the Rehabilitation Group, Colonel of the FSB ”M.Ye. Kirillin.
For fidelity, apparently, in order to pin down precisely, interviews of this “colonel” are published somewhere else. He told in colors (?) How almost round-the-clock executions were carried out.
The fact that there is no such gentleman, I am sure. It is enough to read the nonsense that he writes. Here's how, for example:
http://karta.psmb.ru/karta/articlesingle/rasskaz-polkovnika-fsb-m-e-kirillina-ob-obnaruzhenii-m/.
It is rather funny that the colonel of the FSB is quoted either in a sect, or do not understand where. But significant.
That's all the "proofs". Was there a boy?
In general, it seems that in 1997, some "archaeological research" was carried out. Opened one of the burial ditches. And they found horror:
“... on the total square of 12 square meters. meters found burial in five layers; experts counted the remains of 149 people here. A great work on the detection of ditches was carried out in the summer of 2002. Experts have identified and mapped 13 funeral ditches. But the studies are not completed, many questions have not yet been answered. "
On already extinct sites, the original figure was 49. Someone later dranoved edinichku, but it looks frivolous.
so what's the problem? There are questions - you need to answer them! Enough already refer to the words of unknown, nameless and frankly fictional "witnesses." And on the “unaccounted for (this is in the NKVD!) Archives.” Moreover, as I understood, nobody saw these “volumes” in the eyes except Mindlin and his public assistants. Very secret. Although it is possible that these volumes are simply the work of this group. Nakolotili on the keyboard. Who will understand there?
After all, indeed, if there were burials of those shot, it is necessary to open the ditches, conduct an exhumation, examination, organize a funeral service and reburial. As it is done year after year, search engines with our fallen soldiers.
Alive - a worthy cause, dead - a worthy rest.
But for some reason I have not found such plans anywhere. Although even if the money question, throw a cry on search engines, will respond, I'm sure. Moreover, it is a pro in such matters.
And Mr. Garkavy? Look above: "... you need to keep electricity, you need to drive gas, you have to rebuild everything ..."
What comes out, like this, on the bones, immediately, a museum and a memorial complex, right? Original ...
Thirteen moats, “to the top filled with dead people", will remain so? How is it? Strange, well, very strange. Somehow not at all in our language ...
"The Butovo polygon is one of the largest in Europe places of mass executions and burials of victims of political repression."
Yeah, already have that.
The evidence base in the form of remains (those 49 or 149, too, was not shown anywhere) with bullet marks, no documents. But the complex must be, for it is simply necessary to repent.
The foolishness bears from all this and the ideas of Dr. Goebbels. Too much frank fiction and inconsistencies. Today, in the access of cars, evidence that the sentences were carried out in basements and courtyards of prisons, and the corpses were taken to the nearest cemetery. I admit that Butovo could be such a place. But there is still a difference between the cemetery and the place of mass executions. Or not?
In any case, whatever it is, you first need to make excavations and examination. And only then to build temples (Alexy II laid, yes), museums and memorials. But it still comes out strange, excursions, walking on the bones. Moat moats, but who said that everything is exactly there?
And when there will be official results of the examination, with traces of bullet holes, carbon analysis of the remains, cartridge cases for checking the weapons from which the shots were fired - that's when it is worth talking about something serious.
Not sure if there were Germans in 1941 there, maybe not, but they could have approached. Podolskaya line of fortifications took place in those places, and the fighting could be. And if they were there, then all the more you should not discount this version. As well as in the 90-x, on the site of the former NKVD base, one of the Moscow organized criminal groups could easily organize their personal cemetery.
Expertise is needed first. And for some reason, this is precisely what Butov's memory figures do not plan. But they demand money and repentance, poking everyone in their faces with a pile of paper with a list of last names. Which, by the way (list) could, if necessary, be obtained from the passport office. There, yes, name, date of birth, place of birth, date of death. Without details.
Maybe? Full
What are the conclusions here?
And not very happy. Somehow, everything is wrong, dear, in our state. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya feat did not commit. There were no Panfilov heroes (numbering several thousand). And in general with the heroes we are rather weak, all the heroes were shot by the decree of Stalin and Beria by the chief executioners of the NKVD. And therefore we need to repent as much as possible and don’t know what else to do, because otherwise we don’t draw upon civilized people.
If this were an isolated case, it would be easier. But the farther we go into the future, the more willing to correct the past, is not it? Why are we today simply obliged (and, thank the Russian consciousness, this responsibility and responsibility) to prove the heroism of thousands of our most worthy citizens from the 17-year-old boy from Irkutsk, who died in his first battle under Borodino to the marshals? And why are we so strongly obliged to indiscriminately believe and worship a bundle of paper with names and surnames unknown to be written by anyone?
Not so it should be. Not at all.
Unjustly blamed and executed by our fellow citizens, we, normal people, will bow down, wish, and provide the land with down and eternal memory. If these people really were. It is worthy of every Russian person.
And with joy and sadness at the same time. I myself observed this year when I was present at the burial of a hundred and fifty unknown Soviet soldiers killed in the Hungarian prisoner of war camp. More joy, from the fact that these fighters were found and reburied as it should be. With a prayer and a triple volley.
But to arrange a memorial on the bones, if they are there, and even based on the elementary desire to earn extra money on this, as Mr. Garkavy tries to do, forgive it, somehow not in Russian.
Well, they do not want us to go there with this repentance.
Afterword. Unfortunately, the volume turned out to be somewhat more than expected. Because the second part, devoted to the same topic, but with other actors, I will do a little later. It is worth it, I think.
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