Combat trawling in the early postwar years is a severe continuation of the war

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Combat trawling in the early postwar years is a severe continuation of the war


During the Second World War, the fleets of the warring parties put up extensive minefields in the waters of the seas and oceans. It allowed to decide fleets a wide range of combat missions by inflicting both direct losses and indirect losses on the enemy. The war ended, but naval minefields continued to carry their "combat watch." In the first three years after the end of the war (1945-1948), 406 ships and 29 ships were blown up in mines in European waters. In our post-war sea and river theaters, an extremely difficult mine situation developed. During the Second World War, more than 145 thousand mines and mine defenders were put up on an area of ​​22815 square miles. The most difficult mine situation was on the Baltic Sea. Over 79 thousand mines and mine defenders were delivered here by the KBF, as well as by the naval forces of England, Germany and Finland, of which more than 4000 were German non-contact mines (bottom and anchor). The latter represented the greatest danger in the Baltic. In addition, a feature of the mine situation in the Baltic Sea was the presence of the Gogland and Nargen-Porkkala-Udd anti-submarine mine positions created by the German fleet in 1941-1944. Here, to mine mines, special deep-sea trawls and powerful minesweepers were required.



In the Northern Sea Theater our fleet during the war put 2069 mines, and the enemy only in the White and Barents Seas - 51883. In the postwar years, the mine situation in the area was also dangerous. Minefields were located at the approaches to important bases and ports (Murmansk, Iokanka, Arkhangelsk), where many ships called.

The total number of mines and mine defenders set during the Great Patriotic War in the Black and Azov Seas was 20000. Of these, 10845 mines were exposed by the Black Sea Fleet, the rest by the Germans and their allies. Of the indicated number of mines, 2500 was non-contact; there were about 7000 mine defenders here, the trawling of which is no less difficult than the trawling of mines. The number of mines placed in the control zone of the Pacific Fleet reached almost 42 thousands (Soviet, American, Japanese). In addition, in the Sea of ​​Japan, starting in the autumn of 1941, there were a very large number of floating, anchored contact mines that posed a serious threat to navigation.

No less difficult mine situation was in the first post-war years and in the lower Volga, on the Dnieper and other rivers. However, this issue requires special consideration, and is beyond the scope of this article. In order to ensure uninterrupted and free navigation at the maritime theaters of the USSR, the Commissariat of the Navy, having assessed the mine situation that had been created, found it necessary to hold special events. In them, first of all, it was envisaged to clear up and open for sailing of demagnetized vessels
a) across the Baltic Sea - a large ship channel with no restriction on precipitation to 1 June 1946;
ship's fairway through the Irbensky Strait, with a draft of 10 m to 1 August 1946;
b) across the Black and Azov Seas - the ship’s fairway through the Kerch Strait for the passage of vessels with draft 6 m to July 1 1946; Ports of the Sea of ​​Azov - in terms agreed with the Commissariat;
c) in the Pacific, to ensure the navigation of ships along the fairway of warships (FVC) without pilotage in Vladivostok - from April 15 1946; across the Strait of La Perouse from May 1, and to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky from May 15 of the year 1946.
To extend in all the seas of the USSR to 2 miles fairways open for swimming.

To ensure the trawling, the Soviet government provided for the USSR people's commissariats to carry out measures for the logistics of the Navy with trawls, aggregates, cables, as well as for the installation of windless demagnetization stations (SVRs) and measurement and control magnetic stations (KIMS). In addition, in accordance with the SNK resolution, during 1946, the triangulation network was restored in the areas of post-war trawling, navigation barriers of the sea routes in the Baltic, Black and White seas, in areas of Soviet merchant shipping and fishing were carried out.

Following the decisions of the Soviet government, the People's Commissar of the Navy in December 1945 issued a directive in which he set before the fleet and flotillas the following tasks for trawling on the 1946 year: to ensure the safety of navigation of warships along the existing fairways and on the ranges intended for conducting combat training by surface ships and submarines by boats.

In accordance with this directive, and based on the availability of trawling forces and equipment, fleets have developed trawling plans for the 1946 year. For example, in the Baltic Sea it was envisaged:
- By 1 June 1946, the opening of the Great Ship Fairway for navigation of ships with any draft from Kronstadt to the Helsinki-Tallinn Fair and from Tallinn to the exit to the Baltic Sea, according to the Tallinn-Ristna fairway; to 1 September 1946, the trawling and opening for navigation of ships with any draft of the Great Ship's Fairway from the Helsinki-Tallinn FVC through Nargen-Porkkala-Ud mine position before going to sea;
- By 1 August 1946, the opening of the fairway through the Irbensky Strait for the passage of vessels with any draft;
- by 1 on April 1946, the opening for navigation of the southern entrance to the port of Libau;
- trawling and opening for navigation of the fairway from the approach point of the SWV Swinemünde to the English fairway Trelleborg-Danish Straits;
- extension of the fairway to the bases and ports of Kronstadt, Tallinn, Riga, Libava, Pillau, Vindava, Memel and Swinemunde;
- trawling and opening of the fairway for navigation in the port of Wismar;
- the destruction of all minefields on Lake Ladoga. Similar trawling plans for the 1946 year were drawn up in the Black Sea, North and Pacific fleets.

The fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the fleets to ensure safe navigation at the maritime theaters of the USSR required great work from the commanders, staffs and personnel of ships and formations. Trawling operations unfolded with the launch of the 1946 campaign of the year. They used a significant amount of trawling forces and assets.



It must be said that the trawling on the Baltic Sea was the most difficult since the combined German minefields were set up here. When creating them, as a rule, different types of mines were used, exposed with different depths and protected by mine defenders. Particularly saturated with mines were the Hogland and Nargen-Porkkala-Udd positions. In these relatively small areas, several thousand German mines, German network barriers, and a significant number of mine defenders were stationed at the exit from the Gulf of Finland. The minesweepers of Kronstadt and Tallinn naval defensive areas had to break through these barriers with great difficulty. And only by the end of the campaign campaign, in September 1949, the minefield at the Nargen boundary, Porkkala-Udd was completely eliminated.

Trawling for the destruction of minefields on the Baltic Sea was carried out in a trawl warrant, which was built, as a rule, according to the following scheme. The first were the trawling minesweepers (having a small draft) with a lightweight QT trawl, followed by, in the harvested lane, followed by raid trawlers with trawls having a large catch width - ITS, then - powerful sea trawlers with trawls composed of trawling parts of several MT- 3, MT-2. The trailing minesweeper 1-2 were the trailers that protected the trawl area with special trawls. They also shot mines from the surface of their gun mounts (caliber 37-45 mm).

For etching mines with chain mines, trawls with blasting cartridges were used. Trawling of contact mines on the Baltic Sea, and on other seas, was carried out only in the daytime, since there was a great danger of undermining mines that had already been mined. If the destruction of minefields consisting of contact mines, with appropriate preparation of the trawling forces, did not require a very high voltage, then the trawling of non-contact mines was a more complicated and time-consuming task.

Non-contact mines with a fuse, triggered by the magnetic field of the ship, appeared in the early years of World War II. They are constantly improved. And not only mines (they were bottom, anchor and floating) improved, but also non-contact fuses, which were initially magnetic, then induction, acoustic, and at the end of the war - combined. The fuses came to the combat position after a set time (urgency device) and after a certain number of its alarms (multiplicity device). The fight against non-contact mines was very serious. The solution of this problem, in particular, the issue of demagnetization of ships and vessels, was carried out by our eminent scientists, including I.V. Kurchatov and A.P. Alexandrov. According to the results of the work of scientists, according to their recommendations, fleet stations were equipped without a winding demagnetization (SBR) and monitoring and measuring magnetic stations (CIMS) to measure the residual, after passing the SBR, the magnetic field of the ship (ship). Ships and vessels, the magnetic field of which was more than the permissible norms, were not released into the sea.



However, in order to eliminate the danger from non-contact mines, they had to be wiped out. The first trawls were small barges loaded with scrap metal that were towed by wooden (non-magnetic) KM-4-type minesweepers or fishing seiners. The magnetic field of such trawls was so high that the mines exploded far from the trawl, including near the minesweeper. Then they began to tow the barge in a short tug or at the board, lag. Later, loop cable trawls PEMT-3, PEMT-4 were constructed, which created a magnetic field similar to the ship's field from a ship generator, and open trawls of the TEM-5, TEM-6 type. In open trawls, a magnetic field identical to the field of the ship was created when current was passed through a conductor dipped into seawater. And the trawling was only effective by a pair of minesweepers. In the Baltic Sea, the KEMT-2 cutter trawls, the SEMT-12, SEMT-24 solenoid trawls and the PEMT-3 and PEMT-4 loop trawls were used to traw non-contact mines. Open trawls due to low salinity in the Baltic Sea were used with an additional improvement of the electrodes. It should be noted that the towing of non-contact trawls took place at low speed, with several (up to 16 times) coatings of the sweep line. All this required a huge amount of time, the cost of the motor resources of minesweepers, the hard work of the sailors. In the Baltic Sea, combat trawling was conducted by 100 minesweepers and 178 minesweeper boats.



For the period of combat trawling (from May to September), trawling brigades and minesweepers' divisions were redeployed to maneuvering points located close to trawling areas. Thus, when trawling the Narva Bay, the base minesweepers were based in Ust-Luga, and the mine sweepers - in Gakkovo. The maneuvering bases were deployed in Primorsk, Ust-Narva, Virt and other harbors and bays of the Gulf of Finland, Riga and the Baltic Sea. Fuel, food, trawls and spare parts were delivered here. Here, minesweepers hid from the weather, carried out scheduled preventive maintenance.

While in the Baltic and Black Seas the problem of maneuverable minesweepers was solved quite satisfactorily during the post-war trawling, in the Northern Fleet and in the Pacific Ocean there were enormous difficulties along the way. The main task of the post-war trawling in the Northern Fleet, for example, was to eliminate the danger of mines on the Northern Sea Route. However, there, in most areas, there were no ports, no points, or moorings, where minesweepers could go. In this regard, the replenishment of stocks, repairs were made on the anchorage, on unequipped raids, in conditions of frequent storms. All this extremely complicated trawling in the North.

As a result of the work carried out in 1946, the trawling of the first section of the Great Ship's Fairway from Kronstadt to the Helsinki-Tallinn FEC was completed. 17 June he was open to swimming. The Hydrographic Office of the 25 Navy on June 1946 of the year reported: “The Great Ship's Fairway is open for navigation during the daytime from Kronstadt to the Tallinn-Helsinki Fairway for all demagnetized ships and merchant ships with any draft, strictly adhering to its axis. Submarine submarine sailing and laying on the ground is prohibited. "

In the same year, tracts of non-contact mines were traced in the Kronstadt Sea Defense District (KMOR), in the Tallinn Sea Defense District (TMOR), Petrodvorets Harbor, Tallinn Raid, Paldiski Bay, etc. The contact anchor mines were shredded in KMOR areas of the Gulf of Finland , Ladoga Lake; in TMOR - the fairway of Tallinn-Ristna for the width of 3 miles and depth of 25-60 m; in the Island Marine Defensive Area (OMOR) - approach channel along the Windau lines and 2 miles in width and deep-water channel in the Irbensky Strait. Sailors opened the ports of Warnemünde and Rostock with approaching FVK, Wismar with approaching FVK, Zasnits and FVK Swinemünde-Sasnitz, the Libavu South entrance and the outer roads, the Straluzund and the eastern fairway to the port. Minefields in the Putzig Bay were destroyed.



Together with the minesweepers of the North Baltic Fleet, trawling of the Finnish Navy in the Gulf of Finland in the Gulf of Finland (mainly in the Finnish skerries) was made from both non-contact and contact mines (around 1946 minesweepers were trawled in 200 in the northern part of the Gulf of Finland around 1946 sq. . miles) The total number of mines and mine defenders spent and destroyed on the Baltic Sea from November 4000 1 of the year was: non-contact ground mines - 1946 pcs .; non-contact anchor min - 58 pcs .; contact anchor mines - 243 units; anti-landing mines -4837 pcs .; mine defenders - 94 pcs.

In general, despite the great work done by the headquarters of the trawling formations and the personnel of the minesweepers, the trawling plan for the 1946 year on the Baltic Sea was not fully implemented. The adverse weather conditions, especially for minesweepers, and the difficulty of destroying minefields on the Nargen-Porkkala-Udd position, as well as on the Nargen-Aegna line, were caused by the presence of network barriers. In addition, the minesweepers of the North-Baltic and South-Baltic fleets were often used not for their intended purpose (they towed barges with economic cargoes, used them as auxiliary vessels, etc.). The technical base for ensuring the timely repair of minesweepers was also weak.

The same shortcomings in the first year of the post-war trawling were also on other fleets of our country. The situation with trawling in 1947 was much better. The fleets prepared for it well in advance, took the necessary measures to repair minesweepers, staff them, etc. In accordance with the tasks assigned by the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces this year to ensure the safety of navigation of warships and transports, Naval Commander 1946 in December of the year, he gave instructions to the fleet military councils on the planning of sweeping operations. By contact trawling: the Pacific, Black Sea, South-Baltic and North-Baltic fleets destroy all contact mine barriers without exception; Northern Fleet - destroy all contact minefields, with the exception of 2, which stood apart from sea routes. By non-contact trawling to all fleets, except for the Pacific, expand the fairways to all major ports, lay the fairways to all small ports and points not yet open for navigation, destroy non-contact minefields located near the fairways.



In early March, the 1947 of the year was held at the Headquarters of the Navy by a collection of trawling commanders, flagship miners and fleet headquarters chiefs for fleets and other specialists. It analyzed the reasons that hinder the implementation of trawling plans, outlined ways to eliminate them and methods of monitoring the work being carried out, rational use of minesweepers, etc. All this contributed to the successful solution of the tasks. Trawling plans for 1947 year fleets met completely. In the Baltic Sea, 3391 square meters were contaminated by contact trawling. mile, on Black - 1959 sq. miles on the North - 482 square. miles away

True, the area, trawled from non-contact mines, continued to remain insignificant - 84 square. miles on the Baltic, 110 square. miles on the Black Sea, 51 sq. mile in the Northern Fleet. This was due to the fact that when the “Manual for Trawling” (NT-45) was developed, all the elements of the enemy’s mines were not yet known. Therefore, it was designed to maximize the safeguarding of mines of all types. In fact, it turned out wrong. It took a completely new techniques and methods of work. Later, with more complete and accurate information about proximity mines and the types of their fuses, the multiplicity of non-contact trawling (the number of tacks made by minesweepers with the included trawl) began to be selected based on these data. In general, for the 1947 year fleets were destroyed: Baltic - 351 mine and 196 mine defenders, Black Sea - 331 mine and 10 mine defenders, Northern - 2, Pacific - 4 mines.



A mine risk analysis in our theaters showed that if in the Pacific it had practically ceased to exist by the beginning of 1948, it still remained in the Baltic and Black Seas and in the North, and mainly from non-contact landmines, contact mines set or turned malfunctions on a large recess, as well as from floating mines. The presence of mine hazards on these seas and in connection with this the restriction of navigation caused great unproductive downtime and mileage of merchant ships (the total estimated amount of shipping losses for 3 of the post-war year was 150 million rubles and about 2 million rubles of currency).

The directives of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for the development of trawling plans for the 1948 year proposed to provide for the completion of all major works with a calculation of ensuring normal conditions of navigation by the end of the year. These fleets were to complete contact deep-sea trawling and begin trawling by the bottom contact trawl for the final destruction of the anchor mine barriers and thereby eliminate the sources of the floating mines. After the end of deep-water contact trawling, it was envisaged to abolish the obligatory navigation of ships and vessels along the fairways in all areas where non-contact mines were not put. In areas where unexploded non-contact minefields will remain, existing restrictions on navigation conditions (i.e., the mandatory use of protrated fairways) were maintained until the expiration date, which will be determined by the duration of combat life of non-contact mines of this sample. The fleet commander was asked to use in the 1948 year, ships-minopunners for trawling the remaining non-contact mines on the main fairways in order to ensure that non-demagnetized vessels navigate them.

Trawling plans for fleets in the 1948 year, despite the large amount of work, were largely fulfilled. Contact trawls were trawled area in 3469 square. miles, non-contact - 436 sq. miles As a result, it was allowed to sail without re-demagnetization to merchant ships in all areas of the White and Barents Seas (the Northern Sea Route was open only to demagnetized ships), without re-demagnetization to all major ports of the Baltic and Black Seas. Gradually, however, the transition to navigation of ships without demagnetization began, but with a well-worn fairway, along which a large number of ships passed, began with a fair amount of risk.

In the 1949, trawling on the seas of the USSR was carried out mainly by contactless and near-bottom trawls at ports and naval bases such as Baltiysk, Klaipeda, Libava, Windava, Riga, Tallinn, Ust-Narva, and also certain areas in the Gulf of Finland, the throat White Sea, in the Azov and Black Seas. Research conducted by the naval research institutes in 1946-1948 showed that all non-contact mines fail through 7-8 years after they were installed. On this basis, the command of the naval forces decided: minefields from non-contact mines, the survivability periods of which had already been released, should be checked by control trawling, and in the absence of a mine trawl, open areas without trawling. This made it possible to allow all vessels to sail on the seas of the USSR in a timely manner and to save considerable material and technical resources.

As a result of the extensive and intensive work of the personnel of the fleet and flotilla fleet connections in the first post-war years (1946-1949), significant sea areas of the USSR were cleared of mines. Later, a repeated bottom trawling was organized in order to completely destroy the mine threat.

In addition to conducting combat trawling, the fight against mine danger in the early postwar years included a diving survey of berths and harbors, depth bombing, search and destruction of floating mines. So, for the destruction of mines in the ports and harbors of Tallinn, Riga, Liepaja, Sevastopol, Odessa and others, a diving survey of the ground and the mooring line was carried out. This very dangerous work was assigned to specially trained detachments of divers, who in special non-magnetic equipment inspected each berth and every meter of the harbor in detail. Only in the Baltic, 8,5 million square meters were surveyed. m, 43 pcs. found and destroyed mines, 415 aerial bombs, 24 depth charges.

On raids and in narrow places, where trawls could not be used because of the constraint of the water area, depth bombing was carried out to destroy the mines. In the harbor of Gdansk, for example, 8 mines were destroyed, in the port of Gdynia - 9 mines. In addition, depth bombing was used in the destruction of anti-submarine networks on the Nargen-Porkkala-Udd position. Here the German anti-submarine 76,6 cable was undermined.

In the post-war years, floating contact mines were a great danger to navigation. They appeared on the surface of the sea due to the minrep breakage due to corrosion, defects in manufacturing, the natural instability of the metal during a long stay under water. Especially a lot of them appeared after stormy weather in areas where minefields were exposed. In order to combat floating mines in the Baltic and other seas, fleet headquarters have developed special measures to combat them. These activities included constant monitoring of the sea, coastal posts, special search of mines by ships and airplanes according to the developed routes, according to the schedule, but at least 2-3 once a week. All ships and ships at sea were instructed to give a notification to the fleet of the detected mines and destroy them. Total on the Baltic Sea during 1946-1949 545 floating mines were destroyed.



Trawling has always been laborious, complex and extremely dangerous work, which, as a rule, had to be done in the absence of accurate data on the boundaries and composition of minefields. The minesweepers sometimes had to work in conditions of stormy weather, which, along with the difference in the mine systems (anchor, antenna, bottom non-contact and others) in the same minefield, further complicated the task. Minefields, as a rule, were surrounded by small mines - “mine defenders”; in large numbers the Germans used booby-traps and other tricks that hampered the trawling and made it extremely dangerous. Therefore, despite the skill of our sailors, in the trawling operations in the period after 9 in May 1945, 74 of our minesweeper was blown up.

The mines themselves, as a rule, were equipped with anti-thrashing devices and various traps. For example, bottom non-contact mines had highly sensitive magnetic, acoustic or combined non-contact fuses, as well as multiplicity and urgency devices, which brought the mine into a combat state only after repeatedly passing the ship over it or at a predetermined time after it was set (from an hour to several months ).

So, in the Gulf of Finland, where the fascists tried to create an insurmountable mine barrier, the lines of minefields consisted of several rows: in the first of them, as a rule, there were mines with traps, in the subsequent ones there were mines of various types, designed against small surface ships. All mines had different depressions - from 20-30 centimeters to 1,5-2,0 meters, and the interval between the mines was 20, 30 and 40 meters. To make trawling difficult, the Germans covered the mine lines with a large number of mine defenders. Also, on the mines, instead of the standard minrep from a steel cable, a six-meter chain was often put up, resistant to the effects of cutters of trailing trawls. In later productions on this chain, they also began to attach two or three cutters against the trawling parts. There were even mines, equipped with special devices that allow skipping trawls, which dramatically reduced the efficiency of trawling.

Despite all the difficulties, during the trawling, Soviet sailors showed brilliant knowledge of their craft, and sometimes real heroism, which helped them to fulfill the most difficult, difficult tasks with honor and to open safe navigation on all the seas of our country. Many commanders of ships and divisions became true masters in the destruction of minefields. Among them are the Northern Seamen A. Ivannkov and V. Golitsyn, the Balts A. Dudin, G. Ovodovsky, F. Pakholchuk and N. Gurov, the Black Seamen L. Volkov, F. Saveliev, A. Ratner, the Pacific W. Piven, M. Sinyakoa n many others. Here, for example, is said in the award list about the actions of the minesweeper T-435 division commander, foremen of the 2 article Bogachev Yuri Stepanovich: “... in September 1946 of the year when the antenna of the mine exploded in the trawl, part of the sailors from the crew were thrown away blast wave overboard ship. Was thrown overboard and the captain. Bogachev took over the leadership of the salvation of personnel. At his command, the boat was quickly launched, and he himself rushed into the water and rescued a shellman from death. ” Only in 1948, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for their merits in cleaning our seas, lakes and rivers from mines, they were awarded orders and medals of 677 officers, foremen and sailors (State Archive of the Russian Federation, f. No. XXUM, case No. XXUMX). After 36, the Soviet fleet continued to destroy the dangerous weapon right up to the 1957 of the year when the mine danger was eliminated in the main fairways and offshore areas.

Sources:
Achkasov V., Basov A., Sumin A. and others. Post-war combat trawling. // The combat path of the Soviet Navy. M .: Voenizdat, 1988. C. 471-478.
Sokolov E. Postwar combat trawling is an integral part of the Great Patriotic War. // Sea collection 2014. No. 5. C. 66 – 71
Amelko N. Organization of the fight against mine danger in the first post-war years (1946 - 1949). // Military Thought 1977. No.8. C. 37-43.
Boyko G. For the trawls - clean water // Sea newspaper. 29 January 2016.
Tsarkov A. Black Sea "land mines" // Arms. 2011. No.2. C.52-62.
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16 comments
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  1. +15
    5 September 2016 06: 54
    I remembered the Soviet film "Allegro with Fire".
    1. PPD
      +7
      5 September 2016 11: 20
      Thank! I tried to remember the name of the film !! I wanted to review, I watched instead of the lessons.
      Thanks to the author for the article about minesweepers, they are often undeservedly forgotten.
  2. +9
    5 September 2016 06: 55
    I also remembered this film about the deadly work of our naval miners. The heroic work of the sea workers ... is routine and necessary.
    And also, forgive me the sailors, this cartoon
  3. +7
    5 September 2016 08: 46
    Pahari Morya- hard and dangerous work ........ and after the war they fought ..... I bow to you !!!
  4. +13
    5 September 2016 09: 00
    Combat trawling continues to this day. It may seem strange, but the mine threat from the Second World War continues to persist. Especially in the Baltic and Black Sea. The danger is represented by completely combat-ready contact mines, the barriers of which have continued to be in place since those times - only navigable fairways have been swept in them, which gradually expanded, but the barriers themselves are still standing. For example, in the region of some islands near Finland and the territory of Russia. Near Finland, a joint NATO team is engaged in mine clearance every year, which is simultaneously testing the latest means of finding and destroying mines. Bottom mines of those times are also dangerous. Mines and sunken ships with chemical and conventional ammunition during the First and Second World Wars were the main threats during the laying of branches of the Nord Stream gas pipeline. Also, for example, quite recently in 2010-2014, the destruction of bottom mines put up by German submarines in the Kara Sea was carried out, which interfered with the exploration and production of oil and gas in the area. These were special types of bottom mines designed taking into account the strength of the magnetic field in the area - with special types of fuses and housings. Demining continues in the Kerch Strait in the area of ​​the construction of the Crimean bridge. Strange as it may seem, but the mine danger persists on the Volga, which was heavily mined by German aircraft during the Second World War. Mine weapon is a formidable weapon, unfortunately in Russia its development and protection from it, in the last 20 years, no attention was paid at all. The naval mines that are in the warehouses were produced in Soviet times and were stored without proper attention, which is why most of them are unusable. The means of combating the mine threat in our country are generally in an "embryonic" state, despite the construction of a pair of minesweepers and the laying of a small series of their more modern types. This is due to the fact that the fight against mine weapons requires a lot of money, which we, as always, do not have enough. In my opinion, in order to reduce expenses, it is necessary to build not special, albeit very good, low-magnetic ships, but to follow the path of "containerization" of mine-search equipment. That is, to develop such samples of it that could be mounted in containers of various types for installation on civilian ships. Moreover, it is necessary to develop equipment taking into account its installation on ships of different displacement for work in different regions. Well, to train civilian specialists in the "near-sea" sphere to use this equipment at compulsory, special training courses.
    1. +2
      5 September 2016 12: 53
      That is, to develop such samples of it that could be mounted in containers of various types for installation on civilian vessels.

      So then this is a global trend. Why build specials. a minesweeper ship, if it is possible to put the container on a frigate / corvette with a more powerful GAS than on a minesweeper.
      The means of combating the mine threat are generally in a "rudimentary" state.

      Instead of spending money on the development of autonomous mines for mine seekers, we build plastic minesweepers that are not analogous to the world and are useless against modern non-contact mines.
      1. 0
        5 September 2016 16: 36
        Quite a few such devices have been developed for themselves, so far they are being brought to mind because the process is time-consuming
        1. +1
          6 September 2016 09: 19
          Now ships with a powerful GAS are not needed to search for and destroy mines. Now there has been a "revolution" in this business based on "side-scan locators". That is, towed or self-propelled locators with a variable signature and computer signal processing, allowing to "draw" a 3D picture of the seabed and the water column. The latest "squeak" in this area, which the Swedes are now using in full force, helping the Finns to destroy the mines of the war in the waters of the Baltic are robotic, underwater, autonomous complexes with side-looking radars.
  5. +3
    5 September 2016 09: 03
    I read it with interest. This is rarely remembered. But for them the war in the 1945 year did not end. Dangerous and hard combat work continued
    Good memory to the fallen sailors!
  6. +3
    5 September 2016 09: 16
    To the author +! FB Mudrak well described the fight against mines in the Baltic in his book "On trawl tacks". During the war years, he commanded a battalion of minesweeping boats.
  7. +10
    5 September 2016 10: 48
    You can and should remember such an outstanding person as Geyro Abram Borisovich. He has done a lot both in matters related to the fight against mine danger and in the development of new types of mine weapons. During the war, he participated in the clearance of fairways, the clearance of contactless and other mines. He was the chief engineer at several Central Design Bureau and Scientific Research Institute, then he was the head of the mine and torpedo department at the School of Weapon Engineers, and then at the All-Russian Higher Military School of Commerce and Industry. After retirement he remained a teacher there. Ask any VVMUPP graduate of those years (until 1988), you will be answered that this was one of the most respected teachers of the 2nd faculty.
    Captain of the 1st rank, professor ... Stalin Prize, Order of Lenin, Battle Red Banner, Patriotic War 2 degrees, 2 Orders of the Red Star ... And a large number of non-anniversary medals. I think that says a lot. Was the prototype for the main character of the movie "Allegro with Fire".
  8. +20
    5 September 2016 12: 29
    The article is just class !!!
    It is because of such articles that I registered at VO!
    Forgive me the administration of the site, zadolbali short excerpts from information tapes, Yandex and others are enough for them. Where is the analytics? Where are the detailed reviews? Where did the Military Review go?
    And, well, it’s an extremely inconvenient kind of site, I understand, advertising, money, but please finish to a look that even resembles the old format. Return the minuses, otherwise only slogans remained in the comments, but before that it was a dialogue, often more interesting than the article itself.
    Hao, I said everything!
    1. +3
      5 September 2016 14: 24
      "Best the enemy of the good. Especially when we are considered "users" and brought to a common denominator, i.e. to the Unified State Exam entities. And as you know, they are not capable of mental-analytical and reasoned-evidence-based thinking.
    2. +2
      7 September 2016 17: 28
      I agree too. However, you begin to appreciate such articles much more strongly in a heap of absolute informational noise.
      According to the article - hard, deadly work with mines. For mine, the war is never over!
  9. +2
    5 September 2016 15: 00
    Quote: qwert
    I read it with interest. This is rarely remembered. But for them the war in the 1945 year did not end. Dangerous and hard combat work continued
    Good memory to the fallen sailors!
  10. +5
    6 September 2016 08: 59
    Awesome article !!! We have a monument in Kerch. We put it to the guys who cleared the strait.

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