The guns on the railway transporter. French 194 mm cannon 1870 / 93

5
Developed by Schneider in 1914, the railway transporter was also used to create an artillery rail installation with the 194-mm 1870 / 93 X gun. Initially, this gun was used in the coastal defense system. Its length was only 30,3 caliber, with a mass of more than 10 tons. The ballistic characteristics were relatively low: when shooting high-explosive shells with a mass of 80,5 — 85,3 kilogram (initial speed 555 — 640 m / s), targets were hit at a distance of no more than 12 — 13,8 kilometers. Only after the introduction of a grenade with a ballistic tip (mass 83,0 kg, initial speed 640 m / s), the target destruction range increased to 18,3 km.



The 1886 M carriage, designed for coastal artillery and consisting of two machines (upper and lower) and a hydraulic recoil brake, was used to mount the gun on the railway conveyor. The recoil energy that occurred when fired was extinguished by moving the upper machine up and back along the inclined surface of the lower machine and the recoil brake. Under the action of gravity occurred roll forward. For aiming the gun in the vertical plane, it was equipped with a lifting mechanism with a toothed sector. The maximum elevation angle is 40 degrees.

The angle of horizontal fire was 360 degrees. To enable circular shelling, the lower machine was mounted on a steel frame that rotated on rollers on a cast iron base mounted on a conveyor belt. The horizontal pointing mechanism consisted of a ring gear on a cast-iron base and a gear wheel on a steel swing frame. Vertical and horizontal guidance had manual drives. The peculiarity of the considered artillery rail installation was the presence of shield cover of the gun, made in the form of an armored tower. On both sides of the tower were placed armor for ammunition. For the submission of charges and shells into the tower, it was necessary to deploy it so that the receiving hatch, made in the aft part of the tower, stood in front of the corresponding hatch of the cellar.

Such a constructive solution greatly complicated the process of loading and reduced the rate of fire of the gun. Despite this, the French gunners found the railway installation with the 194-millimeter M 1870 / 93 quite successful. Schneider ordered a large batch of these installations. Already in March, 1915 of this type was used against German troops. Since the mass production of these railway installations was carried out throughout the war and in the postwar years, by the year 12 the French army had a fleet of 1940 32 mm guns on the railway conveyors.

During World War II, German forces seized most of the installations after the defeat of France and used them in the coastal defense system under the designation 19,4, see Kapop (E) 486 (f) or 93 (f). In this case, the guns from part of the installations were dismantled and installed at stationary firing positions.

Performance characteristics:
Caliber - 194,4 mm;
Barrel length - 30,3 calibers;
The highest angle of elevation is + 40 degrees;
Declination angle - 0 degrees;
Angle of horizontal fire - 360 hail .;
The mass of the high-explosive projectile - 83,0 kg;
The initial velocity of the projectile - 640 m / s;
The longest firing range - 18300 m.
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

5 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +1
    31 January 2013 09: 09
    I have the feeling that the French were armed with railway guns of all possible calibers. Why do they need such a graft? what
    there was a shield cover at the gun, made in the form of an armored tower

    Some kind of nonsense - a shield is a shield, a tower is a tower. request
    In general, the design of the gun, IMHO, combined the best aspects of the experimental M 1877 and serial 274-mm M 1893 / 1896. From the first - circular shelling and the lack of need for curved paths. From the second - armor protection calculation. Minus - Shorter firing range.
    If such cannons were to be connected by 10 pieces into one train / armored train, then we would get a real land battleship! good Mass of volley - 830 kg! laughing
    1. 0
      31 January 2013 11: 39
      The French railway implements had a caliber from 164 to 400 mm. It is explained by the fact that obsolete guns were installed on the platforms. What found such and put laughing
  2. 0
    31 January 2013 12: 02
    ulyakinmariupol , as I understand it, among other things, the practice of drilling a bore channel was widely used to increase its resource with the subsequent transition to larger caliber shells.
    1. 0
      31 January 2013 12: 20
      Yes. And the French used this approach quite widely. Sometimes the guns were drilled several times - for example, 274-mm (http://topwar.ru/23434-pushki-na-zheleznodorozhnom-transportere-francuzskie-274

      -mm-pushki-m-188793-im-189396.html) reamed to 285 mm and then to 288 caliber
  3. 0
    31 January 2013 13: 04
    Where did the shells come from for such exotic calibers? I'm talking about Linkor guns of such calibers and have never heard of! what

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"