Thesis on evacuation during the Great Patriotic War. Children and ... prisoners

We read the dissertation of V. Solovyov further, and this is what we find there:

“The motto“ All the best for children ”, born during the lifetime of VI Lenin, became the law of the Communist Party’s activities, and constitutes one of its main software installations, the party’s tireless struggle to preserve and consolidate peace, disarmament is a clear manifestation of concern for the younger generation In the period of the Great Patriotic War, which required the involvement of all forces and means for the defense of the country, the problem of protecting life, health, training, educating evacuees became particularly important, reorganizing the life of society for military In other words, the Central Committee of the Higher School of Education / W / pointed out: "However, we are not absorbed in the war, taking care of the children and raising them remains one of our main tasks."

Senior group of one of the Leningrad boarding schools in evacuation, 1944 year.

The party has outlined and implemented a program to save thousands of children from enemy aggression, the party organs created the necessary conditions for the life and study of children at the places where evacuated children's institutions are located. By the end of 1942, 976 relocated orphanages with more than 107 thousands of students were located in the rear areas. This event, unprecedented in scale and organization, became possible thanks to the advantages of the socialist economic system, in which the broad working masses, under the leadership of the Communist Party, take direct part in the affairs of the country. ”

On 9 October 1941, 6327 children arrived in the Penza Region from Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Smolensk, and Orel regions. In an organized manner, 10 orphanages, 3 boarding schools, 3 detskombinat, 12 kindergartens, 13 children's homes (the author’s count according to PAPO F.148. 1.D.774, L.NUMX.) Arrived. Kuibyshev region adopted 12 children. There were 690 children in children's homes in the oblast, 1077 evacuated children in kindergartens and sanatoriums (PACO - VO).

In the Penza region, children from besieged Leningrad were placed in a pine forest in Akhuny, in summer cottages and on the White Lake, where fresh, healthy air is also very beautiful.

In the second wave of evacuation, 5475 children arrived in the Kuibyshev region, to accommodate which 36 orphanages were created. In 1943, the kids kept on coming. 1190 children arrived in Kuibyshev, Penza 790 children, in Ulyanovsk in May 1943 there were 14 evacuated children's homes and one boarding school for 345 children. And by 1944, the region adopted the 3642 child (PACO. F. 8. Op.1. D.7.L.13).

It should be noted that by the end of the war in the USSR there were about 6 thousand orphanages or 4340 more than October 1 1940 of the year.

In the second half of 1941, 13,6 million was allocated for orphanages in the Kuibyshev region, and 42 million in 20,1. In 43, 10,5 million was spent on the creation of new orphanages. In Penza, the cost of feeding one pupil was 3 rubles 60 kop per day. The daily ration included: 400-500 g of bread, 50 g of meat, 30 g of butter and other products.

There was a shortage of shoes and warm clothing, since the evacuation was carried out in the summer and early autumn. OK MIC (b) of the Penza region for evacuated children prepared 3000 pairs of boots, 8000 pairs of boots and 3000 coats.

Among evacuated children there were cases of scabies, scurvy, dystrophy, but thanks to the efforts of health workers, the children recovered. 80% of Leningrad children gained weight from 4 to 6 kg, and 13% from 6 to 10 kg, and therefore could be included in the feasible physical work. In general, in the RSFSR orphanage, grain seeds were sown for sowing in the area of ​​3262 ha, vegetable - 706 ha, as well as 3750 cows and many other animals - pigs, sheep, goats, rabbits, chickens, ducks, geese (TSGAOR USSR. F.R. -5462.O.20. D.73.L.19).

Each child care unit was assigned a plot of arable land in 6-7 ha, hayfields - 3-5 ha, which made it possible to live on 3-5 self-sustainment months of the year! In the Kuibyshev region, the Chelna-Vershinsky orphanage No. 1944 was recognized as one of the best in 53, in which there were 17 hectares under crops, there were 3 horses, 4 cows, 3 pigs, 10 bee colonies.

Factory workers usually patronized one or two children's homes and collective farms and military units also acted as chefs. For example, a local military unit has prepared 150 cubic meters of firewood for an orphanage in Stavropol who arrived from Leningrad. Plant №503 manufactured tableware. Factory them. Tinyakova - two pairs of bed linen.

On a nationwide scale, on 15 on April 1942, about one and a half million items and 1387431 rubles were collected for evacuated children.
Adoption of children who lost their parents was carried out. By 15, April 1943 in the Kuibyshev region was established custody of 1119 children, patronage of 1688, 464 child was adopted. In Ulyanovsk, the 1591 child was patronized, 956 was taken into custody, 140 children were adopted. In the Penza region 2165 was adopted by children. According to the RSFSR in 1942-43. 13922 was adopted by the child, 74658 was under patronage, and 29358 of children were under patronage (TsGAOR USSR. F.R.- 5462.Opt.31. D.71. L.5).

Separately the chef work was conducted by Komsomol members. For example, Komsomol members of the GPZ-4 donated 6 toys to the children of the Timashevsk orphanage for thousands of rubles, made dishes and furniture.

Interestingly, 77,4% of directors of orphanages were members of the Komsomol and candidates for party members.
“In orphanages and schools, in the framework of patriotic education, stories about the life and work of V.I. Lenin, about communist heroes, Komsomol members, pioneers. Exhibitions on the themes: “Heroes of the Great Patriotic War”, “Leningrad will survive and win”, “Help to the front” became widespread. An effective means of fostering patriotism was correspondence with front-line soldiers, which had a beneficial effect on schooling and discipline. Letters were read aloud at the training camp, they were protected as relics.

“The party demanded that school material be associated with life, events of war, teachers of the Russian language use newspaper and magazine articles, writers' works about war for exercises. The themes of the creative works reflected the feats of the Soviet people at the front and in the rear, in the lessons stories attention was focused on the heroic past of our people, its centuries-old struggle with foreign invaders.

A prominent place in the educational process was held by aesthetic education. In the majority of evacuated children's institutions, there were drama and choir groups, and concerts of artistic activity were held regularly. Labor education was rebuilt under the leadership of the party's organs. Children were involved in rendering feasible assistance to the national economy, labor education became more focused, and had practical results. ”

Children from the orphanage №1 from Penza collected 9364 rubles for the construction of the fighter "For a happy childhood." In the 30 workshops of the Kuibyshev region, the orphanage workers worked, sewed linen, shot down the ammunition boxes. ”

Well, but further on V. Solovyov’s thesis, as it turned out, needs serious additions, which at that time it was simply impossible to do, but it is possible now. When we lived in the neighboring rooms of the KSU University dormitory, I obviously did not know this, it did not even occur to me that the subject of evacuation of prisoners could also be the object of study. But besides children, workers and ... the same livestock, it turned out that prisoners who had been kept in prisons were subject to evacuation, who also had to be brought to the East! And this, too, was an important task of the party and government, and the Communists were also engaged in this.

Only from the prisons of Ukraine had to be evacuated to the rear of 34200 prisoners, for whom 1308 cars were needed, at the rate of 50 – 60 people in one car. But it was possible to single out only 300 cars, and place no more than 14000 prisoners in them. In total, in the very first months of the war, from the places of imprisonment in the European part of the USSR, it was necessary to send ... an entire army of 750 thousands of people, which caused their monstrous concentration on the transit points. Therefore, in 1941 - 1942. in the cells of the transfer prisons per prisoner accounted for less than one square meter. And since there were not enough cars, they were transported on foot, under the supervision of a composition of local prisons. It is clear that such an “evacuation” for prisoners was associated with incalculable disasters and very often represented a road to nowhere, regardless of the punishment to which they were to be subjected by a court decision.

The number of militarized rifle guards of the camps and colonies before the start of the war was 134480 people, of whom 130794 was directly involved in guarding the prison contingent and 3686 were involved in the protection of various structures of national economic importance.

To replenish the number of these units, by order of the NKVD of the USSR from 11 March 1941, No. 0127 created additional points in a number of eastern regions to recruit guards to prisons and camps, and at the same time the reservation for conscription to the Red Army was removed from a significant amount of prison and camp guards. As a result, 64763 of a person additionally joined its structure, i.e. 54% of its pre-war number. In many camps and colonies, this figure was almost 90%. At least 15, thousands of shooters and commanders of the militarized guards of the camps and colonies, in particular from the Karelian-Finnish, as well as the Ukrainian and Belarusian SSR, entered the field units of the Red Army in the first days of the war.

As for the former servicemen of the Red Army, who were held captive or surrounded by the territory occupied by the enemy, special camps were created for them by the Decision of the T-bills No. 1066 from December 27 of the year Special Camps, later called verification-filtration. And ... this contingent, as the German troops approached, was also evacuated to the east!

In this case, the prisoners happened to be massively destroyed. Here, for example, only one extract from the memorandum of the military prosecutor of the Vitebsk garrison on the results of the defense check in the garrison from 5 July 1941: "... Yesterday I arrested and tried the military tribunal [former] prison director of the Glubeksky district of the Vileyka region, now the head of the Vitebsk prison, a sergeant of state security, a member of the CPSU (b) [Priemyshev], who was taken out of the Glutek prison in Vitebsk on June 24 convicts and investigative prisoners. On the way, the head of the prison shot the 916 at two times man, and in a place near Ulla during the raid of the plane [the enemy], he ordered the escort, which was 55 man, to shoot the others. In these illegal shootings, he himself took part with a revolver in his hand, explaining his actions [by] that the alleged prisoners they wanted to escape and shouted: “Long live Hitler!” According to [Priimyshev] the statement ... the 67 convicts were shot. We personally found out that among these prisoners more than 714 people were under investigation, and in some cases they were not charged at all. for they were on special checking "(CAMD USSR. F. 500. Op. 208. D. 2524. L. 2-8). Yes, this was also the case, and that is how people who were not guilty of anything died. Just ... they did not have time to check, and destroyed as potential traitors.

Actually the entire document is here - http://allin777.livejournal.com/286200.html - and it should be read very carefully, there is so much very sad information there. So it was too. Then, justifying one big goal, some people sacrificed the lives of other people, completely to the crimes not involved. They ... "just not lucky," but it is impossible to count them today, to separate the "grain from the chaff," alas.
By the way, the Germans entered Vitebsk on July 11 ...

To be continued ...

Comments

[Cat]

Dry lines of research work, and the heart aches to tears .....
In my head, the words of the classic are still rutting: "Children are our everything!".
Yours faithfully! Your cat.

[Amurets]

Quote: Kotischa

Dry lines of research work, and the heart aches to tears .....
In my head, the words of the classic are still rutting: "Children are our everything!".
Yours faithfully! Your cat.

I agree with you completely, but I want to add the following. Now a howl will rise: as Rezun is quoted here, but it was from him that I read how the commander of the Far Eastern Front, General Apanasenko, found a way to restore the number of armies of the Far Eastern Front, forming divisions under the same numbers, instead of those sent to the West, near Moscow, and in 1942 near Stalingrad. And the divisions were recruited, from the guards of the camps and prisoners who were imprisoned for petty crimes, as well as older people who were not subject to conscription .. The most interesting thing is that with this he misled both the Japanese and the Germans. German intelligence asked to clarify where these military units are. The Japanese reported that there were no changes after checking. I have not read about this anywhere else, but some books indirectly confirm this, including Golovin, the author of the book "Tyl-Front". Although I was a kid when he told us guys about the war with Japan in 1945, his stories are still well remembered, so figuratively he told.

[kalibr]

You, dear, write something wrong. There is not a single link to Rezun’s books. All materials - numbered orders of the NKVD of the USSR and notes attached to them. Then the data of the VO archive, and the data posted on the Network, which is especially convenient. But they are all easily verified without resorting to his books. Well, and if he refers to these documents, then ... well done, he’s doing the right thing.

[Amurets]

Quote: kalibr

But they are all easily verified without resorting to his books. Well, and if he refers to these documents, then ... well done, he’s doing the right thing.

So you did not understand my thought. I wrote that in return for the divisions sent to Moscow Region, on how units were formed in the Far East to replace the sent ones, this is off topic, but for the first time I read about it from Rezun. For some reason, this topic was hushed up. And Rezun has nothing to do with your work, you just came across memories when you wrote about the fate of prisoners and arrestees in the western regions of the country, and I wrote about what was happening in the east of the country at the same time.

[kalibr]

I'm sorry, I did not get it. Hurried to work and did not read. I did not know this moment. But if so there is a very skillful management of information flows. I’ll insert your example into my lecture.

[Cat]

In historiography, this process is usually called permanent mobilization, when the process of forming new subdivisions occurs continuously. Isaev wrote about him quite well "10 Myths of the Great Patriotic War", if I am not mistaken.
At one time, my grandfather participated in the training and education of personnel from the beginning of the divisions of the people's militia, and then military specialists. According to him, the process was of an in-line nature of training simultaneously in several specialties: deversants, snipers, signalmen. But with all the fine tuning of the mechanism, the training had an incomplete nature until 1943. Especially in his stories, he drew attention to the rotation of personnel and the expansion of the number of training centers (perhaps this only concerned the centers of the NKVD troops). He managed to take part in the deportation of the Volga Germans, Crimean Tatars, fought with gangs in the Ukrainian SSR, the BSSR and Poland. He often recalled that, in order to preserve secrecy, they raised the alarm, put him in teplushki with boarded up windows and sent echelons to the place of operation. For example, in the Crimea, according to his stories, several NKVD divisions took part in which were collected in a week from all over the USSR. When the territory of the USSR was liberated, new centers and schools appeared like mushrooms, mobilization was carried out in the interests of the Red Army, and all this without interruption.
He did not mention the participation in the hostilities of the prisoners. He fundamentally distinguished himself from the NKVD convoy troops. But he recalled that at the beginning of November 1941, about twenty people "punks from 12 to 15 years old" from the bombed-out echelon of the colony of juvenile criminals pulled out of the bombed-out echelon of the colony of juvenile criminals to the location of the DNO where they were engaged in combat training: the soldier whose fighter was picked up in the forest, his comrade and deputy head of the colony! The guys were fed and handed over to the local police department. Three days later, five hooligans escaped from the police and joined the platoon to which they went. No one raised a hand to drive them away. A week later, the DNO commissioner brought a certificate and the guys were put on rations. At the end of November, the division received junior and middle command personnel, weapons and went to the front.
In the 90s, I especially tortured my grandfather about penal battalions and detachments. He always brushed it off, perhaps sincerely did not understand what I mean. He gave examples that the NKVD company always had fewer machine guns than the front company. Although he went through the whole war with PPD. He was convinced that no one would put machine guns in the line, all the more to reveal himself with his own fire. Although he said more than once that the Germans repeatedly broke through the defense lines and went out to destroyer battalions and NKVD troops. He talked about patrolling and protecting the rear of the army, when he and his comrades ran into deserters, saboteurs and bandits. But that the penal companies and battalions were guarded laughed. He said why, they were given a second chance for the crimes that were shot and there were no fools to lose him. He sneered that some there managed to become full holders of the Order of Glory for six months. I quote his words: "I drank a letekha hit, performed a feat, returned, washed the return, hit it again, blew up the pillbox, returned and so on in a circle ...".
Another story was in liberated areas. Many residents, according to him, gave slack, showed cowardice and otherwise. Almost all of them went to the commissariats and after the check went volunteers to the front.

[kalibr]

You tell unique things. It’s a pity that your grandfather did not write memoirs. He didn’t write, right? Because it is an inside look and without special embellishment, since there is nothing special to embellish. It’s a pity, it’s a pity that we lose such information forever.

[Cat]

Thanks for the kind words.
I myself d..k, and without quotes. They told me in the face, sit down and write, this is your dissertation. And I thought he was eternal. Somewhere in a hurry in a hurry. And he could choose the time to sit and talk. And now it's late.
Awareness of loss comes with age. It is my lesson and my duty to listen and listen to everyone. If possible, help.

[kalibr]

Yes, that's why I didn't rewrite anything, but took it as it was in the text. I only had to cut it down to the most basic, because in the dissertation about 50 pages were allotted to the issue of leadership of evacuated children. Well, to throw out all the praises addressed to the party. There are more than 30% of them in the text. What can you do, then it was customary ... to lick the fillet "the main guiding force of Soviet society." But the work itself did not get any worse from this.

[Baursak]

Rezun is quoted here, but it was from him that I read how General Apanasenko, the commander of the Far Eastern Front, found a way to restore the number of armies of the Far East Front by forming divisions under the same numbers, instead of being sent to the West, under Moscow, and in 1942 under Stalingrad.

Rezun himself took this from the dissident general P.G. Grigorenko. from the book "Only rats can be found underground". Interesting reading, highly recommend.

[Amurets]

Quote: Baursak

Rezun himself took this from the dissident general P.G. Grigorenko. from the book "Only rats can be found underground"

Maybe. I will not argue. But what and how happened at that time, parts of the Far East Front were also told by those who defended the Far East in 1939-1945. At the enterprise where I came after the army in 1971, there were six people in our brigade, including two who had previous convictions in the past, before the war, one for a fight, the second I don’t remember why, it seems like a waste.

[Andrey Zh]

Rezun -: a traitor and! ... If he had caught me in the streets of London - he would have shot like a mad dog !!!

[kalibr]

Andrew, think about it. Gov ... oh, it’s also r ... but, but ... valuable fertilizer. Now you want to shoot him and ... what is the benefit of this? Betrayed and betrayed. Won Zoe Cosmodemyan who betrayed? Her squad mate! Meanwhile, Rezun has enormous benefits - at least award him the Order of Merit for the Fatherland. And you know which one? His books aroused an unprecedented interest of ordinary citizens in Russian history. This is noted by ALL SOCIOLOGISTS AND HISTORIANS. It was not possible to do this before, but here - ra-a-z and kvass. And what is more useful? Millions read books on their own, analyzing the facts that come to their CONCLUSIONS and some one traitor. God be with him! He will be rewarded!

[erased]

During the war, children were cared for more than now. There’s how many abandoned children they don’t give a damn about. Or, on the contrary, do not give a damn, but a very great interest, especially in child prostitution and organ transplantation.
And according to the prisoners. Yes, they did not always plant according to the law, there were excesses. But compared with the lawlessness that was going on from the beginning of the 90s to this day, the justice system in the USSR was still relatively fair and honest.

[Mikado]

I am always cool about new films, where the main characters are prisoners in the Red Army, and their heroic deeds are shown against the background of the rest of the "senseless herd" of fighters (well, there, "The Last Armored Train", for example). As practice shows, almost all the criminals who were left on the territory occupied by the Germans immediately went to the Germans for service.
There is a legend, it was even voiced by Shnurov (the same one) in some historical program about the blockade, where he was the leader, and he did well. In our Volosovsky district of the Leningrad region, there is the village of Illeshi, and the legend says that it was protected from the Germans in the first battle by prisoners along with guards. How true it is - I think this is a lie, now I rummaged in the internet, only a couple of links to dubious articles.
And I agree about the children - nevertheless, the party did a great job.

[Mrs_Kiska]

Hello! My great-grandfather was there at the beginning of the war and wrote about this in a letter. The prisoners walked to Leningrad from the place of detention (somewhere on the border with Estonia), in particular, the aforementioned Ileshes passed. So they had to fight off the Germans with shovels, they didn’t give weapons.

[Mikado]

I found only one mention of this in the literature. Plus, there was a historical film with Shnurov (yes, the same swindler who superbly conducts such cycles!), There was also a mention of this. And your comment .. Thank you!

[kalibr]

By the way, how much? Figures of street children and a source of information. It's so easy to say - say nothing. There is a children's creativity center next to me. My granddaughter went to it ... "how to start walking." I was in the clay molding circle - free of charge, dancing - free (cost for costumes, but only for especially original numbers, as well as a wardrobe), in Russian folk songs - costumes from the studio. Boys - in dance, costumes from the studio. The music school paid, but paid "for music" and in Soviet times, music lessons were not free. The school has a lot of circles, and all are free.

[Cat]

I will try to find how many requests during the war years were received at the passport offices of the USSR about the search for lost imperfect children by parents and close relatives. The numbers are scary.

[kalibr]

Look for it. Maybe we have time to insert in the following material ...

[kalibr]

Quote: Mikado

"The last armored train"

This is generally something. I recommend it to students as an example of the most incompetent and disgusting war film. Where the director's incompetence simply cries out ... But now they are filming. True, we are now having "American Film Week". They watch Charlie Chaplin's Big City Lights, Stagecoach (1939). The River Does Not Flow Backward (1954), The Officer and the Gentleman (1982), The Beauty of Memphis, Mel Gibson's Apocalypse and How to Become a Princess (1 and 2). They draw conclusions, look at what target audiences this or that film is directed at, how these target audiences serve, in a word, the entire cultural aspect. Our films of the 30s have already been watched and were very surprised at them ...

[Mikado]

yes, it is definitely something. The fashion is that "shoot a loud (I would even say scandalous) movie about the war and get money." But I, by the way, did not like the "Battle for Sevastopol" either. With all due respect to historical heroes, the title of the film does not correspond to the material, the battle itself is not shown from the word "absolutely". That is, here is also an example of a "target audience", when, under patriotic feelings and "Krymnash", you can shoot a film with a loud title, but .. "Something different" (I am silent about Bondarchuk and Mikhalkov). The sniper in the film is, the battle is not. And about your students - then, in the 30s, the audience was different, and life was different, and the people, perhaps, were "simpler". True, the artists in the 30s were not like today's "serial mugs" (who wander from series to series about cops and bandits, and you don't even need to know the names of these "talents" - you just switch channels, when you come across, so as not to watch this abomination), for me personally, films of the thirties are a pleasure.

[kalibr]

By the way, many people liked them too, but "action is not enough". We were surprised that in the movie "Hot Days" the helmets of tankers "are not at all like that" and everyone is scared to smoke, that in "Hearts of Four" the girl is wearing a modern top, and in "Sea Hawk" there are very funny models in the aquarium. The film "At the Distant Outpost" and "Treasure Island" were considered very good from the point of view of propaganda. And the conclusion - and morally all were ready for war. You will see enough of such films and ... go ahead!

[Mikado]

They made the right conclusion, therefore, the blow in 41 had a strong moral impact on the troops. They prepared "with little blood on someone else's territory", but it turned out ... But everyone was preparing for the war (even the philosophizing French), and, as far as I understand, everyone was using "shapkozakidatelstvo" in propaganda.
When you watch "Hearts of Four", tell us about the moral aspect of the release of this film, it was filmed in 41, and was released in 45, after the Victory, and the uniform is old. This is also somewhat related to the presentation of the "right material at the right time", that is, to your work.

[voyaka uh]

The problem is that the Nazis, on the other hand, had propaganda directors
even cooler like Leni Riefenstahl .
There, in 5 minutes I want to march and shout "heil"

[Cat]

By the way, within the framework of moral and psychological education in 2012-2014, he had the tradition of watching before November 4 with the film an old silent film by Ezenstein "Battleship Potemkin". The incredible happened to the audience, the film completely destroyed stereotypes and cliches. Grown-ups with brainwashed TV and the Internet believed the film, which will soon be a hundred years old at lunchtime. The task was simple to unite the team. Prove that together they are strong. True, in 2015 the tradition died, someone leaked me to the management, for which I was torn up "like a garbage cat." But to my surprise in the part of the subdivisions, the tradition "did not die", but went underground.

[Mikado]

Was the cat tattered "like a garbage cat"? (sorry for the humor, good friend!)
During this uprising, alcohol also played a role - the uprising occurred at the time the wine was dispensed to the crew. Want to rally the team again - roll out a couple of liters and go for it
In the 75th year, there was an "uprising" at the "Watchdog" ship. It seems that before the seizure of power on the ship, the rebellious political commander Sablin also played this film to the personnel. That is, as you rightly said, the great Soviet art knows how to unite!
all a good evening!

[Cat]

Two different points: educational or educational? The educational process in the university is one thing, the formation of the moral and psychological climate in the unit is completely different. The same differences when organizing additional vocational training. A student, a cadet is a "sponge" motivated by a test or an examination for studies.
MPP and DPO is the work of the opposite with mature and self-sufficient adults. You can lead them into the state of a subject ready for training with a stick or a carrot. But you can't use a whip, but you can't. Therefore, there remains a third option, to unbalance them, make them lose their basis, break traditional thinking. To achieve that they could not calculate the situation. When a person is unsure, he looks for an opportunity to pool his resources to solve a problem. After watching the film, during the discussion, let them themselves, but together, draw conclusions. Believe me, I haven’t heard the conclusion "to go take the Winter Palace by storm" in three years. Basically, the results of the discussion are sensible and balanced, but they no longer sound from the individual, from the collective. Which is what I wanted. And the movie? The film is a fetish, in other words a symbol of the group's unity.
Unfortunately, my leadership perceived the situation as you did, "a call to rebellion against your loved ones!"
For you Mikado!
Moreover, the option of drinking alcohol in my memory has also been implemented.
In 2011, on advanced training in Moscow, teachers and methodologists of educational departments, where I got by accident (I was late in service, was caught by the deputy head and was sent for promotion, with words there is nowhere to retreat behind Moscow) with the money of the deputy head. PMT was closed.
Travelers sent me a translation.
So, in essence, on Saturday, during the second week of preparation, the girls of the group began to "whine" on a couple that it would be nice to let them go early. Grandfather the professor did not understand, but maybe on the contrary he understood what they wanted from him. He went to the department and brought a briefcase with two bottles of cognac and a shot to the group. He personally put them in front of us, made us pour out the cognac. He said a toast, made sure everyone drank to the bottom, collected the shots and continued with a couple.
Let me remind you that there were "Cerberus from educational departments" in the audience! Before the couple, these were individuals who happened to be in the classroom, after the couple, it was a "gang". Soldered by an act to "incomplete service compliance" minimum.

[kalibr]

What nonsense. It was necessary to raise, develop, show old films. I say I have "jellies" 17-18 years old with pleasure watching "Hot days", "Fourth periscope", "Heavenly slug", "At six o'clock in the evening after the war", "Waterloo Bridge", "Big Walk", "George from Dinky-jazz "and many others. They say it is instructive. And the film "The Last Inch" simply delighted a group of PR people - "what are the methods of psychological influence." “I even cried!” One girl admitted. And all this must be used ... One of these days the whole class of my granddaughter is preparing to go to the "28 Panfilovites" - it will be very interesting to know the opinion of her and her classmates.

[Cat]

Before the "battleship", in order to make the audience react, he tried to show "Alexander Nevsky", "Only old men go to battle", "The dawns here are quiet." Emotionally and psychologically, 50% of those who were present began to sleep, they simply calculated the situation that November, a holiday, "the day of national unity", etc. It worked better with the "White Sun of the Desert", but the result is slightly different.
Still, a silent movie is a different attitude to events on the screen, all the more the very "failure" to the canvas makes people think, turn on and analyze.
In April last year, we watched with groups of excerpts from the film "Ordinary Fascism" the effect of a bomb during parsing adult aunts under 40 were roaring like girls. But when in May we invited the veteran of the Great Patriotic War in the hall there was deathly silence and the realization of the feat that their generation did for you and me.

[kalibr]

Is that bad? There is a certain need and a person who needs something. But he is NOT SPECIALIST. He just once becomes a specialist. In another place there are specialists and everything that he needs. Question - how to combine? A person has no money to pay to specialists and is not provided for in the budget. That is, he intuitively reaches what the specialist knows initially. It’s good that there are such people. It is bad that they are not able to use the services of specialists.

[Andrey Zh]

I haven’t heard the expression “slop cat” - but “perch drenched” more than once! Now I know.

[midshipman]

Horrible materials and data. I have the honor.

[Mikado]

yes, the war brought a lot of grief. You must have heard that in 41, a barge No. 725 with evacuated people sank during a storm in Ladoga, more than 1000 people died, only 240 were saved. Also, the case of evacuation ..
Will there be a new article from you?

[kalibr]

It will, of course. Solovyov’s dissertation is large ... Although there are only two chapters and the volume is 258 p. True, the text itself is 190. The rest is a list of references and links to sources. I have to work a lot ...

[Hapfri]

Children from orphanage No. 1 from Penza raised 9364 rubles for the construction of a fighter “For a happy childhood”

To take money from children is generally disgusting. Moreover, airplanes can still not be built more than the maximum possible number. And it's not about the money

[kalibr]

Well, what can you say - Penza residents have also raised money for the Penza Komsomolets tank and the Penza Pioneer torpedo boat. This is all an emotional blow to consciousness. You do good, you are good, you are a patriot, you are praised, you and me ... all together. That's all good, right? And at the same time it is the exploitation of the best qualities of a person in whole specific groups. Then there is something to remember, then you are also continued ... and then you realize that you will not receive housing by 2000, just as you did not receive free travel in 1980 and that's it ... the 91st comes ...

[Hapfri]

You do good, you are good, you are a patriot, you are praised

That is yes. If for educational purposes, then it is possible. Propaganda is also a good move. I agree.

[Hapfri]

At the same time, prisoners happened to be massively destroyed.

This is instead of getting them to the front in penal battles.

[kalibr]

Here again, how to look. Imagine the psychology of a convoy leader who is afraid of everything. In total, there may be even fewer Germans than their own. And what should he do? Better to shoot these "enemies" than drag them somewhere. And I thought they would be praised - they shouted "Long live Hitler!" - to come up with something like that you have to be a rare moron. But it turned out ... on the contrary! So think about how to be - over or under!

[Hapfri]

Imagine the psychology of the chief of a convoy who is afraid of everything

This is the trouble. We had such bosses. Not all of course, but they were. The system could not work differently.
For example, superiors require activity, but the situation does not have an offensive. So the commander has to advance, knowing the result in advance.
The war will write everything off