In the US, created a universal hand grenade

In the US, developed a universal hand grenade, called ET-MP (manual tactical multipurpose), the newspaper said MIC.

The grenade has a spherical shape with a protruding rotary cylinder, on which the safety ring is located.

“The versatility of ET-MP lies in its dual mode - turning a cylinder, a soldier will be able to choose the options for undermining a grenade: defeat an enemy by force of an explosion or an explosion with shrapnel. Thus, ET-MP will combine the capabilities of offensive (defeat of the enemy by force of an explosion) and defensive (combination of force of an explosion and splinters) grenades ”- says the publication.

The previous lethal M67 grenade (15-25 m attack radius) was put into service in 1968 g. It was used along with the MK3A2 high-explosive grenades (lethal effect from shock wave damage up to 2-m, wounded - to 15 m). In 1975, MK3A2 was removed from service due to the presence of asbestos.

The publication notes another feature of the ET-MP - “the electronic fuse, which is much safer and safer than the mechanical fuses used in M67”.

Pilot grenade production should begin next year. It is assumed that its massive entry into the troops will begin closer to 2020.

Comments

[Danil Laryon]

As he thinks he sawed again or not.

[Samen]

The publication notes another feature of ET-MP - “electronic fuse, which is much more reliable and safer,

Super! Now, with the self-explosion of a marine, it will be possible to blame Russian hackers! )))))))

[SRC P-15]

Interestingly, and the electronic fuse will not respond to a lightning strike? Or do you need to carry a lightning rod with you?

[Evil543]

And what is her affected area? They said about the fuse and how long the silence works ...

[Mahmut]

I imagine how, in the bustle of battle, a soldier turns a slippery ball of dirt in his hands, setting the settings.

[a_andrey]

Their soldiers fight only in the light, warm and dry time of the day near the toilet and the mandatory presence of toilet paper.

[Darkmor]

Allocation of grounding money to the entire infantry outfit is a separate article of the budget cut that has been reserved for the future :)
Well, in general, the idea with an electronic fuse is not so bad - it is not for war against various kinds of electromagnetic weapons (or nuclear explosions).
But the idea of ​​a 2in1 grenade, in my opinion, is a failure. To unify the fuse for different modes (delay, shock, vibration after impact) is one thing. But to unify explosives and shards ...
Such a grenade will not be effective enough in any mode. Either it will be too powerful in the offensive version - or too weak in the defensive.

[hrych]

Quote: СРЦ П-15

and the electronic fuse will not respond to a lightning strike?

So EMR and EW will affect the lemon, like solar storms

[Inok10]

Quote: Darkmor

Allocation of grounding money to the entire infantry outfit is a separate article of the budget cut that has been reserved for the future :)

... three corners 50x50x5 3 meters long at a distance of 3 m from each other connected by a 50x5 strip steel with a welded seam, painted over, all this is laid at an elevation of 0,5 m from the earth's surface and so that the resistance is no more than 30 ohms .. ah, God forbid, a static discharge ... the fuse is "electronic" ... well, if the batteries haven't run out ... then there will be "BOOM" ...

Quote: hrych

So EMR and EW will affect the lemon, like solar storms

... yeah, and "Mercury BM" ...

[Leonid Har]

Or turn on the electronic gadget jammer and zilch, the grenade will not even think to explode.

[Cananecat]

Rather, a charger or a set of batteries))

[bocsman]

Quote: Canecat

Rather, a charger or a set of batteries))

For some reason, no one thought of a piezo element that does not need batteries!
The drummer does not hit the capsule but the piezo-crystal and starts the electronics. Everything is simple and no batteries.

[dmi.pris1]

In the course of hostilities, a huge psychological burden presses on the fighter. It would just be a grenade thrown at the enemy and not choose the grenade explosion mode.

[Strength]

Yes exactly. You guessed! Contraindications: lightning strikes, northern lights, ebb and flow, phases of the moon.

[Alf]

Or do you need to carry a lightning rod with you? wassat

Lightning conductor sold separately ...

[Manul]

And I'm wondering if it is possible to build a jammer into the "Ratnik" so that these grenades nearby do not explode at all, or detonate at a whiter or less safe border.

[Manul]

And I'm wondering if it is possible to build a jammer into the "Ratnik" so that these grenades would not explode nearby, or detonate at a more or less safe border.
Although for me - a cool idea. I don’t understand what a mechanical fuse was for them. And so - a thing. I like.

[Monos]

Yes, it is smaller than a tennis ball.

[tiredwithall]

Quote: Danil Larionov

As he thinks he sawed again or not.

Even if this is a technical step forward, then a cut is a mandatory accompaniment. But still pleased with the phrase:

In 1975, the MK3A2 was withdrawn from service due to the presence of asbestos in them.

This is almost from the Odessa anecdote: "Lyova will not eat de ** mo. He is squeamish - in the de ** me hair." I wonder who was harmed by asbestos in a combat grenade?

[Rus2012]

Quote: tiredwithall

I wonder who hurt asbestos in a military grenade?

... the quartermaster! :) One will demand additional allowances and allowances for penzzii, for harmful conditions ...

And so the new grenade is another step towards "quickly deteriorating" supplies - the shelf life of the batteries is no more than the shelf life of unattended "mechanical grenades" - I don't remember if only 25 years, or more.

[gladcu2]

Rus2012

There is no food there. Must not be. Piezoelectric element.

[jjj]

In the Soviet hand-held anti-personnel grenades of the war (with a hilt), in case of need to increase the number of fragments, a cylinder with diamond-shaped incisions was put on. Cheap and cheerful.
In general, as it turned out, a spiral spring with notches inside the grenade at break gives a fan of fragments of needles. The defeat of manpower is guaranteed

[Vz.58]

Asbestos harms even in thermal insulation in residential buildings of citizens and in the brakes of old cars, and in military grenades it harms soldiers who carry them

[tiredwithall]

Quote: Vz.58

Asbestos ... in military grenades harms soldiers who drag them

Do these grenades have an asbestos shirt? Asbestos is dangerous when in contact with a person. If the grenade is not disassembled, then there will be no harm. And after the explosion, the harm from asbestos can be neglected. Indeed, in our example, Anglo-Saxon cynicism is striking - to disarm the weapon of death, protecting the ecology of the battlefield.

[barik92090]

Now all new weapons must pass environmental control.

[Bayonet]

And after the explosion, the harm from asbestos can be neglected. Indeed, in our example, Anglo-Saxon cynicism is striking - to disarm the weapon of death, protecting the ecology of the battlefield.

Asbestos is present in the coating of the shirt. After the explosion, asbestos dust, which is a strong carcinogen, enters the lungs. So here it is not cynicism, but concern for the health of its soldiers.

[sharp-lad]

And what is the lifespan of an infantryman in modern warfare?

[Weniamin]

In combat conditions, there will be so much smoke and burning around the soldier that your asbestos from the grenade cover "drops in the ocean".

[sub307]

"I wonder who was harmed by asbestos in a combat grenade?"
To the participants in the production of pomegranates with asbestos. To take care of the "ecology" in production, all of a sudden the staff of asbestos dust breathes in, horror.

[Bayonet]

Quote: tiredwithall

I wonder who hurt asbestos in a military grenade?

Until 1975, the US Army used high-explosive grenades MK3A2. Grenades of this type hit the enemy primarily by the force of the explosion, and not by fragments. In Vietnam, high-explosive grenades were so often used on the battlefield that they became the second most popular type of grenade after fragmentation, although initially high-explosive grenades were conceived as grenades for cleaning enclosed spaces, primarily bunkers. The problem was that MK3A2 was made using asbestos. As it turned out, this is an extremely harmful substance by inhalation. That is, to enter and breathe air in a “cleaned” bunker was life threatening. Therefore, MK3A2 was withdrawn from service in 1975.

[ydjin]

Quote: Danil Larionov

As he thinks he sawed again or not.

Be that as it may, it is worth taking a closer look at this innovation. And the offensive and defensive say? That's just the question, the ratio: -price-reliability-efficiency? And in my opinion, universality is always a deterioration. You can hammer nails with a microscope, but a hammer is more effective!

[Poppy]

electronic grenade fuse?
What for?
IMHO, cut

[Bayonet]

Quote: Poppy

electronic grenade fuse?
What for?

ET-MP should be more secure. Instead of a fully mechanical fuse, it has an electronic delay fuse. It is believed that in the long run, an electronic fuse is more reliable than a conventional spring mechanism. In addition, the delay time is set and observed exactly. For example, when installing stretch marks, the detonation time can be set to a few milliseconds.

[Bayonet]

Quote: Danil Larionov

As he thinks he sawed again or not.

So far, ET-MP is under development. The project began in 2013. The Pentagon allocated $ 2017 million for financing in 1,1 by the standards of military budgets.

[KVashentcev]

The monkey will receive a new grenade by 2020 ...

[Pasha]

by the year 20 they will not need it.
we give them hoes and foer to the virgin lands.
prisoners are needed.

[Bayonet]

Pasha Yesterday, 14:31 ↑
by the year 20 they will not need it.
we give them hoes and foer to the virgin lands.
prisoners are needed.

[Evil543]

KVashentcev Today, 13:32
The monkey will receive a new grenade by 2020 ...

hee ... Obama with pomegranate

[almost demobil]

The publication notes another feature of ET-MP - "electronic fuse, which is much more reliable and safer than the mechanical fuses used in the M67"Interestingly, the mattress will explode with an electromagnetic pulse? I would like to

[favn]

This question immediately arose. And will a grenade remain in a combat-ready state after such an impulse? Or not EMR, but a signal along the EW line ...

[corporal]

We shots for RPG-7 on piezoelectric elements do not seem to explode themselves.

[jjj]

Russian scientific companies will detonate these grenades remotely in storage and on live carriers

[Mooh]

The electronic fuse is probably shielded by the metal parts of the grenade. Do not think that in America there are only idiots. Here is a battery element is another matter. It is unlikely that the shelf life of such a grenade is more than 10 years.

[Scalpel]

Fuses are usually stored separately from grenades. If necessary, simply replace with new ones.

[AUL]

The electronic fuse is probably shielded by the metal parts of the grenade. Do not think that in America there are only idiots. Here is a battery element is another matter. It is unlikely that the shelf life of such a grenade is more than 10 years.

Why are you all bumped into batteries? What, no one saw a piezo lighter? I’ll tell you a terrible secret - there is no battery in it, but, nevertheless, it works!
I don’t understand something else. If the old grenade was canceled due to asbestos in the coating, wasn’t it easier to change the coating than to design a new product?

[Banishing liberoids]

One hundred pounds that these grenades will be tested both in Syria and in ukroine-real test sites, and help 'their "

[uskrabut]

Explosion with fragments and explosion without fragments, as I understand it. And where in the second version the fragments disappear. It became directly interesting, like nothing was unscrewed there.

[The leader of the Redskins]

I also thought about it. Most likely, by turning the handle, some segments are folded into a narrow "crescent" - one shard comes out, the probability of defeat is less. By turning to the other side, a second "shirt" is formed, so it will give additional striking effect. But this is just my opinion - I could be wrong!)))

[Denimax]

Perhaps by turning the cylinder a window opens and fragments in the form of steel balls pour out.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: Denimax

fragments in the form of steel balls spill out.

into cowards?

[31R-US]

Yes to Obama

[sabakina]

To place explosives and striking elements in such a small grenade at the same time (let’s say the same balls) ..... It’s unrealistic, or a land mine or fragments. Our lemon is not without reason with notches.

[Manul]

.

Quote: sabakina

To place explosives and striking elements in such a small grenade at the same time (let’s say the same balls) ..... It’s unrealistic, or a land mine or fragments. Our lemon is not without reason with notches.

I also thought about it. Most likely, the inner part is fragmentation, and the top is high-explosive. To the detriment of lethal force.

[Traansformer]

Lemon is not ours)

In 1922, the artillery department of the Red Army began to restore order in their warehouses. According to the reports of the artillery committee, the Red Army was armed with grenades of seventeen different types at that time. There was no fragmentation defensive grenade of its own production in the USSR at that time. Therefore, a grenade of the Mills system was temporarily adopted for service, the stocks of which were in large quantities in the warehouses (200 units as of September 000). In extreme cases, the delivery of French F-1925 grenades to the troops was allowed. The fact was that the fuses of the French model were unreliable. Their cardboard cases did not provide tightness and the detonation composition was damp, which led to massive failure of grenades, and even worse to lumbago, which was fraught with an explosion in the hands. In 1, tests were carried out of F-1926 grenades from those stored (in warehouses at that time there were 1 million grenades of this system) with a 1 Kveshnikov fuse. According to the test results, the fuse design was finalized and after military tests in 1920, an F-1927 grenade with a Koveshnikov fuse under the name F-1 brand grenade with a fuse of the F.V. Koveshnikov system was adopted by the Red Army in 1

[Pasha]

and no other
it flies well, the weight is balanced, God forbid, too, defeat depends on skills.
after shooting, each of us after 3 throws fell into the inside of a 200-liter barrel.
poor barrel.

[Poppy]

why produce entities? because the best is the enemy of the good
something do not suit the Soviet grenades?

[wasjasibirjac]

RGO / RGN, undermining the blow. and for a while.

[mad]

Quote from rudolf

By the way, about grenades. Do we have any new items? And then in my memory only the Soviet model.

Hand grenades RGN and RGO - https://topwar.ru/26710-ruchnye-granaty-rgn-i-rgo
.html

[igorspb]

that is, if, during an offensive, a frightened African-American turns the cylinder the wrong way .... will it be fun?

[katalonec2014]

Yes, let them change their grenades, we have other plans ... Satan would be replaced by the Sarmatians.

[parkello]

I wonder how this way an electronic fuse is more reliable than a mechanical one? in the end, what do they get? the first grenade cost $ 80-90, and this one will cost all 300 if not more. otak from take and raise the price .. you would still have cartridges for a shotgun at 300 dollars per pack began to produce. Earlier, at the training ground, we threw real grenades at least two or three times during exercises, and now, one in a year, if they throw it, it’s good.

[wadulya]

electronic reliably stuffs the pockets of manufacturers. And such a grenade can be remotely detonated or vice versa to cancel the detonation. And in the new grenades there is GPS, antivirus and wi-fi

[parkello]

about to cancel the explosion tore ...

[-СтрР° РЅРЅРёРє-]

The buggy Windows was forgotten! Before use - reboot, did not help - reinstall! And it is better immediately to the system administrator !!!

[guzik007]

The top of idiocy. I present the instruction: change the batteries every 24 months .... And every 2 years ... all twenty million ... in warehouses ...

[Mordvin 3]

Is the charger for the fuse included? And without him it’s inconvenient.

[NEXUS]

guzik007

Top idiocy

Apparently she is homing, with stealth technology and stands like a whole warehouse of old grenades.

[The leader of the Redskins]

In general, the idea is very, very much. There is no need to carry with you a pair of RGO - RGN or convulsively rip off the shredded "shirt" from the body. This is, of course, in the event that everything stated comes true. I am personally concerned about the electronic fuse. This means there must be a power supply unit, etc. ... It is unlikely that it will "beat" the mechanical one in the time factor.

[parkello]

I don’t understand .. how it will not be necessary to drag the RGO? but what ... personally, you can throw this grenade at 100 m? or 150? yes you my friend Terminator

[Taygerus]

odd, like an electronic fuse is alarming, here’s the news you see electronic cigarettes explode and the cost of these grenades compared to ordinary ...., not exactly cut

[Mordvin 3]

Quote: Taygerus

electronic cigarettes explode

Seriously? SchA in the window of their throwing bastards. I hope that I will not blow anyone apart from the neighboring jeep; I’m tired of looming under my window.

[wadulya]

It’s interesting how it explodes without fragments, or does the case change its physical properties and become paper?

[Stas Snezhin]

"Electronic fuse."
It will probably be interesting if the enemy
will come up with a jammer of such electronics ..

[Hariton laptev]

I wonder how the grenade will behave when exposed to our electronic warfare systems

[lecturer]

In the United States created a universal ..

[hrych]

Quote: morpod

In the United States created a universal ..

Homing gay?

[lecturer]

I agree, from the English dictionary "gay" is an adjective, ... etc.

[Poppy]

they have already created a universal aircraft; now they cannot finish

[voyaka uh]

"ET-MP will combine the capabilities of the offensive (defeat the enemy by the force of the explosion)
and defensive (a combination of the force of the explosion and fragments) grenades ", - says the publication" ///

And not vice versa? The defensive shards can hook the thrower.

[Denimax]

Quote: voyaka uh

And not vice versa?

This means that the defender will throw a grenade from cover at the attacking enemy.

[Manul]

Dear Warrior. We even talked about the difference between defensive and offensive grenades at NVP (OBZh). Surprised.
For everyone who does not know - a defensive grenade is designed to throw in an open field when you are sitting in a trench. Offensive - further along the logic to toss in an open area, or in a room. Advancers reduce the density of the combat collision, and therefore the attack grenades have a range of destruction

[Manul]

ensuring the safety of the infantryman. Unfortunately, I shot from Kalash a couple of times, and I apologize to experienced fighters. But if it doesn’t complicate you, could you write and repeat these abstracts in a more sophisticated language? .

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Well, yes, well, yes, during the fight, the fighter will figure out where he turned or did not turn the ring
when the cat doesn’t do anything, he licks the eggs and the Americans’s garbage

[guzik007]

That's right, when a boar rushes your fingers at you when they reload ...

[voyaka uh]

Grenades can be set to the desired mode in advance.
If you’re afraid of fragments, lying on the ground, put on defensive mode,
if you throw far from the trench - with fragments.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

nu-nu
fight, you sit in the trench, get ready for the defense, flip the ring and then the "political instructor", with a yell, will tear everyone to hell, raises you into the attack, continue to narrate or do you make an obituary?

[Vladimirets]

Quote: Vasilenko Vladimir

puts you on the attack

Yes, while you run a lot of time, you quickly twist everything back.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

and thoughts exclusively about where the ring had turned before, and during these thoughts ..., well, in general, the obituary again think for yourself

[voyaka uh]

I don't know how in the Russian army. Before the attack we were commanded: "grenade".
One of the shooters threw a grenade, waited for it to explode, and the first numbers of 3 triples
branches began to run. Then the 2nd, then the 3rd numbers. So in the exercises.
In the skirmish I got a little confused, but the principle is the same. Grenades were rarely thrown, usually at the last moment, when the militants were being finished off. In any case, the thrower warned with a shout of "grenade" - sure! Everyone fell to the ground.
The mode switch is not an extra thing, but not the most important one. It is important that the grenade is small and does not accidentally escape from the fist.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: voyaka uh

I don't know how in the Russian army. Before the attack we were commanded: "grenade"

I don’t know how in the Israeli army but during the great Patriotic war pilots sometimes crashed stupidly forgetting to change the pitch of the screw

[Bayonet]

Well, yes, well, yes, during the fight, the fighter will figure out where he turned or did not turn the ring

Really such tupy?

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

no, not stupid just sometimes not when to think

[bad]

..heh .. our scientists from KRET probably should think how to remotely burn the brain of these grenades ... well, or enter them into a stupor ..

[Kulneff2009]

electronic fuse? well, how does the battery go down! so, what is next?

[Denimax]

Quote: Kulneff2009

electronic fuse? well, how does the battery go down! so, what is next?

Who says the battery is there? By pulling the checks, you can charge the capacitor.

[dvina71]

Quote: Denimax

Quote: Kulneff2009

electronic fuse? well, how does the battery go down! so, what is next?

Who says the battery is there? By pulling the checks, you can charge the capacitor.

And if the check needs to be inserted back? Conder doesn't care, he's already charged.

[Denimax]

Why embed? If he pulled it out then throw it.

[dvina71]

Quote: Denimax

Why embed? If he pulled it out then throw it.

Well, how can I say .. There was a case in our study ..., we learned to throw grenades. Already we learned to do some dummies ... gave us RGD. Well, everyone comes up, takes a grenade. Throws it into the trench .. from there it throws a grenade, behind a metal shield, they explode there.
And now we all see .. one fighter .. throws the ring towards the shield and climbs out of the trench ..
ST Laptev then quickly found the ring .. our platoon .. And what will the American corporal look for in such a case? Fifth Corner?

[Denimax]

The corporal will probably not take a steam bath with the search for the ring. He simply commands everyone to leave the trench, and with a non-good soldier will throw a grenade into the trench.

[Peter Romane]

Since when, American warriors, have gathered to approach the enemy at a distance of a grenade throw? They are increasingly
because of the horizon they make fun, sitting in safety. And if such an opportunity is provided, then how can an American soldier solve a difficult mathematical problem - choose one of two options?

[PKK]

An electronic fuse with a computer, it’s one joy that no one will complain that his fuse has failed.

[Poppy]

it’s better to invent a self-throwing grenade - otherwise not everyone will throw far

[Bayonet]

Mac Today, 15:07
it’s better to invent a self-throwing grenade - otherwise not everyone will throw far

Invented a long time ago - called a grenade launcher!

[search engine]

new pomegranate is environmentally friendly and does not cause cancer after detonation

[taseka]

They love apples, and we love lemons! But seriously, the technology rod !!!

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: taseka

But seriously, the technology rod !!!

whom? !!!!!!!!!!!

[Cananecat]

The next stage in the evolution of WG voice control ... "Ok Google ..."

[dvina71]

Quote: Canecat

The next stage in the evolution of WG voice control ... "Ok Google ..."

Well, at least there will be someone to talk to on guard ...

[Blue fox]

I wonder what the principle is. I think that it is possible to get rid of a large expansion of fragments if there are two charges inside the grenade with different time of detonation, one inside the other and between them fragments, for example in the form of a ribbon with notches. In the defensive version, the internal one is blown up and the fragments hit the enemy, the external charge does not work and is broken by the shock wave, while the offensive, high-explosive one, the internal one is undermined first, then the external one and, in theory, the fragments between two shock fronts do not receive the energy necessary for a large expansion, and more likely total external charge is not solid, but something like an aerosol creating a cloud.

[Bayonet]

I wonder what the principle is.

Here is finally a normal question !! And then some crap is fussed about cuts, lightning rods, electronic warfare ...
It seems that Western designers do not understand what they are doing.

[Scoun]

Quote: Denimax

Quote: Kulneff2009

electronic fuse? well, how does the battery go down! so, what is next?

Who says the battery is there? By pulling the checks, you can charge the capacitor.

+))) If this article was about the development of a domestic grenade with two modes ... then uryakryakatnyh comments would be many times more))) And this is how cliché posts are riveted - saw the dough, fight panic and the "political instructor" said to the attack .. . sofa kindergarten.

[bald]

Disposal of a piezo lighter. In general, an interesting little thing.

[LastLap]

We seem to have a mine that spreads streamers on its own. Combine this pleasure with a grenade, it turns out: position 1 - throw - boom, position 2 - throw - boom, when the fish caught in the net. Maybe I'm a dreamer.

[andrei72]

An electronic fuse takes up MUCH LESSER space than a mechanical fuse, which is why the grenade itself becomes smaller (with the same volume and mass of explosives and fragments).

[Proton]

But I wonder what the electronic filling is fed from there ?? You can use this thing as a weapon of the proletariat if the battery runs out.

[corporal]

Quote: Proton

what is the electronic filling powered by

The most obvious is the piezoelectric element and microcapacitor. Or some kind of disposable chemistry.

[magician]

“The versatility of ET-MP lies in its dual-mode” if you are wearing lace panties and critical days, a grenade is not on the platoon. TOLERANT!

[romandostalo]

Some kind of nonsense, is it fragmentation or not fragmentation?

[Strashila]

"removed from service due to the presence of asbestos in them" ... like, we only kill with environmentally friendly weapons ... lung cancer does not threaten you.

[KCA]

if only they wouldn’t start to come up with a replacement for the UZRGM, it’s 60 years of service without fail, and let it serve

[D. Dan]

Well, I don’t know, I wouldn’t use such a "grenade" for nothing. It's better to old woman RGD and FKU ... how dumb it is to take SUCH in hand, what if yopnet ??? "Electronics is safer," heh ...

[Mikhail3]

Heavier than high-explosive and lighter than fragmentation, that is, worse than both. Reminds of the history of the French "universal gun" before the First World War. And even cooler due to the fact that the electronic fuse can be remotely detonated. Cool navayali, cho ...

[Zlyden.Zlo]

explain this trick? (destruction of the enemy by the force of an explosion or explosion with fragments) when the enemy is defeated by the force of an explosion, where do the fragments go ??

[ollee]

in the process of melee ... this grenade will explode only in the hands!

[IS-80_RVGK2]

We need a universal grenade that can be used as a hand grenade, anti-personnel mine and for firing a hand grenade launcher. With adjustable blast power. Possibility to change high-explosive / fragmentation mode. With programming undermining for time and punch.