Su-30 multipurpose fighter. Production, supply and operation

37
One of the main points of the current state arms program is the construction of new combat aircraft for the aerospace forces and aviation naval fleet. Over the past few years, the armed forces have already managed to get a large number of aircraft of various types and modifications. In the foreseeable future, the supply of such equipment will continue, which will save and increase the combat potential of aviation. Domestic industry builds and supplies the army with various types of aircraft. A special place in the range of manufactured aircraft is now occupied by the Su-30SM multirole fighter.

The multipurpose fighter of the 4 + Su-30CM generation is a further development of the original Su-30, which gained great popularity in the international market of armaments and equipment. Unlike some other modifications of the family, Su-30CM was developed taking into account the requirements of the Russian armed forces. The first flight of an experienced Su-30CM made 2012 of the year in the fall. Soon, the Irkutsk Aviation Plant, which is part of the Irkut Corporation, launched mass production of such equipment. Aircraft of the new type were produced in the interests of the military air / aerospace forces, as well as for naval aviation.




Su-30SM at Latakia airfield, Syria. Photo of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation


It is noteworthy that the Su-30CM already claim to be the title of at least one of the most popular fighters in the Russian Aerospace Forces. So, in June of this year, representatives of the Irkut Corporation said that by that time domestic customers had received more than 60 machines of this type. Over the next two years it is planned to build and transfer to the armed forces another 55 aircraft. From the 116 built by that time, the 88 fighter jets will serve in the Aerospace Forces, the 26 in the Navy. After the fulfillment of existing and planned orders, the appearance of new contracts for the construction and supply of fighters is possible.

Until the end of 2018, the Russian armed forces will receive 116 fighters like Su-30CM, which will make this technology one of the leaders in terms of numbers. Moreover, if we take into account not models, but aircraft modifications, then the new Su-30CM has every chance of becoming a full-fledged leader in terms of quantity. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the positive consequences expected from the massive supply of such equipment are not related to its quantity, but to its characteristics and capabilities.

To date, the number of serial Su-30CM exceeded six dozen. At the same time, the number of aircraft built and lifted into the air is constantly growing. So, on November 15, the first flights of two serial fighters took place in Irkutsk. It is interesting that, unlike some other serial "brothers", the new aircraft went on the first flight, having received all the necessary coloring. This feature of the machines makes it possible to predict the places of their future service, and the future belonging of one of the fighters can be determined with one hundred percent accuracy.


Su-30SM board number "70 blue" during its first flight, 15 November 2016. Photo by CAS / Forums.airforce.ru


One of the newest Su-30CM received a modern color of the domestic armed forces with gray upper surfaces and a blue bottom. By car were applied identification marks of naval aviation. The aircraft has already been assigned the tail number "70 blue". The serial number of the machine is 10MK5 1406. Coloring and identification marks clearly indicate that the newest fighter will go to serve in one of the fleet air bases. However, accurate data on future machine operators are not yet available, although certain assumptions are being made.

The well-known blog BMPD suggests that the Su-30CM “70 Blue” will replenish the fleet of vehicles of the 72-th aviation base of the Baltic Fleet aviation (Chernyakhovsk airfield). Currently, the squadron of this base is armed with Su-24M strike aircraft and Su-24MR reconnaissance aircraft. The transfer of the airbase of a new multi-role fighter can be the first step in re-equipping the squadron, with subsequent transfer to a new technique. However, the transfer of the aircraft 72-th base may be delayed due to some problems.

According to BMPD, the issue of transferring fighters to an air base has not yet been resolved, which is why the 10 th center for combat use and retraining of flight personnel of naval aviation (Yeisk) can become the first operator of the 5MK1406 859 machine. In this case, the 859 Center will become the temporary owner of the fighter. The transfer of the aircraft 72 th air base will occur only after the complete solution of all existing issues and the final approval of plans to re-equip its squadrons.


Fighter № "37 blue", intended for the group "Russian Knights". Photo KAS / Forums.airforce.ru


The aircraft with the tail number "70 Blue" is one of the X-NUMX Su-28CM fighters ordered for naval aviation. Within the four contracts executed with 30 of the year, the industry has already built 2014 fighters. 11 machines were handed over to the customer and now serve as part of the 9-th separate naval attack aviation regiment of the Black Sea Fleet (Saki, Crimea). One more Su-43CM with serial number 30МК10 5 and onboard "1403 blue", as well as with the name "Irkutsk" is planned to be sent to the same Crimean airfield by the end of this year. Until the end of this decade, naval aviation will have to receive more 45 fighters, including an aircraft that first took off several days ago.

Also 15 November in Irkutsk, the first flight of the Su-30CM fighter with the serial number 10МК5 1407 and the onboard "37 blue" took place. The characteristic color of this board leaves no doubt about the future owners of the car. The colors of the Russian flag and stylized Air Force flags on the keels clearly indicate that this multipurpose fighter will soon be handed over to the Russian Vityaz aerobatic team, which is part of the 237-th Center for displaying aviation equipment of the Russian Air Force. I. N. Kozhedub. It should be noted that the "37 blue" is not the first aircraft of its type for the aerobatic team. He, apparently, will enter the second batch of equipment for her.


Solemn ceremony of the transfer of new equipment "Russian Vityaz", October 14 2016. Photo by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation


Until recently, the pilots of the “Russian Knights” group flew several Su-27 fighter jets. This technique has high characteristics, but the planes available to the group were built in the early nineties, because of which they were physically outdated and required replacement. A few years ago it was decided to move the aerobatic team to a new technique. The newest Su-30CM fighters were chosen as future workhorses.

According to reports, the "Russian Knights" were able to get acquainted with new aircraft in 2013 year. The pilots appreciated the new technique and compared it with the existing machines of old models. Products of the Irkutsk Aviation Plant was highly appreciated. In addition, the pilots from Kubinka wanted to start the operation of such equipment. In 2014, the command of the armed forces took into account the wishes of the pilots and confirmed the future re-equipment of the aerobatic team. Soon began the process of retraining pilots on new equipment.

The first Su-30CM in a characteristic tricolor color were transferred to the "Russian Knights" a little more than a month ago. On October 14, four fighters of the first batch with numbers from “30 blue” to “33 blue” arrived at the Kubinka airfield. A solemn ceremony was devoted to the transfer of the first aircraft of the new type, in which Colonel-General Colonel-General Viktor Bondarev, Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Flight Command Force, Oleg Pankov, Chief Designer of the Fighter, and Oleg Demchenko, President of the Irkut Corporation, took part.


A new aircraft for the aerobatic team is landing in Kubinka. Photo of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation


A few days ago, domestic media reported the start of the procedure for accepting a second batch of fighters destined for the Russian Knights group. Within a few days, the specialists of the manufacturer and representatives of the customer had to study the state of the equipment, check the operation of its systems and conduct various tests. Further, it was planned to conduct several test flights. After completion of the required checks, the aircraft will have to go to Kubinka, to the place of permanent deployment. Judging by the numbers of the already transferred vehicles, the 37 Blue fighter, which took off for the first time on November 15, will become part of the second batch of aircraft.

After the completion of ongoing inspections and delivery of a new batch of equipment at the airfield in Kubinka, eight Su-30CM aircraft will be based with the inscriptions "Russian Knights" on board. The delivery of eight new fighters will significantly upgrade the material part of the flight team, and also affect its capabilities accordingly. A number of characteristic features of the new multi-purpose fighters allows us to hope for the appearance of new elements and pilotage figures in the “Russian Knights” program.

The renewal of the fleet of aerobatic equipment is an important event, but the main goal of the program for the construction of new fighters is still the re-equipment of combat units. To date, the VKS and the Navy have received more than six dozen Su-30CM, which have already been mastered by personnel and are actively used for their intended purpose. Pilots of various aviation formations perform various combat training tasks, including those associated with special loads and even records. One of these challenging workouts took place on November 16.


The first batch of Su-30SM for "Russian Knights". Photo of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation


The press service of the Eastern Military District reports on the conduct of regular training, in which the crews of one of the fighter regiments were involved. During this event, several crews of Su-30CM fighters completed the flight with the maximum allowable range and duration. Each crew spent more than 3,5 hours in the air. The number of fighters involved in the training was not specified, but it is reported that in total all the crews covered the distance of about 45 thousand kilometers.

In order to improve and improve the skills of the personnel, mixed crews consisting of experienced and young pilots were involved in the training. Working together, pilots with different experiences received a good opportunity to improve their skills in the long-term control of the aircraft and learn to fly to the maximum range. Due to the large length of the routes, the personnel were able to work out the management of fighters in different weather conditions, over different terrain landscapes and at different locations of alternate aerodromes.

In parallel with the operation of the new aviation technology and the improvement of the skills of the personnel, the transfer of multi-purpose fighters to the combat units continues. The last procedure for the transfer of serial Su-30CM to the Aerospace Forces took place a few weeks ago. At the end of October, the 31 th fighter aviation regiment of the 1 th mixed aviation division of the 4 th army of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Southern Military District (Millerovo, Rostov Region) received two fighters with 29 Red and 30 Red onboard numbers. Interestingly, these aircraft were completed and lifted into the air in the spring, becoming the first Su-30CM 2016 year of release.


Su-30SM "29 Red" decreases from Irkutsk to Millerovo, October 19 2016. Photo by Ivan-stalich.livejournal.com


From October 2015 to February 2016, the 31 th Fighter Aviation Regiment managed to receive two dozen Su-30CM fighters (01-12, 21-28 numbers, red). With two new cars, the number of new equipment reached 22 units. Apparently, in the next few months, the Miller pilots will receive two new fighters, after which the acquisition of the regiment with aircraft will be completed.

Being one of the newest developments in the family of aviation technology based on the Su-27 fighter, the new Su-30CM differs from its predecessors in a mass of innovations that have a positive effect on its capabilities. For example, one of the main features of this machine is the use of AL-31FP turbojet engines up to 12500 kgf, equipped with a rotating nozzle. Such a power plant can give the aircraft high flight characteristics, as well as increase maneuverability by changing the thrust vector.

Su-30CM is equipped with a modern set of on-board radio-electronic equipment, characterized by high performance. The basis of the fighter's avionics is a multipurpose radar with a phased antenna array H011 "Bars". This product is able to monitor the situation in the air and on the ground, searching, detecting and tracking various objects. Multiple targets may be fired simultaneously.


Su-30CM fighter in Syria. Photo of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation


The nomenclature of weapons of a multi-purpose fighter includes various aviation controls, guided and unguided bombs and missiles of various types. The composition of the weapon is selected in accordance with the objectives of the combat departure. There are 12 pylons under the wing and fuselage to accommodate the outboard armament. Also, the fighter has a built-in 30-mm gun.

Due to its high performance and corresponding combat capabilities, the Su-30CM multi-role fighter can rightfully be considered one of the best domestic aircraft of its class. As confirmation of this thesis, we can consider the existence of several contracts for the supply of such equipment already concluded by the Ministry of Defense. To date, the Russian armed forces in the face of naval aviation and aerospace forces have received several dozen aircraft, and over the next years the number of such equipment should increase significantly. In this situation, the Su-30CM really has all the chances to become the most massive fighter of the Russian military aviation, making a significant contribution to strengthening the country's defense capability.


On the materials of the sites:
http://mil.ru/
http://kret.com/
http://ria.ru/
http://izvestia.ru/
http://aex.ru/
http://nvo.ng.ru/
https://riafan.ru/
http://forums.airforce.ru/
http://bmpd.livejournal.com/
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

37 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +6
    17 November 2016 15: 04
    And the president recalled that before the year 20, the rearmament plan should be implemented in the volume that was planned. And oh, how much work.
    1. +6
      17 November 2016 22: 14
      Quote: NEXUS
      And oh, how much work.


      Yes, our country can’t be blocked by the available small number of fighters!

      There is still a lot of work to do ...

      And work on new planes!
      1. +7
        17 November 2016 22: 49
        the figure is 116 aircraft throughout the country, a very sad figure. This amount is for one regiment, but not for the whole country. And after reading the article, I understand that the author presents this as an achievement. But for me it’s a shame.
        1. +4
          17 November 2016 23: 01
          It only produced Irkutsk, and also Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and also Novosibirsk! No need to moan just need to figure it out.
          1. +5
            21 November 2016 10: 00
            Quote: 73bor
            It only produced Irkutsk, and also Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and also Novosibirsk! No need to moan just need to figure it out.


            heh, since when did the Su-30SM begin to be made in Novosibirsk and at KNAAZ?)
            1. +1
              22 November 2016 14: 04
              Novosibirsk like Su-30M2 produced?
              And Komsomolsk is busy with the Su-35 and in the future it seems to be for the PAK FA conveyor. Although for me, for the latter you need a separate plant. Vaughn Almaz-Antey two plants plucked.
        2. +5
          18 November 2016 18: 55
          Quote: Yarik
          the figure is 116 aircraft throughout the country, a very sad figure. This amount is for one regiment, but not for the whole country. And after reading the article, I understand that the author presents this as an achievement. But for me it’s a shame.


          Lol, well, you and the clown) In the regiment most often 2 squadrons of 12 cars. Therefore, now it is contracted aircraft for almost 5 regiments. This is only now and only the Su-30SM.
          1. +3
            19 November 2016 12: 09
            Su24 clown is you. My dad served as a flyer in the village of Sokol on Sakhalin, so there were 112 MiGi 23, 31, 25, Yaki planes in their regiment. only 31 were 36 pieces !!!!!!! Therefore, read on at night tales further.
            1. +5
              21 November 2016 10: 03
              Amazing. "My dad served," h-yes ...
              So, most of the cars were in storage. In the regiment 2-3 ae. More than 100 vehicles is already an aviation division.
        3. 0
          3 March 2017 20: 10
          Regiment, no more than 30 aircraft
  2. +13
    17 November 2016 15: 17
    Su-30 needs an aiming container, then it can complement and replace the Su-34. Now, he carries out only 50% of his tasks ... We need a missile launcher weighing up to 900 kg to 1000 km range ... and anti-ship missiles in TTX comparable to Harpoon. And I don’t really understand why not to unify the car with the Su-35 by Radars and engines? So that work Su-30 mu and work more ....
    1. +2
      17 November 2016 18: 41
      I agree with you in principle, but about the harpoon, according to http://aviation21.ru/su-30sm/su-30cm, it can carry up to 4 x-35 missiles
    2. +4
      18 November 2016 18: 59
      Quote: Zaurbek
      Need KR weighing up to 900kg to 1000km range ...


      The X-59 family is google and do not write nonsense.
      Quote: Zaurbek
      RCC on TTX comparable to Harpoon


      And that the X-35 has already ceased to be an analog of Harpoon and other light anti-ship missiles? In the appendage, the Su-30SM, because it can also use the X-31.
      Quote: Zaurbek
      And I don’t really understand why not to unify the car with the Su-35 by Radars and engines?


      Probably because they are different planes. The AL-41 will not fit into the gondolas of the Su-30SM airframe purely in size. ESBL "Irbis", he will not pull on energy consumption.
      1. +1
        21 November 2016 08: 14
        This means that the replacement of the Su-30 must be done on the basis of the Su-35 glider ...
        1. +2
          21 November 2016 10: 05
          This means the T-50 must be done.
          1. +1
            22 November 2016 14: 44
            it all comes down to money and mastered technology. Su-30/35 is a serial product that scales without any problems. Accordingly, introducing new components by the piece you do not slow down the release. And in the T-50 there is a very large% of novelty, the components are not commercially available and will still adapt to the conveyor. Therefore, Sushki still guarantee our safety for 20 years ...
  3. +7
    17 November 2016 16: 15
    Only 116 is very small on such a huge territory, even taking into account 96 Su-35s, there are more in India!
    1. +5
      17 November 2016 21: 50
      Quote: Sailor
      even taking into account 96 Su-35

      96 SU-35s will be only by the 20th year ... hi
    2. +3
      18 November 2016 19: 01
      Quote: Sailor
      Only 116 is very small on such a huge territory, even taking into account 96 Su-35s, there are more in India!


      Where do you come from? First, at least google the rate of production of the Su-30SM, then what other aircraft are in the Air Force. All this is sad.
  4. +6
    17 November 2016 17: 12
    The "hunchback" two-piece is made only in his native Irkutsk. And I did that once. What I am proud of.
  5. +6
    17 November 2016 17: 20
    Well, no more beautiful
  6. +5
    17 November 2016 20: 25
    At least three times in the article it is repeated that there are as many as 60 of them. What mass character. And there will be that 116 in 2018. including aviation of the Navy. As many as 5 regiments. And how many of us will have Su-27,30,35. And how many are interesting?
  7. +1
    17 November 2016 22: 06
    And in the photo from Syria (at the end of the article) what is the wingtip airplane carrying? SU-30SM means not all are the same ... hi
    1. +1
      19 November 2016 04: 24
      Quote: VadimLives
      And in the photo from Syria (at the end of the article) what is the wingtip airplane carrying? SU-30SM means not all are the same ... hi

      Complex of electronic suppression "Khibiny".
  8. +1
    17 November 2016 23: 06
    Great car! But they say that the PGO of the aircraft has a drawback - it increases its radar visibility.
    And for the Russian knights, perhaps the SU 35C would be better? IMHO hi
  9. +4
    17 November 2016 23: 26
    116 aircraft for Russia - this is very small, even taking into account the Su-34/35 under construction at the same time. The old Su-27s and Mig-29s are gradually decommissioned, and new aircraft hardly cover these losses. With the current supply volume by the 20th year, we will have approximately 180 Su-30SM, 98 Su-35, 180 Su-34, 37 MiG-35 and 10-12 PAK FA. In total, about 500 cars are obtained.
    1. +2
      23 November 2016 23: 45
      Quote: mr.redpartizan
      With the current supply volume for the 20 year, we will have approximately 180 Su-30СМ, 98 Su-35, 180 Su-34, 37 Mig-35 and 10-12 PAK FA. In total, it turns out about 500 cars.

      By 20 year, we will have 140 Su-34, 100 Su-35 and 100 Su - 30. SM Well, there are a few MIGS. As for the T-50, I strongly doubt it, rather 5-7 units. Total (without Navy) 350 - 380 mash.
  10. +3
    18 November 2016 00: 30
    Quote: mr.redpartizan
    The old Su-27s and Mig-29s are gradually decommissioned, and new aircraft hardly cover these losses.

    For 2016, of course, there are few SU-27s in the Navy’s aviation, only 18, but there are more or less decent numbers of such planes in the VKS. MIG-29 - almost 150, SU-27 - almost 200 units. Plus previously issued SU-30M2 in the amount of 14 units. I think that in 3 years these machines will be written off in the amount of almost 400 units
    1. +4
      18 November 2016 02: 06
      In three years 400 aircraft will not be written off at once, but in 6-7 years it is quite possible. The service life of a modern fighter is approximately 20-25 years. To protect such a huge territory, it is necessary to have 2-2,5 thousand aircraft of this type, which means that they must be constantly produced at 80-100 pieces per year for our own Air Force and Navy. It is highly desirable to reduce the "zoo" of aircraft, because several practically identical samples can be produced simultaneously. It would be very good to unify the Su-30/34/35 in terms of avionics, engines and a number of other systems. These planes have one common ancestor - the Su-27, so their size and layout largely repeat it.
  11. +3
    18 November 2016 01: 50
    Yesterday I saw one of the cars of the second batch for "Russian Knights" over the city.
  12. +4
    18 November 2016 08: 05
    Quote: mr.redpartizan
    In three years 400 aircraft will not be written off at once, but in 6-7 years it is quite possible. The service life of a modern fighter is approximately 20-25 years. To protect such a huge territory, it is necessary to have 2-2,5 thousand aircraft of this type, which means that they must be constantly produced at 80-100 pieces per year for our own Air Force and Navy. It is highly desirable to reduce the "zoo" of aircraft, because several practically identical samples can be produced simultaneously. It would be very good to unify the Su-30/34/35 in terms of avionics, engines and a number of other systems. These planes have one common ancestor - the Su-27, so their size and layout largely repeat it.

    Just now I noticed that I did not print the "not" particle when I wrote about cheating. It is clear that we need to produce more, but alas, there is still not enough strength for this. To the above types, it is necessary to add about a hundred with a small MIG-31 of various modifications. It is clear that this is not enough, but there is nothing to be done here. The plant itself simply cannot increase the number of aircraft produced. He has a large number of suppliers and all this cooperation is quite inert in terms of increasing the number of parts and components produced.
    1. +2
      18 November 2016 23: 43
      Quote: Old26
      Quote: mr.redpartizan
      In three years 400 aircraft will not be written off at once, but in 6-7 years it is quite possible. The service life of a modern fighter is approximately 20-25 years. To protect such a huge territory, it is necessary to have 2-2,5 thousand aircraft of this type, which means that they must be constantly produced at 80-100 pieces per year for our own Air Force and Navy. It is highly desirable to reduce the "zoo" of aircraft, because several practically identical samples can be produced simultaneously. It would be very good to unify the Su-30/34/35 in terms of avionics, engines and a number of other systems. These planes have one common ancestor - the Su-27, so their size and layout largely repeat it.

      Just now I noticed that I did not print the "not" particle when I wrote about cheating. It is clear that we need to produce more, but alas, there is still not enough strength for this. To the above types, it is necessary to add about a hundred with a small MIG-31 of various modifications. It is clear that this is not enough, but there is nothing to be done here. The plant itself simply cannot increase the number of aircraft produced. He has a large number of suppliers and all this cooperation is quite inert in terms of increasing the number of parts and components produced.

      All the same, it's great that on the site, besides the "hurray of patriots", there are sensible people who think with their heads, and do not shout reflexively "hurray!"
  13. 0
    1 January 2017 19: 36
    Again crap in the article: 1st photo with the signature that the plane is leaving for Milirovo, tail number 29 is red. And the 2nd photo of the drying dryer with the same number, 29 red, with the inscription that it is in Syria.
    Is it like one in two forms? Or a clone?
  14. +1
    25 March 2017 22: 11
    Quote: Sailor
    Only 116 is very small on such a huge territory, even taking into account 96 Su-35s, there are more in India!

    I remember recently someone laughed out loud that in the states "only" 2 hundreds of F22 were stuck) Like fuckers they lol
    1. +3
      16 May 2017 04: 33
      There is also no need to forget about the airfield network and the trained flight and engineering staff. With the arrival of Serdyukov, a huge number of airdromes were transferred to the category of air command posts. At the moment, there are not so many suitable airfields on which aviation can be based. From Krasnoyarsk to Kamchatka about 12. In the West, of course, more. Therefore, the amount of aircraft that is supplied is just enough for the number of IAP and BAP that are now there.
      1. +3
        16 May 2017 04: 38
        On the positive points from the above: this year there will be 2 graduations from Krasnodar in the summer and winter, somehow the training process has been optimized, so that the pilots will arrive. It is also expected to commission the Step aerodrome, with a newly rebuilt residential with a service area and a new airfield coating. It is assumed that there will be returned "native" Su25 and ext. placed before AE fighters (type not known). So we will arrive in Siberia.
  15. 0
    31 March 2018 03: 52
    Hi, I would like to ask if anyone has specific documents about the su-30 aircraft? thank

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned), Kirill Budanov (included to the Rosfinmonitoring list of terrorists and extremists)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev Lev; Ponomarev Ilya; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; Mikhail Kasyanov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"